Units 3～4　Protecting ourselves &

　　Law and order

　　1．____________ vi.& vt.洗澡，沐浴 ____________ n.沐浴

　　2．____________ adj.突然的；意外的 ____________ adv.突然地

　　3．____________ vi.歧视 ____________ n.歧视

　　4．____________ adj.额外的，另外的 ____________ n.额外 ____________ adv.此外

　　5．____________ adj.无知觉的；昏迷的 ____________ adj.清醒的

　　6．____________ adj.理论上存在的，假设的 ____________ n.理论

　　7．____________ vt.评估；核定 ____________ n.评估；核定

　　8．____________ vt.使顺利，使平坦 ____________ adj.顺利的，平坦的 ____________ adv.顺利地

　　9．____________ vt.检查；审视 ____________ n.检查；审视

　　1．The a____________ change of schedule gave me lots of trouble.

　　2．Earthquakes are a d____________ threat in many parts of the world.

　　3．We are willing to pay an a____________ fee for immediate delivery.

　　4．He injured his head and was u____________ for one hour.

　　5．Money can cure hunger，but it cannot cure unhappiness.Food can satisfy the a____________，but not the soul.

　　6．It was a harmless question，but he looked at me with ____________（憎恨）.

　　7．Most tomatoes are red when ____________（成熟），but some kinds are yellow.

　　8．This kind of beauty cream is said to be able to ____________（使光滑，去除）away wrinkles.

　　9．Several years later，they heard that Napoleon himself was coming to ____________（检查）them.

　　10．Nothing can ____________（补偿）her for the loss of her husband.

　　1．____________ to 与……正相反

　　2．be ____________ in 积极从事

　　3．have ____________ to 接近，靠近

　　4．be ____________ for 是……的简写

　　5．in some ____________ 在某些情况下

　　6．____________ in 最终

　　7．____________ the life out of 耗尽……的生命力

　　8．____________ away 擦去（眼泪等）

　　9．keep ____________ with 赶上

　　10．set ____________ 释放

　　11．____________ on the scene 突然出现

　　12．____________ and development 研发

　　13．put into ____________ 实行；实施

　　1．Contrary to what many people think，HIV cannot be spread through mosquitoes，a cough or sneeze，or by merely touching someone with Aids.

　　与很多人想象的正相反，HIV不可能通过蚊子、咳嗽、打喷嚏，或者仅仅与艾滋病人接触来传播的。

　　句型提炼：be contrary to与……正相反。what many people think这里作介词to的宾语。

　　2．While losing one's parents to this disease seems terrible and unfair，Ajani and his sister are fortunate.

　　尽管父母死于这种疾病是可怕、不公平的，可是Ajani和他的妹妹是幸运的。

　　句型提炼：while引导让步状语从句时往往位于句首。

　　3．If everyone in the world spent just a penny on it，we could make a really big difference!

　　假如全球每个人都能为此投入一便士，那么我们也会做出很大的贡献。

　　句型提炼：句中无论主句还是从句都是用了过去时，这是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。make a difference有影响；有所作为。

　　4．Do not leave any medicine lying around in the house so that children can get it.

　　千万不要将药品随便放在家里，这样孩子会够到。

　　句型提炼：do not分开是为了强调。leave sth.＋介词 / 现在分词 / 过去分词/形容词等，表示“使某物处于……状态”；so that这里不是引导目的状语，而是结果状语。

　　5．Considering how bad the situation with cybercrime against companies has become，many people wonder why so little is known about this.

　　考虑到针对公司的网络犯罪形势非常严峻，许多人不懂为什么他们对此了解不多。

　　句型提炼：how bad the situation with cybercrime against companies has become和why so little is known about this都是宾语从句，注意从句的语序要用陈述语序。

　　1．wipe away 擦去（眼泪等）

　　I cannot but wipe away my tears and change the tune of my song.

　　我只能拭去眼泪，更改我歌声的曲调。

　　If I have caused just one person wipe away his tear，that's my reward.

　　哪怕我只能让一个人擦去眼泪，那就是我得到的报答。

　　Time cannot wipe away the sadness and heartache，but there was never regret.

　　时间洗刷不了悲伤与心酸，但是永远不会存在后悔。

　　How I would love to be able to hold my kids，wipe away their tears，and share their dreams.

　　我多想能够抱起我的孩子，擦干他们的眼泪，分享他们的梦想。

　　用法拓展 含有away的短语

　　blow away 吹走

　　break away 摆脱，脱离

　　break away from...脱离……，奋力挣脱……

　　cut away 切除，剪去

　　carry away 拿走，使入迷

　　clear away 清除掉，消散

　　die away 逐渐消失

　　get away 移走，拿走，逃脱，逃离

　　give away 赠送，给予，背弃，泄露，分发

　　go away 走开，离去

　　keep away from 避开，别靠近

　　pass away 去世，死（委婉说法）

　　put away 将某物收拾起来，存钱，储存

　　take away 拿走，使离开

　　turn ... away 赶走……，辞退……，把……打发走

　　throw away 扔掉

　　It's time to put away those foolish ideas and become serious.

　　是打消那些愚蠢想法，认真对待的时候了。

　　It will be easier to keep the environment clean if we don't throw away so much waste.

　　如果我们不扔掉这么多废弃物，保持环境清洁会更容易一些。

　　反馈1.1（2024·山东莱州一中质量检测）As a matter of fact，most shoplifters ______ by constantly looking around for cameras.

　　A．show themselves away

　　B．put themselves away

　　C．bring themselves away

　　D．give themselves away

　　反馈1.2（2024·山东潍坊三县联合阶段性检测）He took pity on the people in the flooded areas and ______ his clothes and quilts to them.

　　A．gave awayB．gave off

　　C．sent outD．threw away

　　反馈1.3While new fashions are developing，some young people find it hard to ______ from some old traditions insisted on by their parents.

　　A．cut awayB．carry away

　　C．break awayD．go away

　　反馈1.4Bill Gates was so nice that he decided to ______ ninety percent of his money to the charities.

　　A．give upB．give away

　　C．give outD．give off

　　2．Drugs in this class can decrease the heart rate，make users sleepy and may give users an artificial sense of pleasure——though this effect fades after a time.

　　这种毒品会降低心率，让人恹恹欲睡，还会给服用者带来非真实的快乐感，尽管这种影响过一段时间会消失。

　　and 是英语中极其普通的单词，但因其语义丰富，用法灵活，在考试中出现的频率较高。

　　（1）表示并列或对称的关系。and可以用来连接语法作用相同的词、短语或句子，可译为“和”“并”“又”等。

　　Lucy and I go to school five days a week.

　　我和露西每周上五天课。（连接两个并列主语）

　　You must look after yourself and keep healthy.

　　你必须照顾自己并保持身体健康。（连接两个并列谓语）

　　They teach us Chinese and we teach them English.

　　他们教我们汉语，我们教他们英语。（连接两个简单句）

　　如果连接两个以上的词语，通常把and放在最后一个词语前面；为了强调，可在两者之间分别加上and；把词语连接起来时，通常把较短的词语放在前面。

　　I like eggs，meat，rice，bread and milk.

　　我喜欢鸡蛋、肉、米饭、面包和牛奶。

　　All that afternoon I jumped and sang and did all kinds of things.

　　那天整个下午我又唱又跳，做各种各样的事情。

　　The apples are big and delicious.

　　那些苹果又大又好吃。

　　（2）表示目的。在口语中，and常用在go，come，try等动词后连接另一个动词，表示目的。此时and相当于 to，不必译出。

　　Come and meet the family.

　　来见见这家人。

　　（3）表示条件和结果。在祈使句后，常用and连接一个简单句，表示条件与结果的关系，它们在语法上是并列关系，但在意义上却是主从关系，也可译为“如果……就……”。

　　Work hard and you will live happily.＝If you work hard，you will live happily.

　　如果你努力工作，你就会活得愉快。

　　（4）表示承接关系。and用在句首，起承上启下的作用，可译为“因此”“那么”“于是”等，也可不译。

　　And what's this?

　　那么这是什么呢？

　　And the air today is nice and clean.

　　今天的空气真清新。

　　（5）表示动词的先后关系。and常用来连接两个动词或动词词组，后一个动词所表示的动作发生得迟一点。此时and相当于then, 可译为“然后”。Then he got out of the lift and climbed up to the fifteenth floor on foot.

　　于是他从电梯里走出来，然后步行爬上第15层楼。

　　（6）表示动作上的伴随关系。and连接两个动词，动作同时发生，前一个动词表示姿势或状态，后一个动词表示伴随动作，此时and 相当于while，可译为“边……边……”。

　　They talked and laughed happily.

　　他们愉快地边谈边笑。

　　（7）表示因果关系。and连接两个动词或两个分句，带有因果关系，此时and相当于so，可译为“便”“于是”“因而” “结果”等。

　　She couldn't find her mother and began to cry.

　　她找不到妈妈，于是哭了起来。

　　（8）表示意义上的增补。and连接两个分句，第二个分句是第一个分句的补充或进一步说明，可译为“又”“同时”等。

　　Don't be late—and put on your old clothes.

　　别迟到——还要穿上你的旧衣服。

　　（9）表示递进与转折。and表示转折时，相当于but，但语气较弱，可译为“而且”“可是”“不过” 或不译。

　　I mean you eat too much，and you don't take enough exercise.

　　我的意思是你吃得太多，而且运动得不够。

　　（10）表示强调，加强语气。用and 连接两个相同的动词表示动作的反复；用and连接两个相同的副词，表示动作的延续；用and连接同一个形容词或副词的比较级，表示程度的逐步加深。

　　The baby laughed and laughed.

　　这个婴儿笑个不停。

　　She looked at me and cried harder and harder.

　　她看着我，哭得越来越厉害。

　　（11）and有时连接两个反义词。and连接的两个反义词在句中作状语或后置定语，这两个词的次序不得颠倒。

　　He uses a lift to go up and down.

　　他乘电梯上下楼。

　　反馈2.1（2024·江苏启东中学期中）______ over everything whenever we want to make a decision，many people believe，and we will have less chance of making mistakes.

　　A．To think　B．Think

　　C．Thinking

　　D．Thought

　　反馈2.2（2024·河南洛阳市年级期中）______ you would have to go away.

　　A．One more word and

　　B．Say another word

　　C．With more words and

　　D．Say more words

　　反馈2.3（2024·山东聊城上学期期中）______and I'll get my assignment finished.

　　A．Have one more hour

　　B．One more hour

　　C．Given one more hour

　　D．If I have one more hour

　　反馈2.4（2024·山东兖州入学检测）—How can I wake up so early?

　　—Set the alarm at 5：00 am______ you will make it.

　　A．and

　　B．but

　　C．or

　　D．so

　　反馈2.5The soldier raised his gun and calmly ______ it at the enemy commander，fired.

　　A．aiming

　　B．aimed

　　C．to aim

　　D．aim

　　反馈2.6（2024·山东实验中学第三次诊断性测试）Value every hour in the early morning，______ you will find yourself rushing your work in the rest of the day.

　　A．and

　　B．for

　　C．or

　　D．but

　　反馈2.7The manager finished the whole day's work and stood up，______himself.

　　A．stretching

　　B．stretched

　　C．stretch

　　D．to stretch

　　反馈2.8The teacher said only a few students cheated in the exam and that ______ were honest.

　　A．most

　　B．the most

　　C．a most

　　D．most of whom反馈2.9She set out soon after dark ______ home an hour later.

　　A．arriving

　　B．to arriveC．having arrived

　　D．and arrived

　　反馈2.10 The man stood at the doorway，______ who he should talk to，and then went directly to me.

　　A．wondered

　　B．to wonder

　　C．wondering

　　D．and wondered

　　反馈2.11 ______ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.

　　A．Giving

　　B．Give

　　C．Given

　　D．To give

　　反馈2.12 It was snowing heavily，and ______ kept me indoors the whole day.

　　A．this

　　B．so that

　　C．which

　　D．as

　　3．For example，some criminals use the Internet to cheat others of their money.

　　例如，有些罪犯利用网络骗取别人的钱财。

　　cheat sb.of sth.骗取某人某物

　　They cheated the old woman of her house and money.

　　他们骗取了老妇人的房屋和钱财。His father was cheated of his land.他的父亲被人骗走了土地。

　　用法拓展 类似短语

　　accuse sb.of（doing）sth.指控某人（做）某事

　　cure sb.of 治愈某人

　　convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事

　　inform sb.of sth.告知某人某事

　　remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某事

　　rid sb.of 使某人摆脱……

　　warn sb.of 警告某人……

　　Remind your boss of the contribution you make and ask for a pay rise.

　　向你的老板提醒你对公司作出的贡献，并要求加薪。

　　反馈3.1（2024·福建师大附中期中）What you said just now ______ me of that American professor.