2024高考英语二轮阅读理解讲与练（答案）--购物、饮食与健康（1）

　　【黄冈中学期中测试】

　　Doomed beauties such as Cleopata and Manilyn Monroe were far from alone in their misery. Very attractive people tend to form partnerships that are less stable and satisfying than those enjoyed by plain_Janes .

　　According to the research by Dr John Blaine of the University of Southern California, relationships between people whose professions largely depend on their appearance, such as models or actors, tend to end much faster than those between lawyers, doctors and students.

　　Blaine said the beautiful felt different from children. They are treated as special, which may create both arrogance (傲慢)and insecurity. All too often, beauty can be used as an alternative to education. Often they are pushed out of their class or town, told to go off and make their fortune in Hollywood or London and, when the majority fail, they have few talents to make a living.

　　Blaine added that beautiful people score poorly on the “big five”—the key factors American experts consider when helping distressed couples. These are neuroticism(神经过敏)，including anger and anxiety; extroversion(性格外向)；openness to new experiences; agreeableness; conscientiousness, and sticking by agreements they have made. Attractive people often see no reason to try to change until their looks start to fade.

　　Krista Sutherlanf, of the University of California Los Angeles, said partnerships that appeared to be perfect from the outside, such as the former “dream teams” of Nicole Kidman and Tom Cruise or Hugh Grant and Elizabeth Hurley, where backgrounds and aspirations(抱负) are often shared ，did not necessarily lead to happiness.

　　1．What can we infer from the first sentence of the passage?

　　A．Beautiful women always felt lonely.

　　B．Beautiful women were always alone.

　　C．Many beautiful women didn’t end up with a happy life.

　　D．Beautiful women always lived a happy life.

　　2．The underlined phrase “plain Janes” in the passage refers to“________”．

　　A．ordinarylooking women

　　B．women called Jane

　　C．common people

　　D．attractive women

　　3．We can infer from the passage that________.

　　A．Hugh Grant and Elizabeth Hurley were a couple

　　B．Nicole Kidman and Tom Cruise were very satisfied with their life

　　C．when they fail in Hollywood, the beautiful have little trouble in making a living

　　D．the marriage of the beautiful often lasts long

　　4．Which of the following is the best title?

　　A．Five key factors affecting the partnership

　　B．Beauties are doomed to fail in love

　　C．Beautiful or common?

　　D．The beauties are different

　　【解题导语】　本文为议论文，作者论证了这样一个观点：美女并不幸福。

　　1. 答案C

　　解析：考查推理判断。第一段说漂亮的人，其partnership 往往不如普通人的稳定和让人满意，由此判断，文章开头说“克莱奥帕特拉和玛丽莲?梦露等美女的悲惨命运绝非个例”意在表明“很多美女的生活都不幸福”。

　　2. 答案A

　　解析：考查词义猜测题。从语境看，画线部分的plain Janes 指与前面提到的美女相对的、相貌平常的女性，因此选A。

　　3. 答案A

　　解析：考查推理判断。最后一段说，外界看上去很完美的关系，比如……未必最终有幸福的结局。再结合上文论述可判断Hugh Grant和Elizabeth Hurley是夫妻关系，故选A，其他选项都与文章内容不符。

　　4. 答案B

　　解析：考查主旨大意。文章主要论述了美女命运多舛的观点，并分析了其中的原因，故B项最适合为本文标题。

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　　大特点。

　　2. 购物与环保问题的结合。

　　3. 指导如何很好的购物，提供使用建议。

　　4. 假日旅游等的购物和饮食问题。

　　5. 饮食安全问题的曝光以及人们如何注意饮食安全问题。

　　5．如何保持健康的身体，快乐的心情，构建心理健康。

　　6．饮食与健康的关系。

　　7. 肥胖，睡眠，早餐等与饮食和健康有关的话题。

　　·链接高考– the slowest time periods of the week for general television viewing. Sport events are the most popular weekend programs, especially among male viewers who may not watch much television at other times during the week. This means the television networks are able to sell advertising time at relatively high prices during what normally would be dead time for programming.

　　Media corporations also use sports to attract commercial sponsors that might take their advertising dollars elsewhere if television stations did not report certain sports. The people in the advertising departments of major corporations realize that sports attract male viewers. They also realize that most business travelers are men and that many men make family decisions on the purchases of computers, cars and life insurance.

　　Golf and tennis are special cases for television programming. These sports attract few viewers, and the ratings (收视率) are unusually low. However, the audience for these sports is attractive to certain advertisers. It is made up of people from the highest income groups in the United States, including many lawyers and business managers, This is why television reporting of golf and tennis is sponsored by companies selling high-priced cars, business and personal computers, and holiday trips. This is also why the networks continue to carry there programs regardless of low ratings. Advertisers are willing to pay high fees to reach high-income consumers and those managers who make decisions to buy thousands of “company cars” and computers. With such viewers, these programs don’t need high ratings to stay on the air.

　　41. Television sport programs on weekend afternoons ________.

　　A. result in more sport events

　　B. get more viewers to play sports

　　C. make more people interested in television

　　D. bring more money to the television networks

　　42. Why would weekend afternoons become dead time without sport programs?

　　A. Because there would be few viewers.

　　B. Because the advertisers would be off work.

　　C. Because television programs would go slowly.

　　D. Because viewers would pay less for watching television.

　　43. In many families, men make decisions on ________.

　　A. holiday trips

　　B. sports viewing

　　C. televisions shopping

　　D. expensive purchases

　　44. The ratings are not important for golf and tennis programs because ________.

　　A. their advertisers are carmakers

　　B. their viewers are attracted by sports

　　C. their advertisers target at rich people

　　D. their viewers can afford expensive cars

　　45. What is the passage mainly about?

　　A. Television ratings are determined by male viewers.

　　B. Rich viewers contribute most to television companies.

　　C. Sports are gaining importance in advertising on television.

　　D. Commercial advertisers are the major sponsors of sport events.

　　【难度】一般

　　链接2 .（2024江苏卷）

　　Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the body—and the body from them—until they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger(引发) this release, including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can come with their own risks—burns, for example. Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near-infrared light (NIR,近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.

　　The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isn't new. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb cither ultraviolet (UV,紫外线) or visible light. But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds(化合物) absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes.

　　That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available NIR-absorbing group called o-nitrobenzyl (ONB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. But ONB is only a so-so NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.

　　So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules that's even better. This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive(易反应的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a light-absorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. What's more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells.

　　63. According to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger?

　　A. Temperature change. B. NIR light.

　　C. Acidity change. D. UV light.

　　64. Why in ONB unsatisfactory?

　　A. It breaks down when it absorbs NIR light.

　　B. It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.

　　C. It has not come onto the market up till now.

　　D. It is not effective enough and could be poisonous.

　　65. Which word can be used to complete the following process of changes?

　　A. Protected

　　B. formed C. exposed D. combined

　　【考点】科技问—说明文

　　【文章大意】。本文是一篇科技文，围绕“怎样使用胶囊，让吃药更加安全、疗效好”这个主题展开研究。

　　63.【答案】B

　　【试题解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near-infrared light on the drug in the capsule.”可知，应选B项。

　　【难度】一般

　　64.【答案】D

　　【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句中“…ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown”和“…and it could be poisonous to cells…”可知，应选D项。

　　【难度】较难

　　65.【答案】C

　　【试题解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段第五句中“When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed…”可知此处用exposed，即C项正确。

　　【难度】一般

　　【长难句解析】

　　Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb cither ultraviolet (UV,紫外线) or visible light.

　　本句是polymers (聚合物) and other materials的定语从句， when 引导的时间状语从句。

　　This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive(易反应的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature

　　本句是called动词过去分词做后置定语，修饰a long chain of compounds. 后面是reactive(易反应的) components的定语从句

　　链接2 . （2024陕西卷）

　　Eating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe.

　　Previous studies have linked high exposure(暴露) to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problems, but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中风) within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染)were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers to be of "moderate" (良好) quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.

　　The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.

　　53. The text mainly discusses the relationship between

　　A. heart problems and air quality

　　B. heart problems and exercising

　　C heart problems and smoking D. heart problems and fatty food

　　54. The underlined word "modest" in Paragraph 3 most probably means

　　A. relatively high B. extremely low

　　C relatively low D. extremely high

　　55. What can we learn from the text?

　　A. Eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart.

　　B. The EPA conducted many studies on air quality.

　　C. Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking.

　　D. Stricter regulations on pollutants should be made.

　　56. The author's purpose of writing the text is most likely to

　　.

　　A. inform B. persuade C describe . D. entertain

　　【考点】说明文

　　【文章大意】吃太多高脂肪的食物，运动太少，吸烟可引发心脏疾病。但还有另一个因素improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.”。由此可推测，D选项内容符合题意。因此，正确答案为D选项。

　　【难度】一般

　　56.【答案】A

　　【试题解析】浏览全文，作者写这篇文章的目的实际上就是为了告之人们心脏病与空气质量之间的关系，A选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为A选项。

　　【难度】一般

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