2024届高考英语一轮复习 语篇微写作强化系列Test30精选导学案 北师大版
2024届高考英语一轮复习 语篇微写作强化系列Test30精选导学案 北师大版
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
When top engineers in Germany wanted to build a more energy-efficient car，they headed to the natural history museum to study dolphins and sharks.But it was the boxfish(盒子鱼) that interested them.
“We were surprised when this clumsy-looking fish became our model for designing an aerodynamic(空气动力学的) car”，says Thomas Weber.He is the research and development chief for the car company Daimler.An aerodynamic design reduces wind drag and increases fuel efficiency.
The boxfish may look clumsy，but it can start，stop，back up and zigzag(曲折前进) through the water with ease.And it does all this using surprisingly little energy.Daimler’s bionic(仿生学的) car is modeled on the fish’s boxy skeletal (骨豁的) system.Like the fish，the car is fast and drives easily.It’s efficient too.
The science behind nature-inspired inventions is called biomimicry(生物仿生)．Biologist Janine Benyus came up with the term.As co-founder of the Biomimicry Guild，she has worked with cereal companies，sneaker designers and others to develop products based on Nature’s best ideas.
This month，the Nature’s 100 Best List will be revealed at the World Conservation Congress(代表大会) in Barcelona，Spain.Benyus co-authored the list of nature inspired designs with economist Gunter Pauli.
In Zimbabwe，a country in southern Africa，engineers designed energy-efficient buildings modeled on termite(白蚁) mounds (土堆)．The buildings use vents (孔)to keep the air flowing and the temperature cool.
A company in Atlanta，US，developed a self-cleaning paint modeled on the lotus(荷花) leaf.When the paint dries，it becomes bumpy (不平的)，just like the lotus leaf.Rain drops form on the bumps and roll off，carrying dirt along with them.
Nature has done billions of years of research.Only the best-designed products have survived.Companies owe Mother Nature a debt for all that hard work，says Benyus.
For scientists and inventors，the possibilities for copying nature are limitless.Technology may never be as efficient as nature，or as colorful.But that doesn’t mean we should stop trying to learn from the world around us.Take a walk outside.Watch a squirrel climb up a tree.Look closely at the veins(纹理) of a leaf.Hear the birds chirping in the trees.Such small details may help solve big problems in the future.
1．Which is TRUE according to the passage?
A．In America a self-cleaning paint was modeled on the lotus flower.
B．Zimbabwe engineers learned from termites to create highly advanced heating systems.
C．After the boxfish ，many other ideas of new products are borrowed from nature.
D．Nature is a good source to turn to for improving technology.
答案 D
解析 最后一段第一句话明确指出“the possibilities for copying nature are limitless”即自然界有助于技术改善提高。A项错在不是flower，而是leaf；B项错在不是heating，而是to keep the air flowing and the temperature cool；C项文中根本没有指明几个发明的时间关系。
2．The clumsy-looking boxfish interested the scientists because of the following reasons EXCEPT that________.
A．it swims using little energy
B．being boxy，it looks quite like a car
C．some engineers had researched on how to swim easily in the water
D．it is a speedy swimmer
答案 C
解析 第三段明确指出了boxfish的优点，只有C项没有提到。
3．Why did top engineers in Germany go to the natural history museum?
A．They wanted to pay a visit to the animals there because they were so lovely.
B．They wanted to carry out a research of boxfish and dolphins.
C．They wanted to search for a model to base on for building a more-efficient car.
D．They wanted to study the science of survival.
答案 C
解析 显然文中所举的德国顶级工程师去自然博物馆的目的是希望从动物身上获取启发，以便设计一个好的汽车。“Like the fish，the car is fast and drives easily.”这句话也明确指出答案为C项。
4．We can infer from the passage EXCEPT ________.
A．it is believed that the creation of the airplane might have originated from the bird flying in the sky
B．the atmosphere on the earth cannot be transferred into the original idea
C．dolphins and sharks may become the source of scientists，inventions or creations
D．if you observe and explore nature，you may make great discoveries or become great inventors
答案 B
解析 B项和生物仿生想法相反，故选B项。
5．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．How Daimler’s bionic car came into being.
B．Nature has inspired a lot of inventions and will continue to.
C．Scientists and inventors’ contribution to modern industry comes from nature.
D．The Nature’s 100 best list.
答案 B
解析 最后一段再一次重申了要向自然界汲取力量。C项错在主次颠倒。
B
In the United States，when one becomes rich，he wants people to know it.And even if he does not become very rich，he wants people to think that he is.That is what “keeping up with the Joneses” is about.It is the story of someone who tried to look as rich as his neighbours.
The expression was first used in 1913 by a young American called Arthur Momand.He told this story about himself.He began earning $125 a week at the age of 23.That was a lot of money in those days.He got married and moved with his wife to a very wealthy neighbourhood outside New York City.When he saw that rich people rode horses，Momand went horseback riding every day.When he saw that rich people had servants，Momand and his wife also hired a servant and gave big parties for their new neighbours.
It was like a race，but one could never finish this race because one was always trying to keep up.The race ended for Momand and his wife when they could no longer pay for their new way of life.They moved back to an apartment in New York City.
Momand looked around him and noticed that many people do things just to keep up with rich lifestyle of their neighbours.He saw the funny side of it and started to write a series of short stories.He called it “Keeping up with the Joneses” because Jones is a very common name in the United States.“ Keeping up with the Joneses” came to mean keeping up with rich lifestyle of the people around you.Momand’s series appeared in different newspapers across the country for over 28 years.
People never seem to get tired of keeping up with the Joneses.And there are Joneses in every city of the world.But one must get tired of trying to keep up with the Joneses because no matter what one does，Mr.Jones always seems to be ahead.
6．Some people want to keep up with the Joneses because they ________.
A．want to be as rich as their neighbours
B．want others to know or to think that they are rich
C．don’t want others to know they are rich
D．want to be happy
答案 B
解析 文章前两句话说明答案为B项。
7．It can be inferred from the story that rich people like to ________.
A．live outside New York City
B．live in New York City
C．live in apartments
D．have many neighbours
答案 A
解析 文中“wealthy neighbourhood outside New York City”明确指出富人住在纽约城外，选A项。
8．The underlined word neighbourhood in the second paragraph means ________.
A．a person who lives near another
B．people living in an area
C．an area near the place referred to
D．an area in another town or city
答案 C
解析 第一段最后一句话说明是邻居社区，故选C项。
9．Arthur Momand used the name Jones in his series of short stories because Jones is ________.
A．an important name
B．a popular name in the United States
C．his neighbour’s name
D．not a good name
答案 B
解析 美国的Jones是“a very common name”。
10．According to the writer，it is________ to keep up with the Joneses.
A．correct
B．interesting
C．impossible
D．good
答案 C
解析 文章的最后一句话就表明不可能赶上Jones。
Ⅱ.微写作
写作素材
1．通过上网查阅相关资料，我不仅可以解决问题而且还能提高独自克服困难的能力。
2．我的学习有了平稳的进步。
提示：尽量使用高级表达：not only...but also的倒装句；不定式作定语以及连接词as a result等。
连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)
By referring to relevant learning materials on the Internet，not only can I work out the problem，but also I can improve my ability to overcome problems all by myself.As a result，I have made steady progress in my studies.
1．efficient adj.效率高的 efficiency n．效率 effective adj.有效的 effect n．结果；影响 have an effect on对… …有影响 take effect见效；生效 come into effect开始生效
2．be modeled on模仿 model oneself on sb.以某人为榜样 fashion model时装模特儿
3．with ease容易地 at ease放松地 put sb.at ease使某人放松 ease sb.of...减轻某人的……
4．back up 支持 back away后退 at the back of在……后面 back and forth来来回回
5．It was like a race，but one could never finish this race because one was always trying to keep up.
本句是由but连接的并列句，在后一分句中包含一个由because引导的原因状语从句。
如何排除阅读理解中的干扰项？
在一般情况下，先排除一两个绝对不可能的选项，然后在剩下的选项中靠自己的直觉选择一个，这样就提高了答题的正确率。遇到难以解答的题目，不要惊慌失措，也不要在该题上花费过多的时间，可以等完成其他题目后再来做该题。
最后解答此题时，考生可再回到文章中，对有相似性的选项再分辨，利用命题者设题的常用干扰方法进行排除。
答题三忌：
一忌主观臆断
高考考试时间紧，题量大，很多考生阅读理解题得分率较低的主要原因就是为了节约时间，不根据文章内容，凭主观判断或印象选择，可能会将无中生有、偷梁换柱、张冠李戴、断章取义等方法设计的干扰项确定为正确答案，导致失分。如B篇第6题答案A和B极易混淆，若不认真读文章，仅从主观判断或印象考虑，易错选A，但从文章的前两句“In the United States，when one becomes rich，he wants people to know it.And even if he does not become very rich，he wants people to think that he is.”可知正确答案为B。
二忌妄加推断
考生容易犯的另一种错误是妄加推断。考生将文章未涉及的内容也包括进去，认为是正确答案，或在文章基础上随意推测原本未发生的情况发生。无中生有的干扰项就是给这些考生设置的陷阱。
三忌见树不见林
考生还容易犯的错误是见树不见林。他们只看到原文的具体细节，没有从大局出发了解文章的整体意思，未能准确把握作者的意图，被涉及细节的选项所蒙蔽，造成错误。
2024届高考英语一轮复习 语篇微写作强化系列Test30精选导学案 北师大版
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
When top engineers in Germany wanted to build a more energy-efficient car，they headed to the natural history museum to study dolphins and sharks.But it was the boxfish(盒子鱼) that interested them.
“We were surprised when this clumsy-looking fish became our model for designing an aerodynamic(空气动力学的) car”，says Thomas Weber.He is the research and development chief for the car company Daimler.An aerodynamic design reduces wind drag and increases fuel efficiency.
The boxfish may look clumsy，but it can start，stop，back up and zigzag(曲折前进) through the water with ease.And it does all this using surprisingly little energy.Daimler’s bionic(仿生学的) car is modeled on the fish’s boxy skeletal (骨豁的) system.Like the fish，the car is fast and drives easily.It’s efficient too.
The science behind nature-inspired inventions is called biomimicry(生物仿生)．Biologist Janine Benyus came up with the term.As co-founder of the Biomimicry Guild，she has worked with cereal companies，sneaker designers and others to develop products based on Nature’s best ideas.
This month，the Nature’s 100 Best List will be revealed at the World Conservation Congress(代表大会) in Barcelona，Spain.Benyus co-authored the list of nature inspired designs with economist Gunter Pauli.
In Zimbabwe，a country in southern Africa，engineers designed energy-efficient buildings modeled on termite(白蚁) mounds (土堆)．The buildings use vents (孔)to keep the air flowing and the temperature cool.
A company in Atlanta，US，developed a self-cleaning paint modeled on the lotus(荷花) leaf.When the paint dries，it becomes bumpy (不平的)，just like the lotus leaf.Rain drops form on the bumps and roll off，carrying dirt along with them.
Nature has done billions of years of research.Only the best-designed products have survived.Companies owe Mother Nature a debt for all that hard work，says Benyus.
For scientists and inventors，the possibilities for copying nature are limitless.Technology may never be as efficient as nature，or as colorful.But that doesn’t mean we should stop trying to learn from the world around us.Take a walk outside.Watch a squirrel climb up a tree.Look closely at the veins(纹理) of a leaf.Hear the birds chirping in the trees.Such small details may help solve big problems in the future.
1．Which is TRUE according to the passage?
A．In America a self-cleaning paint was modeled on the lotus flower.
B．Zimbabwe engineers learned from termites to create highly advanced heating systems.
C．After the boxfish ，many other ideas of new products are borrowed from nature.
D．Nature is a good source to turn to for improving technology.
答案 D
解析 最后一段第一句话明确指出“the possibilities for copying nature are limitless”即自然界有助于技术改善提高。A项错在不是flower，而是leaf；B项错在不是heating，而是to keep the air flowing and the temperature cool；C项文中根本没有指明几个发明的时间关系。
2．The clumsy-looking boxfish interested the scientists because of the following reasons EXCEPT that________.
A．it swims using little energy
B．being boxy，it looks quite like a car
C．some engineers had researched on how to swim easily in the water
D．it is a speedy swimmer
答案 C
解析 第三段明确指出了boxfish的优点，只有C项没有提到。
3．Why did top engineers in Germany go to the natural history museum?
A．They wanted to pay a visit to the animals there because they were so lovely.
B．They wanted to carry out a research of boxfish and dolphins.
C．They wanted to search for a model to base on for building a more-efficient car.
D．They wanted to study the science of survival.
答案 C
解析 显然文中所举的德国顶级工程师去自然博物馆的目的是希望从动物身上获取启发，以便设计一个好的汽车。“Like the fish，the car is fast and drives easily.”这句话也明确指出答案为C项。
4．We can infer from the passage EXCEPT ________.
A．it is believed that the creation of the airplane might have originated from the bird flying in the sky
B．the atmosphere on the earth cannot be transferred into the original idea
C．dolphins and sharks may become the source of scientists，inventions or creations
D．if you observe and explore nature，you may make great discoveries or become great inventors
答案 B
解析 B项和生物仿生想法相反，故选B项。
5．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．How Daimler’s bionic car came into being.
B．Nature has inspired a lot of inventions and will continue to.
C．Scientists and inventors’ contribution to modern industry comes from nature.
D．The Nature’s 100 best list.
答案 B
解析 最后一段再一次重申了要向自然界汲取力量。C项错在主次颠倒。
B
In the United States，when one becomes rich，he wants people to know it.And even if he does not become very rich，he wants people to think that he is.That is what “keeping up with the Joneses” is about.It is the story of someone who tried to look as rich as his neighbours.
The expression was first used in 1913 by a young American called Arthur Momand.He told this story about himself.He began earning $125 a week at the age of 23.That was a lot of money in those days.He got married and moved with his wife to a very wealthy neighbourhood outside New York City.When he saw that rich people rode horses，Momand went horseback riding every day.When he saw that rich people had servants，Momand and his wife also hired a servant and gave big parties for their new neighbours.
It was like a race，but one could never finish this race because one was always trying to keep up.The race ended for Momand and his wife when they could no longer pay for their new way of life.They moved back to an apartment in New York City.
Momand looked around him and noticed that many people do things just to keep up with rich lifestyle of their neighbours.He saw the funny side of it and started to write a series of short stories.He called it “Keeping up with the Joneses” because Jones is a very common name in the United States.“ Keeping up with the Joneses” came to mean keeping up with rich lifestyle of the people around you.Momand’s series appeared in different newspapers across the country for over 28 years.
People never seem to get tired of keeping up with the Joneses.And there are Joneses in every city of the world.But one must get tired of trying to keep up with the Joneses because no matter what one does，Mr.Jones always seems to be ahead.
6．Some people want to keep up with the Joneses because they ________.
A．want to be as rich as their neighbours
B．want others to know or to think that they are rich
C．don’t want others to know they are rich
D．want to be happy
答案 B
解析 文章前两句话说明答案为B项。
7．It can be inferred from the story that rich people like to ________.
A．live outside New York City
B．live in New York City
C．live in apartments
D．have many neighbours
答案 A
解析 文中“wealthy neighbourhood outside New York City”明确指出富人住在纽约城外，选A项。
8．The underlined word neighbourhood in the second paragraph means ________.
A．a person who lives near another
B．people living in an area
C．an area near the place referred to
D．an area in another town or city
答案 C
解析 第一段最后一句话说明是邻居社区，故选C项。
9．Arthur Momand used the name Jones in his series of short stories because Jones is ________.
A．an important name
B．a popular name in the United States
C．his neighbour’s name
D．not a good name
答案 B
解析 美国的Jones是“a very common name”。
10．According to the writer，it is________ to keep up with the Joneses.
A．correct
B．interesting
C．impossible
D．good
答案 C
解析 文章的最后一句话就表明不可能赶上Jones。
Ⅱ.微写作
写作素材
1．通过上网查阅相关资料，我不仅可以解决问题而且还能提高独自克服困难的能力。
2．我的学习有了平稳的进步。
提示：尽量使用高级表达：not only...but also的倒装句；不定式作定语以及连接词as a result等。
连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)
By referring to relevant learning materials on the Internet，not only can I work out the problem，but also I can improve my ability to overcome problems all by myself.As a result，I have made steady progress in my studies.
1．efficient adj.效率高的 efficiency n．效率 effective adj.有效的 effect n．结果；影响 have an effect on对… …有影响 take effect见效；生效 come into effect开始生效
2．be modeled on模仿 model oneself on sb.以某人为榜样 fashion model时装模特儿
3．with ease容易地 at ease放松地 put sb.at ease使某人放松 ease sb.of...减轻某人的……
4．back up 支持 back away后退 at the back of在……后面 back and forth来来回回
5．It was like a race，but one could never finish this race because one was always trying to keep up.
本句是由but连接的并列句，在后一分句中包含一个由because引导的原因状语从句。
如何排除阅读理解中的干扰项？
在一般情况下，先排除一两个绝对不可能的选项，然后在剩下的选项中靠自己的直觉选择一个，这样就提高了答题的正确率。遇到难以解答的题目，不要惊慌失措，也不要在该题上花费过多的时间，可以等完成其他题目后再来做该题。
最后解答此题时，考生可再回到文章中，对有相似性的选项再分辨，利用命题者设题的常用干扰方法进行排除。
答题三忌：
一忌主观臆断
高考考试时间紧，题量大，很多考生阅读理解题得分率较低的主要原因就是为了节约时间，不根据文章内容，凭主观判断或印象选择，可能会将无中生有、偷梁换柱、张冠李戴、断章取义等方法设计的干扰项确定为正确答案，导致失分。如B篇第6题答案A和B极易混淆，若不认真读文章，仅从主观判断或印象考虑，易错选A，但从文章的前两句“In the United States，when one becomes rich，he wants people to know it.And even if he does not become very rich，he wants people to think that he is.”可知正确答案为B。
二忌妄加推断
考生容易犯的另一种错误是妄加推断。考生将文章未涉及的内容也包括进去，认为是正确答案，或在文章基础上随意推测原本未发生的情况发生。无中生有的干扰项就是给这些考生设置的陷阱。
三忌见树不见林
考生还容易犯的错误是见树不见林。他们只看到原文的具体细节，没有从大局出发了解文章的整体意思，未能准确把握作者的意图，被涉及细节的选项所蒙蔽，造成错误。
