《阅读理解特训：3真2模含解析》2024届高三英语二轮突破21

　　Ⅳ.阅读理解（每小题2分，满分40分）

　　A

　　For a long time, a boy wondered why his next-desk-pal was always the first in the class, whereas he could only rank the 21st.

　　At home, he asked his mom:“Am I more stupid than other kids? How can I always fall behind? I just can’t come up with an answer.”Mom was aware that her son’s self-respect had been damaged by the ranking system, but she didn’t know what to say to help.

　　She tended to say that intelligence differs and that yes, her son’s friend really was the smarter boy. But that would so upset her son. Thank goodness she resisted the temptation to say it.

　　Her son and his friend went on to high school that year, but despite trying as hard as he could, her son’s friend still outdid him. But she was proud of her boy for his hard work, sincerely proud. It was around this time that she decided to take him on a trip to the seaside. On the trip, she at last found an answer for him.

　　Today her son no longer cares about rankings. He doesn’t have to, for he himself is now the top of the class at the top national university he attends. After university his teachers and peers fully expect him to have a promising career.

　　Invited to speak to his old high school, he mentioned a valuable childhood experience. It concerned that holiday his mother had prepared for them:“Once, on a trip to the sea, my mother and I were lying on the beach. She pointed to the sea and said to me: Do you see the seabirds fighting for food out there? When a wave comes near, the little birds rise quickly. The clumsy seagulls are far slower and have to struggle to get away from the wave. But these clumsy birds prove to have the biggest, strongest wings, which allow the bird to travel the furthest. When the season changes, they leave for foreign shores, leaving the little birds behind. Son, I have a feeling that you are one of those seagulls. ”

　　56. The story mainly conveys the message that

　　A. competition between students is good for society

　　B. only rankings show intelligence of a child

　　C. parents should build up children’s self-respect

　　D. children take competition among them to heart

　　57. From the 2nd paragraph, we can see that the mother

　　A. saw the negative effects of the ranking system

　　B. decided to help with her son’s homework

　　C. knew her son was weak in his study

　　D. felt sorry for her son’s bad behavior.

　　58. We can infer from the passage that

　　A. the son knew intelligence didn’t mean anything

　　B. the mother was not strong enough to face the truth

　　C. the mother was careful to protect her son’s self-respect

　　D. the son would forget his rankings soon after leaving high school

　　59.Which of the following has the similar meaning with the underlined word“outdid”?

　　A. was equal to

　　B. did better than

　　C. laughed at

　　D. worked harder than

　　B

　　As we get older, most of us worry about grey hair, wrinkles and maintaining a youthful body. But people often don’t realize the voice needs looking after. Here, Mr. Rubin, a voice expert, reveals how to keep your voice youthful.

　　Drink more fluid and avoid spicy food

　　You need water for the vocal cords(声带) to vibrate(振动) well. The body must be kept hydrated enough to make the vocal cords operate well. Drinking 1.5 liters of water a day at intervals of 15 minutes is very important. Mr. Rubin advises avoiding foods with an annoying effect on the stomach, such as onions, chili, fizzy drinks and chocolate.

　　Rest the throat and talk regularly

　　The vocal cords can be scared if you use your voice during a bad cough. If you have a case of laryngitis(喉炎) with a cold, you should rest your voice for a day or two, and seek medical advice.

　　Simply staying sociable and using your voice is very important. “As older people get less mobile, they can become socially isolated and speak less.”says Mr. Rubin. “The elderly need to communicate with people more. By using the vocal cords, they enable the ageing process to slow down. ”

　　Improve your posture

　　Good posture is essential to keeping the voice young, so we’d better stand properly. Exercise helps you take deeper breaths as it means there is better airflow through the voice box, producing a stronger tone.

　　Sing in the shower

　　This is one of the best ways to preserve your voice, as it keeps the larynx muscles strong while the steam lubricates(使润滑) the voice box.“Singing is gymnastics for the voice,”says Mr. Rubin. Joining a choir is one of the best ways to preserve a youthful tone.

　　【文章大意】：文章讲诉了语音专家讲怎样保持我们的声音年轻，诸如多喝水，少吃辛辣食品、洗澡时唱歌等方式。

　　60. Mr. Rubin gives us advice on

　　A. ways to keep us from aging

　　B. ways to keep our voice youthful

　　C. ways to talk with other people

　　D. prevention of diseases caused by talking too much

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】根据第一段Here, Mr. Rubin, a voice expert, reveals how to keep your voice youthful.罗宾先生，意为语音专家揭示了怎样保持声音年轻，选B

　　【考点定位】考查细节理解能力。

　　61. Which of the following statements is TRUE in the opinion of Mr. Rubin?

　　A. Taking more onions can keep us healthy.

　　B .Professional singers’ voices tend to age quickly.

　　C. The steam can do great harm to the voice.

　　D. We should stand properly to keep our voice youthful.

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】根据倒数第二段Good posture is essential to keeping the voice young, so we’d better stand properly.即好的姿势是保持声音年轻的关键，因此我们最好站姿正确，可知选D

　　【考点定位】考查细节理解能力。

　　62. To protect the voice, the old people should

　　A. get less mobile

　　B. lie in bed more

　　C. avoid using the voice

　　D. communicate with others more

　　【答案】D

　　63. What can we learn from the text?

　　A. Most people have realized the importance of protecting voice.

　　B. It’s hard to keep the vocal cords strong through exercise.

　　C. Shouting now and then benefits our vocal cords.

　　D. Singing in the shower is among the best ways to keep our voice youthful.

　　C

　　Yao Yunchun, a 24-year-old author who frequently shops online in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, has never been so impatient for her parcels as she is now. She has been counting every day while she waits for the products she ordered to arrive, as many deliveries have been delayed over the past month.“It took more than a week for one of my parcels to arrive from Beijing while, in the past, it took only four days,”said Yao.

　　She is just one of the many who like shopping on Taobao.com, the country’s largest online shopping site, which has posted apologetic announcements to customers for the delays in deliveries.“Many parcels are still at the airport and cannot be delivered on time, but I think I will do my best.”Taobao clothes retailer(零售商) IM Shop said on its website. Meanwhile, major express delivery companies in China have put up notices saying they are ready to cope with the delay in recent days.

　　“It was mainly caused by a big increase in online shopping orders because of discounts offered by e-commerce companies,”said Chen Shousong, an analyst with domestic research company Analysis International.

　　Taobao Mall, the country’s largest business-to-customer shopping site by market share, for example, rolled out a large-scale discount on November 11 in which 150 brands sold their products at half price. The discount attracted the attention of many e-shopping enthusiasts who spent 936 million yuan( $ 142 million) in just one day. The recent shortage of diesel oil, which restricts delivery vehicles’ capacity, and bad weather conditions in North China, also added to an already overloaded express delivery market.

　　Bottlenecks in delivery often appear before long holidays, such as the coming Christmas and New Year holidays and the Chinese traditional Spring Festival holiday. Delivery employees often quit their jobs at that time when faced with lots of work and low pay. So some express delivery companies are applying to build their own teams, even airlines.

　　64. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

　　A. Waiting for the Postman Impatiently

　　B. Shopping on Taobao.com Conveniently

　　C. Arguing with Retailers Online Heatedly

　　D. Suffering from Large-scale Discounts

　　65. Why were many deliveries delayed last month?

　　A. The airport didn’t perform their duty properly.

　　B. Some customers didn’t pay enough money.

　　C. Sales volume in online shopping goes up rapidly.

　　D. Delivery companies are short of vehicles.

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】根据第三段It was mainly caused by a big increase in online shopping orders because of discounts offered by e-commerce companies,送货慢的原因是意为商家打折，网上订单剧增造成的，可知 C为正确答案。

　　【考点定位】考查细节理解能力。

　　66.The underlined word“enthusiasts”has the same meaning with

　　A. retailers

　　B. customers

　　C. providers

　　D. owners

　　67. What would be continued with the passage?

　　A. To attract more new delivery employees.

　　B. To call off the holiday for the Spring Festival.

　　C. To stop online shopping before holidays.

　　D. To build e-commerce companies’ own delivery teams.

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】由文段最后一句一些快递公司正在创建自己的团队和航线可知，接下来文章就应该讲网络商建立自己的快递团队，故D为正确答案。

　　【考点定位】考查作者写作思路推理的能力。

　　D

　　A food additive is any substance that is added to food. Many people are put off by the idea of“chemicals in food.”The truth is that all food is made up of chemicals. Natural substances like milk, as well as man-made ones like drinks on sale in the market, can be described by chemical formulas. Some chemical substances are indeed harmful, but a person who refused to consume any chemicals would find nothing to eat.

　　The things we eat can be divided into natural and man-made substances. Some people feel that only natural foods are healthy and that all man-made ingredients are to be avoided. But many natural chemicals, found in plants and animals, are harmful when eaten, and some laboratory-made substances increase the nutritional value of food. Other chemicals have natural and man-made forms that are exactly alike: vitamin C is vitamin C, whether it comes from a test tube or from an orange. Like“chemical”,“man-made”doesn’t necessarily mean“not fit to eat”.

　　Food additives are used for many reasons. We add sugar and salt and other things to foods we prepare at home to make them taste better. Food producers have developed a range of additives that stabilize, thicken, harden, keep wet, keep firm, or improve the appearance of their products. Additives can make food more convenient or nutritious, give it a longer shelf life, and make it more attractive to the consumer, thus increasing the sales and profits of the producers.

　　Food additives are presently the centre of a storm of serious argument. Food producers have been known to use additives that have not been proved safe; some substances in common use have been proved unsafe and have been taken off the market. Many people feel there’s a risk of eating food to which anything has been added. But food additives are now regulated by the FDA of the federal government, and new additives are subjected to strict testing before they can be placed on the market. For most people, the chances of developing serious side effects from the long-term use of presently approved food additives are very slim.

　　68. From the passage we can learn that

　　A. all foods consist of chemical substances

　　B. it is right to reject chemicals in food

　　C. food additives are harmful to our health

　　D. natural foods are much safer than man-made ones

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】由第一段The truth is that all food is made up of chemicals.事实上所有的食物都含有化学物质。可知A为正确答案。

　　【考点定位】考查细节理解题。

　　69. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A. Foods with more additives have higher nutritional value.

　　B. To ensure food safety, the FDA will ban food additives.

　　C. Foods free of additives can keep a much longer shelf life.

　　D. Food additives can improve the quality of foods in many ways.

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】由第三段介绍食品添加剂可以防潮，改善品味，提高营养等可知D为正确答案。

　　【考点定位】考查细节理解题。

　　70.We can infer from the regulation to the food additives by the FDA that

　　A. new additives will be approved more easily than before

　　B. food producers won’t be allowed to use new food additives

　　C. food with common-used additives will be taken off the market

　　D. food additives will be used in a safer and more scientific way

　　71. According to the writer, the food additive is

　　A. worrying

　　B. acceptable

　　C. poisonous

　　D. avoidable

　　E

　　We live in a very competitive world. Everybody seems to be competing with someone at some level. Each week we spend hours playing or watching others compete in sporting activities all over the world. We cannot help being impressed by the level of excellence that these people achieve.

　　In sport and business, competition encourages excellence in performance. Where there is no competition, improvement in performance is less likely. Some level of competition is a have-to in all aspects of life.

　　The following story makes this point.

　　As two friends are hiking in the forest they come across a huge, ferocious and obviously hungry bear. Its next meal has just come into sight, and they are it! The first friend calculates that the bear will catch them in 27.3 seconds. At that point, she panics, realizing there is no escape. She faces her friend, with the fear of death in her eyes. To her amazement, she observes that her friend is not scared at all. On the contrary, her friend is quickly but calmly taking off her hiking boots and putting on running shoes. “What do you think you’re doing?”the first hiker says to her companion. “You’ll never be able to run faster than that bear”. “That’s true,” says the companion,“but all I have to do is escape, faster than you.”

　　We all compete when the motivation is strong enough. However, competition is not the real purpose of life. Fulfilling the measure of our creation can only be achieved individually.

　　Most of time, we are not in competition with any other person, so we do not have to compare ourselves with others. There is only one person that can fulfill our role and that is us. This means that others cannot beat us to the finish line because there is no race. This is not to say that others do not have a similar role to us, but it is never the same. This is important to understand if we are going to enjoy life. Every human being is unique and cannot be cloned. In this, I am not referring to the body, only to the spirit, soul, or the essence of a person.