Unit 3　Understanding each other

　　1．____________ vt. 和某人打招呼（或问好）→____________ n. 问候

　　2．____________ vt. 担保，确保→____________ adj. 确信的

　　3．____________ v. 道贺，祝贺→____________ n.祝贺，贺词

　　4．____________ n. 接待，招待会→____________ vt. 接待，收到

　　5．____________ vt.& vi 调整，调节→____________ n.调整，调节→____________ adj.可调节的

　　6．____________ n. 冒犯，侮辱→____________ vt.冒犯，违反

　　7．____________ v. 庆祝，庆贺→____________ n.庆祝活动，庆典

　　8．____________ vt. 期望，期待→____________ n. 期望，盼望

　　9．____________ n.宗教→____________ adj.宗教的，虔诚的

　　10．____________ adj.轻微的→____________ adv.轻微地

　　11．____________ adj.勇敢的→____________ n. 勇敢

　　12．____________ vt.统治，支配→____________ n. 政府 ____________ n.统治者

　　13．____________ adj.神秘的，奇怪的→____________ n.神秘，神秘的事

　　14．____________ adj.音乐的→____________ n.音乐

　　1．He looks so f____________ but I can't remember his name.

　　2．Do you find it difficult to a____________ to life in this area?

　　3．The government held a party in c____________ of his successful landing on the moon.

　　4．It is very important to e____________ smooth traffic flows for bicycles.

　　5．His book has become very successful t____________ the year.

　　6．The police will permit you to come in if you have a ____________（许可证）.

　　7．Half of the honored guests invited to the ____________（招待会）were foreign ambassadors.

　　8．The two ____________（报道，陈述）of the accident don't agree.

　　9．Ann and Helen are twin sisters.No wonder they look so ____________（相像）.

　　10．The problem was how to get rid of her without causing ____________（冒犯）.

　　1．____________ soon as 一……就

　　2．drive...____________ 驱赶

　　3．adjust ____________ 调整，调节

　　4．____________ trouble（in）doing sth. 做某事有困难

　　5．get accustomed ____________ 习惯于

　　6．be familiar ____________ 对……熟悉

　　7．____________ place 发生

　　8．after ____________ 毕竟，终究

　　9．do ____________ 没有……也行

　　10．set ____________ 出发；引爆

　　11．let ____________ 更不用说

　　1．...if you came to Brunei，you would have to take off your shoes before going into someone's house.

　　……如果你来到文莱，你进别人家门之前得脱鞋。

　　句型提炼：本句为表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。从句用一般过去时，主句用过去将来时。

　　2．...while in Britain if personal fireworks are not permitted，people will just do without.

　　而在英国，如果不允许个人放烟火的话，人们就将就了。

　　句型提炼：while引导并列句，表示两者对比；do without“没有……也行”，可放句尾，后面也可加名词。

　　3．While these different forms of greetings and customs might seem strange to you，remember that what you consider normal probably seems just as unusual to others.

　　尽管这些不同形式的问候、习俗在你看来很奇怪，你要记住：你认为正常的东西在别人看来或许也是不正常的。

　　句型提炼：动词remember后面接that引导的宾语从句，that多数情况下可以省略，但是如果宾语从句里面含有其他从句，而且从句就放在that后面，that不可以省略。如果有多个宾语从句并列，只有第一个that可以省略。

　　4．They brought with them a culture rich in song，dance and art.

　　他们带来了富有歌曲、舞蹈和艺术的文化。

　　句型提炼：rich in...为形容词短语作非谓语，相当于定语从句which is rich in song，dance and art。

　　1．ensure v.确保，保证，担保；保证给予（赋予，获得）；使安全

　　He ensured that when in office all secret data would be made public.

　　他保证一旦任职将公开所有的秘密资料。

　　易混辨析ensure，guarantee辨析

　　这组词都含有一定的“保证”之意。

　　ensure “确定，保证”，强调确保某种行为一定会发生。

　　guarantee 指对某事物的品质或人的行为“提出担保”，对事物、商品等无质量、性能等方面的欺诈行为作出保证。

　　①The arrangements will ensure each side from attack by another.

　　这些安排将使各方免遭另一方的袭击。

　　②Many shopkeepers guarantee satisfaction to customers.

　　许多店主对顾客保证满意。

　　反馈1.1My watch is ______ for one year.

　　A．assured　B．insured

　　C．guaranteed

　　D．ensured

　　反馈1.2We'd like to ______ our customers of the best services.

　　A．assure

　　B．ensure

　　C．guarantee

　　D．insure

　　反馈1.3His ability will ______ success to/for him.

　　A．insure

　　B．ensure

　　C．guarantee

　　D．assure

　　2．permit v.允许、许可，准许；n.许可证，执照

　　1）permit用作及物动词，可用于以下结构：

　　permit doing sth.允许做某事

　　permit sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事

　　permit that...允许……

　　2）permit还可用作名词，意为“许可证，执照”。

　　①He would not permit the waste of a single grain.他不允许浪费一粒粮食。

　　②We don't permit smoking in the office.我们不允许在办公室里吸烟。

　　③She permitted me to borrow the book.她允许我借那本书。

　　④You must get a permit if you want to keep a gun.

　　如果你想持有一支枪，你必须弄一张许可证。

　　易混辨析permit，let和allow辨析

　　permit 和 allow 一般可以通用，但permit较正式，强调“正式许可”或“上级、文件认可”等积极意义。let 是三个词中最不正式的，较口语化，语意最弱，指“给予可能或同意”，有时含“难以阻止或限制”之意。allow 指“并不反对”，偏重“默许”，含义较消极。另外，allow sb. to do sth.也可表示“使得某人能够做某事”，相当于make it possible for sb. to do sth.；主语常为事物。

　　①No foreigner is permitted to go beyond the limit.

　　外国人不可以超越界限。

　　②Each passenger is allowed 20 kilograms of baggage.

　　每位旅客准许携带20公斤行李。

　　③Popular use of electricity allows people to spend much less time on their work.

　　电的广泛使用让人们在工作上节省很多时间。

　　反馈2.1Visitors are not permitted ______ the park after dark because of the lack of lighting.

　　A．to enterB．entering

　　C．to enter inD．entering in

　　反馈2.2—Shall I make a fair copy of it?

　　—______.

　　A．No，you don't

　　B．Yes，that's OK

　　C．Yes，if time permits

　　D．No，no need

　　反馈2.3Online posting ______ the Chinese to expose corrupt officials to the public，which they would be unable to do with ease in the physical world.

　　A．allowsB．permits

　　C．letsD．promises

　　3．accustomed adj. 习惯于……的，适应了的，通常的

　　be accustomed to...习惯于……

　　① I am not accustomed to walking long distances.

　　我不习惯于长距离的步行。

　　②The young man soon became accustomed to hard work.

　　那个年轻人很快就习惯于辛苦的工作了。

　　③He has become accustomed to his new duties.他已经适应了新的职务。

　　④He was accustomed to sleeping for an hour after lunch.

　　他习惯于在午餐后睡一个小时。

　　易混辨析be accustomed to，used to辨析

　　be accustomed to表示“习惯于”的意思，该结构中的to是介词。此外，accustom 还可以构成 “accustom oneself to”的句型，意为“使自己习惯于”，该结构中的to只能是介词。used to表示过去的习惯，to为不定式符号，后跟动词原形，只表示过去。

　　①He is accustomed to reading aloud.他习惯于大声朗读。

　　②You must accustom yourself to reading aloud.

　　你必须使自己习惯于大声朗读。

　　③This is where I used to live.

　　这是我过去曾住的地方。

　　反馈3.1Since he can't afford to eat out every day，he has to ______ himself to the hostel food.

　　A．inhabit

　　B．dispose

　　C．accustom

　　D．adopt

　　反馈3.2Accustomed to ______ in the countryside，he found it hard to adapt to city life.

　　A．living

　　B．lived

　　C．lives

　　D．have lived

　　反馈3.3Don't worry，she is accustomed to ______ like that.

　　A．being spoken to

　　B．be spoken

　　C．being spoken

　　D．speak to

　　反馈3.4—They are quiet，aren't they?

　　—Yes.They are accustomed ______ at meals.

　　A．to talk

　　B．to not talk

　　C．to talking

　　D．to not talking

　　4．familiar adj.熟悉的，熟知的，友好的，不拘礼节的（有时被人认为太放肆，不够尊重人）

　　be familiar to 为……所熟悉

　　be familiar with 熟悉，通晓，精通

　　make oneself familiar with 同……好（熟悉）起来；同……亲近起来

　　in a familiar way/style 亲切的方式/风格

　　① Are you familiar with the laws relating to trespass?

　　你熟悉关于侵入私人领地的法律吗？

　　②This nursery rhyme is very familiar to me.

　　我对这首摇篮曲很熟悉。

　　③He yearned for a sight of the old，familiar faces.

　　他渴望一见那些熟悉的老面孔。

　　④He is my familiar friend.他是我亲密的朋友。

　　⑤His voice on the phone sounded familiar to me.

　　他在电话上的声音我听起来很熟悉。

　　⑥She greeted them by their first names in a familiar way.

　　她与他们打招呼时亲切地直呼其名。

　　反馈4.1（2024·江西南昌二中月考）Though I'm familiar ______the poem，I'll try to learn it______ heart.

　　A．to；to　

　　B．to；byC．with；by　

　　D．with；to

　　反馈4.2His name is familiar ______ us.

　　A．byB．to

　　C．inD．with

　　反馈4.3 She wrote ______ a familiar style.

　　A．withB．at

　　C．byD．in

　　反馈4.4The woman guest was annoyed when she was treated in a ______ way by the waitor who didn't know her.

　　A．pleasant

　　B．familiar

　　C．special

　　D．friendly

　　5．account n.账目，账号，叙述　vt.看作，视为

　　account for 解释，是……的原因，占（比例）

　　take...into account 对……加以考虑

　　of great/no account 很∕不重要

　　on account of 由于，因为

　　on no account 决不（位于句首时句子要倒装）

　　account for 作为……对某事的解释，解释某事物的原因

　　Keep account of your daily activities.记录下你的日常活动。

　　You should keep the password of your account in mind.

　　你应该记住你的账号的密码。

　　In English law，a man is accounted innocent until he is proved guilty.

　　在英国的法律中，一个人在被证明有罪之前，被看做是清白的。

　　We delayed our departure on account of the bad weather.

　　由于糟糕的天气，我们的出发被耽搁了。

　　You should account for your bad behavior in public.

　　你应该解释一下你在公众场合的恶劣的行为。

　　You should take the expenses into account.

　　你应该把费用考虑进去。

　　反馈5.1______ should any money be given to a small child.

　　A．On no account

　　B．From all accounts

　　C．Of no account

　　D．By all accounts

　　反馈5.2He didn't pass the exam ______ his laziness.

　　A．on accounts of

　　B．on behalf of

　　C．on account of

　　D．in favor of

　　反馈5.3Recent pressure at work may account ______ his strange behavior.

　　A．with

　　B．of

　　C．for

　　D．into

　　6．let alone 别管，不打扰，更不用说

　　When Joe gets mad，just let him alone.乔发怒时不要去管他。

　　Please let my things alone.请不要干涉我的事情。

　　I can't afford a bicycle，let alone a car.

　　我连一部自行车也买不起，更不用说买小轿车了。

　　He doesn't have enough money for food，let alone amusements.

　　他连吃饭的钱都不够，更不用说娱乐了。

　　I wouldn't speak to him，let alone trust him and lend him some money.

　　我理都不愿理他，更谈不上信任他，把钱借给他了。

　　It's difficult to find a place to live in a foreign land，let alone to find a job.

　　在一个陌生地方找住的地方已很难了，更不用说是找工作了。

　　用法提示let alone译为“更不用说”，相当于一个并列连词，后面可接动词不定式、名词、动名词、介词短语及过去分词等。

　　反馈6.1Can you just ______？I'm tired of your care，Mum.

　　A．go ahead

　　B．come on

　　C．let me alone

　　D．cheer up

　　反馈6.2There isn't enough room for us，let alone ______ six dogs and a cat.

　　A．keep

　　B．to keep

　　C．keeping

　　D．/

　　反馈6.3I haven't decided on the menu yet，let alone ______ the food.

　　A．buy

　　B．to buy

　　C．bought

　　D．buying

　　7．take up 拿起，开始（做），从事，占掉（时间、空间），接受（建议或能得到的东西）

　　The people were quick to take up arms to defend their freedom.

　　人们立刻拿起武器保卫自由。