重庆市2024高考英语阅读理解一轮（精品）训练题（13）附答案

　　In the US, people prefer waiting for a table to sitting with people they don’t know. If you are sitting at a table with people you don’t know, it is impolite to light up a cigarette without first asking if it will disturb them.

　　At American restaurants and coffee shops you are usually served tap water (自来水) before you order. You may find the bread and butter is free, and if you order coffee, you may get a free refill.

　　Most cities and towns have no rules about opening and closing times for stores or restaurants, though they usually do make rules for bars. Especially in large cities, stores may be open 24 hours a day.

　　Servings in restaurants are often large, too large for many people. If you can’t finish your meal but would like to enjoy the food later, ask your waitress or waiter for a “doggie bag”. It may have a picture of a dog on it, but everybody knows you’re taking the food for yourself. Supper and dinner are both words for the evening meal. Some people have “Sunday dinner”. This is an especially big noon meal.

　　Tips are not usually added to the check. They are not included in the price of the meal, either. A tip of about 15% is expected and you should leave it on the table when you leave. In some restaurants, a check is brought on a plate and you put your money there. Then the waiter or waitress brings you your change.

　　61. Which statement is TRUE?

　　A. American people like sitting with people they don’t know.

　　B. A hostess always seats a small group at a large table.

　　C. American people never sit with people they don’t know.

　　D. American people will not light a cigarette if the people who sit at the same table mind their smoking.

　　62. What is served before you order?

　　A. Bread

　　B. Butter

　　C. Coffee

　　D. Cold water

　　63. What are the opening and closing times for stores and restaurants in the US?

　　A. There are no rules about opening and closing times for stores and restaurants.

　　B. Stores may be open 24 hours a day in every city.

　　C. Especially in large cities, stores may be open around the clock.

　　D. You can enter a bar at any time in the US.

　　64. What do American people always do when servings are too large for them?

　　A. They take the food home with a “doggie bag” for their dogs.

　　B. They leave the food on the table and go away.

　　C. They take the food home with a “doggie bag” and enjoy the food later.

　　D. They ask the waitress or waiter to keep the food for them.

　　65. What can you learn about “tips” according to the passage?

　　A. Customers often add tips to their check.

　　B. The price of the meal usually includes the tip.

　　C. People are not expected to pay tips in addition.

　　D. Tips are supposed to be left on the table when customers leave.

　　*******************************************************结束

　　(2011·安徽卷，D)

　　Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer(征服) Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English. Finally, in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two “Irelands”. Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country.

　　In the 1840s the main crop, potatoes，was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger. This, and a shortage (短缺) of work, forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.

　　For many years, the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers. Today, many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices. Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside, where things move at a quieter and slower pace.

　　The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly. Oscar Wilde, a famous Irish writer, once said that the Irish were “the greatest talkers since the Greeks”. Since independence, Ireland has revived(复兴) its own culture of music, language, literature and singing. Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments. Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistles, etc.

　　本文简要介绍了南北爱尔兰的形成及其人口、生产生活以及文化的复兴等知识。

　　17．What does the author tell us in Paragraph 1?

　　A. How the Irish fought against the English.

　　B. How Ireland gained independence.

　　C. How English rulers tried to conquer Ireland.

　　D. How two “Irelands” came into being.

　　答案：D。主旨大意题。第一段主要介绍了在英国统治下的爱尔兰如何独立分化成南北爱尔兰的历史原因。

　　18．We learn from the text that in Ireland________.

　　A. food shortages in the 1840s led to a decline in population

　　B. people are moving to the cities for lack of work in the countryside

　　C. it is harder to make a living as a farmer than as a factory worker

　　D. different kinds of old Irish songs are all sung with instruments

　　答案：A。细节理解题。由文章第二段可知。

　　19. The last paragraph is mainly about________.

　　A. the Irish character B. Irish culture

　　C. Irish musical instruments D. a famous Irish writer

　　答案：B。主旨大意题。最后一段涉及到了爱尔兰人热情友好的性格，但更主要的是关于爱尔兰独立后的文化的复兴和特点。

　　20. What can be the best title for the text?

　　A. Life in IrelandB. A Very Difficult History

　　C. Ireland, Past and Present D. The Independence of Ireland

　　答案：C。主旨大意题。文章介绍了南北爱尔兰的形成、人口分布的历史变迁、城市与农村的生产生活以及爱尔兰的文化复兴等。(2011·漳州质检，A)

　　Doctors at a Boston hospital last week performed the first full face transplant in the US, attaching a donor face to a 25-year-old man whose face was severely burned when his head touched a high-voltage(高压的) line three years ago.

　　A team of more than 30 surgeons and nurses worked for about 15 hours to transplant the forehead, nose, lips, facial skin, underlying muscles and the nerves that power them and provide sensation(知觉) from a donor to Wiens, whose head came in contact with a high-voltage line on Nov. 13, 2008.

　　Bohdan Pomahac, the surgeon, said the team was not able to bring back Wiens's eyesight. But Wiens should be able to regain up to 90 percent of normal sensation on the right side of his forehead, right cheek, most of his upper lip and his entire lower lip. Nerve damage was too great for there to be more than tiny sensation in the left check and left forehead, Pomahac said.

　　Doctors say the goal of the operation was to improve Wiens's ability to breathe, eat and talk and restore his face's social expression.

　　When Wiens recovers, he will not look like he once did, nor will he look like the donor, but “probably somewhere in the middle，” Pomahac said. The match between the donor and the recipient (接受者) was made based on race, similar age and blood type, etc.

　　Pomahac said he was worried the operation would not be successful when he first saw Wiens. His injuries were covering so large that doctors weren't sure there were enough remaining nerves or structures to connect to a new face.

　　Pomahac said he was determined to try his best because of what a patient with similar injuries had told him some years ago. That patient had numerous surgeries(外科手术), with only modest results. When Pomahac asked why the patient sought repeated surgery, he told the doctor, “I just want a taxi to stop when I'm waiting for one.”

　　美国波士顿医院上周成功进行了第一例面部全换手术。

　　1. The first paragraph serves as a ________.

　　A. conclusion

　　B. comment

　　C. lead-in

　　D. background

　　答案：C。推理判断题。由全文可知，第一段是导入。

　　2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A. Wiens's nerve damage was too great in the left check.

　　B. The left side of Wiens's cheek should be able to regain.

　　C. The donor's head touched a high-voltage line 3 years ago.

　　D. Pomahac was sure that the surgery would succeed at first.

　　答案：A。细节理解题。由第三段最后一句话“Nerve damage was too great for there to be more than tiny sensation in the left check and left forehead...”可知，Wiens左侧神经伤害如此大以至于他面部左侧无法恢复，所以A项正确而B项错误；由第一段可知，Wiens而非捐献者在三年前头部碰到了高压线，所以C项错误；由第六段第一句话“Pomahac said he was worried the operation would not be successful when he first saw Wiens.”可知，Pomahac并不确信手术是否会成功，所以D项错误。

　　3．We can learn from the passage when Wiens recovers, he will look like ________.

　　A. what he used to be

　　B. the donor

　　C. Bohdan Pomahac

　　D. the donor in some way

　　答案：D。细节理解题。由第五段第一句话“When Wiens recovers, he will not look like he once did, nor will he look like the donor, but ‘probably somewhere in the middle，’”可知，手术后Wiens既不会像自己的过去，也不会像捐献者，而是两者的结合，所以他会长得有点像Wiens，也有点像捐献者。

　　4．We can infer from the last paragraph that Pomahac's former patient ________.

　　A. experienced many surgeries with good effect

　　B. suffered a lot because of his ugly-looking face

　　C. wanted a taxi to stop when he was waiting for one

　　D. had a strong determination to bring back his eyesight

　　答案：B。推理判断题。由最后一段“...with only modest results”可知，那位病人的手术不很成功；再由病人的话可推知，该病人拦出租车时，出租车司机都不敢停车，因为病人长得太丑了。C项本身正确，但是不选，因为该项不是推理出来的，而是文章直接提到的。

　　[2024·邵阳市第一次联考]

　　In America, Virginia Beach has all the elements of a classic seaside resort: brilliant beaches, a lively boardwalk, plenty of restaurants and nightspots, and amusement rides sure to appeal to kids.Many believe Virginia Beach is at its best in the off-season, when the town is less crowded but the weather is still mild.

　　Meanwhile, some safety tips should be followed, enjoying the happiness and excitement the beach offers.

　　The number 1 safety tip concerns ocean safety: pay attention to Flag conditions posted on the lifeguard stands.Lifeguards post a red flag to warn when the ocean water is dangerous.Take them seriously! Tourists from land-locked regions are particularly easily attracted by the magic of the waves.However, a calm ocean can become risky without warning.Make sure you swim near a lifeguard.Swimming without lifeguard protection is almost five times as great as drowning at a beach with lifeguards.

　　Never swim alone.Many drownings involve single swimmers.When you swim with someone else, if one of you has a problem, the other may be able to get help, including signaling for assistance from others.

　　Don't fight the current.The facts show that some 80% of rescues by lifeguards at ocean beaches are caused by currents.These currents are formed by surf and gravity, because once surf pushes water up the slope of a beach, gravity pulls it back.This can create concentrated rivers of water moving offshore.If you are caught in a rip current, don't fight it by trying to swim directly to shore.Instead, swim parallel to shore until you feel the current relax, then swim to shore.Most rip currents are narrow and a short swim parallel to shore will help bring you to safety.

　　16．When coming to Virginia Beach, children CANNOT enjoy the happiness of________.

　　A．walking on the road made of wood

　　B. joining the nightspots

　　C．riding a horse or a pumper car

　　D．surfing in the sea

　　17．Many people believe the best time to visit Virginia Beach may be ________.

　　A．after autumn school term beginning

　　B．in the summer vacation

　　C．during the Christmas holiday

　　D．in the cold winter

　　18．Swimming in the sea you'd better not swim ________.

　　A．with a friend

　　B．within the sight of the lifeguard

　　C．with the current

　　D．as far as you like

　　19．From the passage, we can know________.

　　A．one in five persons swimming in the sea is drowned

　　B．if one with a lifeguard were drowning, five persons without lifeguards would be

　　C．some 80% people drowning by the currents are rescued by lifeguards

　　D．some 20% people drowning by the currents are rescued by lifeguards

　　20．The passage mainly tells us ________.

　　A．Virginia Beach has all the elements of a classic seaside resort

　　B．the happiness and excitement the beach offers

　　C．some safety tips when swimming in the sea

　　D．the dangers for tourists from land-locked regions to swim in the sea

　　【要点综述】 维珍尼亚滩是一个值得游览的好地方，但也要注意安全。本文主要介绍游览维珍尼亚滩时需注意的安全事项。

　　16. C　细节理解题。根据第一段“brilliant beaches, a lively boardwalk, plenty of restaurants and nightspots, and amusement rides sure to appeal to kids.”可知，在维珍尼亚滩，你可以漫步在木板路上，参加夜总会；再根据最后一段“These currents are formed by surf and gravity, because once surf pushes water up the slope of a beach, gravity pulls it back.”可推断你也可以在海中冲浪，但就是不能骑马或坐车，故选C项。

　　17. A　推理判断题。根据第一段“Many believe Virginia Beach is at its best in the off-season, when the town is less crowded but the weather is still mild.”可推断，人不多，气候还尚温和的淡季是游览维珍尼亚滩的最好时间。气候还尚温和的季节应是秋季，故选A项。

　　18. D　细节理解题。根据第三段“Make sure you swim near a lifeguard.”可知在海中游泳时不宜游得太远，故选D项。

　　19. B　推理判断题。根据第三段“Swimming without lifeguard protection is almost five times as great as drowning at a beach with lifeguards.”可判断选B项。

　　20. C　主旨大意题。全文围绕第二段“Meanwhile, some safety tips should be followed, enjoying the happiness and excitement the beach offers.”而写，即全文旨在介绍游览维珍尼亚滩时需注意的安全事项，故选C项。