强化训练12

　　虚拟语气

　　（时间：分钟）

　　Ⅰ.单项选择(每题1分，共20分)

　　1(2024·北京卷)We ________the difficulty together，but why didn't you tell me?

　　C．could have faced

　　D．must have faced

　　答案　C　[题干的意思是：“我们原本可以一起面对困难的，可是，你为什么不告诉我呢？”由but和didn't可知，此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的主句形式为could/would/should/might have done，所以C项正确。A项和B项都是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，可排除；D项表示推测，故排除。]

　　(2024·福建卷)We lost our way in that small village，otherwise we ________ more places of interest yesterday.

　　C．would visit

　　D．would have visited

　　答案　D　[句意：我们在那个小村庄迷了路，否则我们昨天就能浏览更多的名胜了。对于句中的otherwise“否则，要不然”它引起的虚拟语气属于含蓄型，由句中的时间状语yesterday可知是与过去的事实相反，此时主句用would have done形式。 ]

　　(2024·北京西城期末考试)________ more energy to my study instead of being crazy about Internet games，I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.

　　C．Would I be devoted

　　D．Should I be devoted

　　答案　B　[考查倒装及虚拟语气。此处为省略if的虚拟条件句，因从句表示与过去的事实相反，谓语动词应使用过去完成时，此题是将had提至句首且省略if，故B。]

　　(2024·西安一检)I was busy the other day，otherwise I ________ to help you.

　　C．had come

　　D．came

　　答案　A　[考查虚拟语气。句意：前些天我很忙，否则我会来帮助你的。后半句是虚拟语气，再结合前半句的时态可知此处是对过去情况的虚拟，have done”结构。]

　　(2010·江苏卷)George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I'd rather he ________more on its culture.

　　C．would focus

　　D．had focused

　　答案　B　[考查虚拟语气。would rather后的宾语从句的谓语动词用过去式，表示对现在或将来事实的虚拟。]

　　，I ________the first prize in the English Writing Competition.

　　C．would win

　　D．would have won

　　答案　B　[考查虚拟语气。句中But for一词给出了暗示：没有英语老师的帮助，自己不会在英语写作竞赛中获奖是对过去的虚拟，谓语用情态动词＋have done结构，而D项逻辑错误。]

　　(2024·长沙一模)—Andrew has flew to Paris.

　　，how I wish he ________to my birthday party tonight.

　　C．could come

　　D．would have come

　　答案　C　[考查虚拟语气。根据语境可知，Andrew已经去了巴黎，今晚不可能参加说话人的生日聚会了，故这里是对发生在将来情况的虚拟。wish后的宾语从句，若表示将来不能实现的愿望，谓语用would/might/could＋动词原形，故选C。]

　　(2024·温州二模)Look at the trouble we're in.If only we ________our teacher's advice!

　　C．would have taken

　　D．had taken

　　答案　D　[考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知我们已经陷入了困境，老师提建议是发生在过去，因此本题的虚拟语气是与过去的事实相反，故选择had taken。if only表示“要是……就好了”。]

　　(2024·宁夏联考)The story is so descriptive—I feel as if I ________there.

　　C．am

　　D．have been

　　答案　B　[考查虚拟语气。根据语意“这个故事如此生动，我感觉好像身临其境一样”可知，空处是对现在事实的虚拟，故谓语动词用were，答案选B项。]

　　(2024·杭高月考)—Want to ride on the roller coaster?

　　！I ________on the roller coaster even if you paid me a million dollars!

　　B．would have ridden

　　C．would ride

　　D．wouldn't have ridden

　　答案　A　[考查虚拟语气。与现实相反的假设，even if从句中要用过去时，主句中用would＋动词原形，因此在A、C中选结合语意“给我一百万美元，我也不坐过山车”可知要用否定形式，故选A。]

　　(2024·重庆市七区联考)________he driven more carefully，the accident would not have happened the other day.

　　C．Has

　　D．Would have

　　答案　B　[考查虚拟语气由the other day可知，这里是对过去的虚拟if从句中要用过去完成时态，而当if被省略时，该从句中的had要置于句首构成倒装。]

　　(2024·辽宁丹东四校联考)________，it would be silly to argue any longer.

　　C．Should that be true

　　D．Could that be true

　　答案　C　[考查虚拟语气的用法。空白处为对将来不确定的虚拟的if从句，谓语动词应用过去式/should＋＋，结合各选项可知，省掉if后should提前构成倒装。]

　　—He looks hot and dry.

　　—So ________you if you had a temperature of 40℃.

　　A．may

　　B．would

　　C．must

　　D．should

　　答案　B　[答语用了倒装句式，相当于“You would look hot and dry too if you had a temperature of 40℃.”。同时，由had可知是对现在情况的虚拟，主句应用would＋动词原形。]

　　________a sudden loud noise.

　　A．would there be

　　B．should there be

　　C．there was

　　D．there having been

　　答案　B　[根据语意，原句应为．..if there should be a sudden loud noise，if虚拟条件句中有should时，可以把if省略，should提前，构成倒装结构，据此选B项。]

　　，they ________the plane.

　　C．would have caught

　　D．will have caught

　　答案　C　[Ten minutes earlier相当于虚拟条件句If they had left ten minutes earlier，是对过去情况的相反假设，因此空格处用would have done结构，表示与过去事实相反。]

　　—Well，if you ________to the teacher carefully yesterday，you ________how to do it now.

　　；would know

　　；would have known

　　；know

　　；knew

　　答案　A　[句意：——告诉我怎么做这道练习题，好吗？——如果你昨天认真听讲，现在你就知道怎么做了。根据语境，答语要用虚拟语气，注意该if条件从句表示与过去事实相反，而主句则表示与现在事实相反。故选A项。]

　　________ice cream on the beach if his father______last year，leaving nothing but debts.

　　；should die

　　；had not died

　　；had not died

　　；had died

　　答案　C　[句意：如果不是他父亲去年去世了，只是留下了债务的话，他现在就不用在海滩上卖冰激凌了。这个句子使用了混合虚拟语气，主句表示与现在事实相反，故谓语用“情态动词＋had＋过去分词”的形式，因此选C项。]

　　，we ________in Beijing earlier.

　　C．could arrive

　　D．should have arrived

　　答案　D　[but for表示对过去的含蓄虚拟，句子的谓语应用“情态动have done”结构。]

　　，you ________in trouble now.

　　C．would not be

　　D．would not have been

　　答案　C　[由从句时态可知从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，由now可知，主句表示与现在事实相反的假设，因此，主句谓语动词应该用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”。句意：你要是早听我的话，现在你就不会遇到这么大的麻烦了。]

　　________rudely to her yesterday.

　　A．you not speak

　　B．you not speaking

　　C．you didn't speak

　　D．you hadn't spoken

　　答案　D　[would rather后跟从句，表示主语“宁愿……”，这时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语]

　　Ⅱ.试说新语(每题1分，共7分)

　　(熟义：写出；下来，使下来)

　　________

　　22．given(＝considering)(熟义：被给

　　Given the general state of his health，it may take him a while to recover from the operation.________

　　23．glare(熟义：怒目而视)

　　________

　　24．as good as(熟义：与……一样好)

　　________

　　25．govern(熟义：管理；控制)

　　________

　　26．grade(熟义：年级)

　　________

　　Eggs are graded from small to extra-large.

　　________

　　27．green(熟义：绿色的，青的)

　　________

　　答案　21.使情绪低落；身体虚弱　22.考虑到　23.发出刺眼的光　24.差不多，几乎　25.影响；支配　等级，分数；分等级；给分数　27.(pl.)绿色蔬菜

　　强化训练12

　　虚拟语气

　　（时间：分钟）

　　Ⅰ.单项选择(每题1分，共20分)

　　1(2024·北京卷)We ________the difficulty together，but why didn't you tell me?

　　C．could have faced

　　D．must have faced

　　答案　C　[题干的意思是：“我们原本可以一起面对困难的，可是，你为什么不告诉我呢？”由but和didn't可知，此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的主句形式为could/would/should/might have done，所以C项正确。A项和B项都是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，可排除；D项表示推测，故排除。]

　　(2024·福建卷)We lost our way in that small village，otherwise we ________ more places of interest yesterday.

　　C．would visit

　　D．would have visited

　　答案　D　[句意：我们在那个小村庄迷了路，否则我们昨天就能浏览更多的名胜了。对于句中的otherwise“否则，要不然”它引起的虚拟语气属于含蓄型，由句中的时间状语yesterday可知是与过去的事实相反，此时主句用would have done形式。 ]

　　(2024·北京西城期末考试)________ more energy to my study instead of being crazy about Internet games，I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.

　　C．Would I be devoted

　　D．Should I be devoted

　　答案　B　[考查倒装及虚拟语气。此处为省略if的虚拟条件句，因从句表示与过去的事实相反，谓语动词应使用过去完成时，此题是将had提至句首且省略if，故B。]

　　(2024·西安一检)I was busy the other day，otherwise I ________ to help you.

　　C．had come

　　D．came

　　答案　A　[考查虚拟语气。句意：前些天我很忙，否则我会来帮助你的。后半句是虚拟语气，再结合前半句的时态可知此处是对过去情况的虚拟，have done”结构。]

　　(2010·江苏卷)George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I'd rather he ________more on its culture.

　　C．would focus

　　D．had focused

　　答案　B　[考查虚拟语气。would rather后的宾语从句的谓语动词用过去式，表示对现在或将来事实的虚拟。]

　　，I ________the first prize in the English Writing Competition.

　　C．would win

　　D．would have won

　　答案　B　[考查虚拟语气。句中But for一词给出了暗示：没有英语老师的帮助，自己不会在英语写作竞赛中获奖是对过去的虚拟，谓语用情态动词＋have done结构，而D项逻辑错误。]

　　(2024·长沙一模)—Andrew has flew to Paris.

　　，how I wish he ________to my birthday party tonight.

　　C．could come

　　D．would have come

　　答案　C　[考查虚拟语气。根据语境可知，Andrew已经去了巴黎，今晚不可能参加说话人的生日聚会了，故这里是对发生在将来情况的虚拟。wish后的宾语从句，若表示将来不能实现的愿望，谓语用would/might/could＋动词原形，故选C。]

　　(2024·温州二模)Look at the trouble we're in.If only we ________our teacher's advice!

　　C．would have taken

　　D．had taken

　　答案　D　[考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知我们已经陷入了困境，老师提建议是发生在过去，因此本题的虚拟语气是与过去的事实相反，故选择had taken。if only表示“要是……就好了”。]

　　(2024·宁夏联考)The story is so descriptive—I feel as if I ________there.

　　C．am

　　D．have been

　　答案　B　[考查虚拟语气。根据语意“这个故事如此生动，我感觉好像身临其境一样”可知，空处是对现在事实的虚拟，故谓语动词用were，答案选B项。]

　　(2024·杭高月考)—Want to ride on the roller coaster?

　　！I ________on the roller coaster even if you paid me a million dollars!

　　B．would have ridden

　　C．would ride

　　D．wouldn't have ridden

　　答案　A　[考查虚拟语气。与现实相反的假设，even if从句中要用过去时，主句中用would＋动词原形，因此在A、C中选结合语意“给我一百万美元，我也不坐过山车”可知要用否定形式，故选A。]

　　(2024·重庆市七区联考)________he driven more carefully，the accident would not have happened the other day.

　　C．Has

　　D．Would have

　　答案　B　[考查虚拟语气由the other day可知，这里是对过去的虚拟if从句中要用过去完成时态，而当if被省略时，该从句中的had要置于句首构成倒装。]

　　(2024·辽宁丹东四校联考)________，it would be silly to argue any longer.

　　C．Should that be true

　　D．Could that be true

　　答案　C　[考查虚拟语气的用法。空白处为对将来不确定的虚拟的if从句，谓语动词应用过去式/should＋＋，结合各选项可知，省掉if后should提前构成倒装。]

　　—He looks hot and dry.

　　—So ________you if you had a temperature of 40℃.

　　A．may

　　B．would

　　C．must

　　D．should

　　答案　B　[答语用了倒装句式，相当于“You would look hot and dry too if you had a temperature of 40℃.”。同时，由had可知是对现在情况的虚拟，主句应用would＋动词原形。]

　　________a sudden loud noise.

　　A．would there be

　　B．should there be

　　C．there was

　　D．there having been

　　答案　B　[根据语意，原句应为．..if there should be a sudden loud noise，if虚拟条件句中有should时，可以把if省略，should提前，构成倒装结构，据此选B项。]

　　，they ________the plane.

　　C．would have caught

　　D．will have caught

　　答案　C　[Ten minutes earlier相当于虚拟条件句If they had left ten minutes earlier，是对过去情况的相反假设，因此空格处用would have done结构，表示与过去事实相反。]

　　—Well，if you ________to the teacher carefully yesterday，you ________how to do it now.

　　；would know

　　；would have known

　　；know

　　；knew

　　答案　A　[句意：——告诉我怎么做这道练习题，好吗？——如果你昨天认真听讲，现在你就知道怎么做了。根据语境，答语要用虚拟语气，注意该if条件从句表示与过去事实相反，而主句则表示与现在事实相反。故选A项。]

　　________ice cream on the beach if his father______last year，leaving nothing but debts.

　　；should die

　　；had not died

　　；had not died

　　；had died

　　答案　C　[句意：如果不是他父亲去年去世了，只是留下了债务的话，他现在就不用在海滩上卖冰激凌了。这个句子使用了混合虚拟语气，主句表示与现在事实相反，故谓语用“情态动词＋had＋过去分词”的形式，因此选C项。]

　　，we ________in Beijing earlier.

　　C．could arrive

　　D．should have arrived

　　答案　D　[but for表示对过去的含蓄虚拟，句子的谓语应用“情态动have done”结构。]

　　，you ________in trouble now.

　　C．would not be

　　D．would not have been

　　答案　C　[由从句时态可知从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，由now可知，主句表示与现在事实相反的假设，因此，主句谓语动词应该用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”。句意：你要是早听我的话，现在你就不会遇到这么大的麻烦了。]

　　________rudely to her yesterday.

　　A．you not speak

　　B．you not speaking

　　C．you didn't speak

　　D．you hadn't spoken

　　答案　D　[would rather后跟从句，表示主语“宁愿……”，这时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语]

　　Ⅱ.试说新语(每题1分，共7分)

　　(熟义：写出；下来，使下来)

　　________

　　22．given(＝considering)(熟义：被给

　　Given the general state of his health，it may take him a while to recover from the operation.________

　　23．glare(熟义：怒目而视)

　　________

　　24．as good as(熟义：与……一样好)

　　________

　　25．govern(熟义：管理；控制)

　　________

　　26．grade(熟义：年级)

　　________

　　Eggs are graded from small to extra-large.

　　________

　　27．green(熟义：绿色的，青的)

　　________

　　答案　21.使情绪低落；身体虚弱　22.考虑到　23.发出刺眼的光　24.差不多，几乎　25.影响；支配　等级，分数；分等级；给分数　27.(pl.)绿色蔬菜