8. — Your phone number again. I ______ quite catch it.

　　— It's 4331577.

　　A. didn't

　　B. couldn't

　　C. don't

　　D. can't 【解析】选A。此题容易误选C，认为此处要用一般现在时态，表示现在“没听清对方的话”。其实，答案应选A，根据上文的语境“请把你的电话号码再说一遍好吗？”，可知“没听清对方的电话号码”应是在说此话以前，故应用一般过去时态。 9. — Please don't make a noise.

　　— ______. I'll be as quiet as a mouse.

　　A. Yes, I do

　　B. No, I don't

　　C. Yes, I will

　　D. No, I won't 【解析】选D。有的同学由于受前一句don't 的影响，认为下文的答句应选A或B，这些同学主要是忽略了上文的真实语境： 上文是一个祈使句，而祈使句表示的时间应是“将来”，这从空格后的 I'll be…这个将来时态也可看出。另外，从 I'll be as quiet as a mouse 这一语境来看，此题的最佳答案应选D而不选C。No, I won't. 为 No, I won't make any noise.之省略。 10. I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I ______ too busy.

　　A. was

　　B. had been

　　C. would be

　　D. would have been 【解析】选A。此题容易误选B或D，认为前句用了had hoped，所以此句谓语要用B或D与之呼应。正确答案为A。前一句谓语用had hoped，表示的是过去未曾实现的想法或打算，可以译为“本想”，而后一句说“我太忙”，这是陈述过去的一个事实，所以要用一般过去时。 第5讲

　　动词的时态和语态

　　英语中，动词有16种时态，而湖南高考要求考生掌握10种时态，它们是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时以及现在完成进行时。 Ⅰ. 动词的时态 考点1：一般现在时与现在进行时

　　“Life is like walking in the snow，” Granny used to say, “because every step ______.”(2024·全国新课标卷 23)

　　A. has shown

　　B. is showing

　　C. shows

　　D. showed 【解析】选 C。此处是直接引语。句子的内容是生活哲理，所以用一般现在时。句意： 奶奶过去常常说： “人生就像在雪中行走，因为每一步都看得见(留下了你的足迹)。” 考点2：现在完成时与一般过去时

　　It is the most instructive lecture that I ______ since I came to this school. (2011·湖南卷30)

　　A. attended

　　B. had attended

　　C. am attending

　　D. have attended

　　【解析】选D。句意：自从我来了这所学校以后，这是我听过的最有教育意义的一场讲座。这里考查了定语从句和时态两个知识点。因为前面的谓语动词是is，并且谈论的是从过去开始持续到现在的一段时间里发生的动作，所以用现在完成时。故选D。 考点3：过去进行时与一般过去时 — That must have been a long trip.

　　— Yeah, it ______ us a whole week to get there. (2011·北京卷27)

　　A. takes

　　B. has taken

　　C. took

　　D. was taking 【解析】选C 。 根据上句must have been可知trip发生在过去，因此第二句选用一般过去时took。句意：——那一定是一次漫长的旅行。——是啊，我们花了整整一星期才到达那儿。 考点4：过去完成时与一般过去时

　　After Jack had sent some e-mails, he ______ working on his project. (2024·山东卷 28)

　　A. had started

　　B. has started

　　C. started

　　D. starts

　　【解析】选 C。 根据前半句的谓语动词用了过去完成时，可知后半句用一般过去时，这样才能符合“过去的过去”这一条件。句意： Jack发了几封电子邮件之后，他才开始研究他的项目。 考点5：现在完成时与现在完成进行时

　　The manager ______ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. (2024·全国大纲卷18)

　　A. has told

　　B. is telling

　　C. has been telling

　　D. will have told 【解析】选 C。 现在完成进行时表示： 过去某一动作从过去开始一直延续到现在，现在刚刚结束或还在进行。句意： 经理从早上9点开始就一直在不停地告诉工人们如何改进这个项目。根据句意选C。 考点6：一般将来时与将来进行时 — Can I call you back at two o'clock this afternoon? — I'm sorry, but by then I ______ to Beijing. How about five? (2024·陕西卷 24)

　　A. fly

　　B. will fly

　　C. will be flying

　　D. am flying

　　【解析】选C。根据问句中的two o'clock和应答句中的by then可知所填词表示的动作在将来正在进行，用将来进行时，选C。 Ⅱ. 动词的语态 考点1：注意各种时态的被动语态形式

　　They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house ______.(2024·四川卷11)

　　A. is being rebuilt

　　B. has been rebuilt

　　C. is rebuilt

　　D. has rebuilt 【解析】选A。本题考查动词的时态和语态。句意为： 他们现在暂时和父母一起居住，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。根据句意可知，应使用现在进行时，且house与动词rebuilt之间为被动关系，故使用现在进行时态的被动语态。 考点2：“get＋过去分词”结构

　　Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I ______ on Friday. (2024·辽宁卷 35)

　　A. get paid

　　B. got paid

　　C. have paid

　　D. had been paid 【解析】选A。句意： 妈妈，能否借几美元给我，星期五发工资后还给你。until引导的时间状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来，get paid相当于一般现在时的被动语态。 考点3：不及物动词没有被动语态

　　Food supplies in the flood-stricken area ______. We must act immediately before there's none left. (2024·重庆卷 27)

　　A. have run out

　　B. are running out

　　C. have been run out

　　D. are being run out 【解析】选B。分析题干语境可知，食品供应即将耗尽。run out为不及物动词短语，不能使用被动形式，由此可排除C和D两个选项。B选项为现在进行时态，可以表示将来，符合题意。因此，正确答案为B选项。 考点4：主动表被动的若干情形 例1：— Shall we go fishing tomorrow? — Sounds great, but with so much homework ______， I really can't afford the time.

　　A. done

　　B. to do

　　C. being done

　　D. doing 【解析】选B。“with＋宾语＋不定式”结构中的不定式表示将来，且常用主动表被动。 考点4：主动表被动的若干情形 例2：This machine is very easy ______. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. (2024·辽宁卷 29)

　　A. operating

　　B. to be operating

　　C. operated

　　D. to operate 【解析】选D。在句型“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do”中，如果这个主语是动词do的逻辑宾语，常用主动表被动，所以选D。 考点5: 双宾语动词的被动语态

　　She was ______ the bike for 25 dollars，but she wouldn't take it.

　　A. provided

　　B. supplied

　　C. offered

　　D. gave 【解析】选C。 offer 作“出价，开价”讲，常有offer sb. money for sth.和offer sb. sth. for money两种搭配。此处是将后者用于被动语态中。 考点6：短语动词的被动语态 — Why does Lingling look so unhappy? — She ______ by her classmates.

　　A. has laughed

　　B. has laughed at

　　C. has been laughed

　　D. has been laughed at 【解析】选D。由by短语可知该用被动语态，即可排除A、B。laugh是不及物动词，没有被动语态，而laugh at是及物动词短语，可用被动语态。 考点7：不及物动词和有些及物动词(短语)无被动语态

　　Great changes ______ in the city and a lot of factories ______. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. are taken place; are set up D. were taken place; were set up 自我评估 【解析】选B。take place 为不及物动词短语，一般不用被动语态，即可排除A、C、D。 1. — You've left the light on.

　　— Oh, so I have. ______ and turn it off.

　　A. I'll go

　　B. I've gone

　　C. I go

　　D. I'm going 易错题笔记 【解析】选A。此题的A和D不易分清，因为两者均可表示将来。will 和 be going to后接动词原形均可表示意图，但意图有强弱之分，如果是事先考虑过的意图，要用 be going to；如果不是事先考虑过的，而是说话时刻才临时想到的意图，则用 will。比较：

　　— I've come out without any money.

　　——我没带钱出来。 — Never mind, I will lend you some.

　　——没关系，我借给你。 (句中用will lend表示“借”钱给对方是临时想到的，即听了对方的话后临时作出的反应) I've bought a typewriter and I'm going to learn to type.我买了部打字机，我想学打字。 (句中用 be going to learn to type表示说话人“学打字”是事先准备的，并为此买了台打字机) 2. By the window sits his wife, who, dressed in black, ______ like my aunt.

　　A. look

　　B. looking

　　C. looked

　　D. looks 【解析】选D。但B和C可能被误选。此句的基本结构是 His wife sits by the window，由于句子主语 his wife 带有较复杂的修饰语，所以采用了倒装语序(By the window sits his wife…)。who, dressed in black, ______like my aunt是定语从句，其中dressed in black是插入语，故应填looks作定语从句的谓语。 3. The bridge, which ______ 1688, needs repairing.

　　A. is dated from

　　B. was dated from

　　C. dates from

　　D. dated from 【解析】选C。此题容易误选B或D，认为句中用了 1688 这个过去时间，所以应选过去时态，又因为 date from 不用于被动语态，所以只能选D。其实此题的最佳答案应是C，因为 date from 的意思是“自某时起存在至今(＝have existed since)”，它通常用于一般现在时，而不用于过去时态(尽管其后接的是表示过去的时间)，除非所谈论的东西现在已不复存在，如： The church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago. (那座教堂是13世纪建成的，两年前在一次地震中被毁了。)(注意： 与 date from 同义的 date back to 也有类似用法。)

　　4. — Do you like the material?

　　— Yes, it ______ very soft.

　　A. is feeling

　　B. felt

　　C. feels

　　D. is felt 【解析】选C。此题容易误选D，认为应用被动语态。其实，此题正确答案为C，因为 feel 在此为连系动词，不能用于被动语态。

　　6. — He will come tomorrow.

　　— But I'd rather he ______ the day after tomorrow.

　　A. will come

　　B. is coming

　　C. came

　　D. had come 【解析】选C。此题容易误选A或B，因为上文的 He will come tomorrow 以及下文的时间状语 the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白处应用一般将来时态。但实际上此题的最佳答案是 C，这与 would rather 的用法有关。按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，其谓语的时态规律是： 用过去时表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。又如：

　　I'd rather you went home now.

　　我宁愿你现在就回家。 I'd rather you hadn't done that.

　　我真希望你没有做过那件事。 “I've told him about it.” “But I'd rather you hadn't.” “我把这件事告诉他了。”“但我倒宁愿你没有告诉他。” “He will take you as well.” “But I'd rather he didn't.” “他将把你也带上。”“但我倒宁愿不要带我去。” 7. Mr. Smith ______ a book about China last year but I don't know whether he has finished it.

　　A. has written

　　B. wrote

　　C. had written

　　D. was writing 【解析】选D。这是由 but I don't know whether he has finished it 这一句话的语境决定的，全句意为“史密斯先生去年在写一本书，但我不知道他现在是否写完了”。有的同学可能由于受 last year的影响而误选B。但若选B，则句子前半部分的意思则为“史密斯先生去年写了一本书”，既然是“写了”，那么这与下文的“但我不知道他现在是否写完了”相矛盾。

　　8. — Your phone number again. I ______ quite catch it.

　　— It's 4331577.

　　A. didn't

　　B. couldn't

　　C. don't

　　D. can't 【解析】选A。此题容易误选C，认为此处要用一般现在时态，表示现在“没听清对方的话”。其实，答案应选A，根据上文的语境“请把你的电话号码再说一遍好吗？”，可知“没听清对方的电话号码”应是在说此话以前，故应用一般过去时态。 9. — Please don't make a noise.

　　— ______. I'll be as quiet as a mouse.

　　A. Yes, I do

　　B. No, I don't

　　C. Yes, I will

　　D. No, I won't 【解析】选D。有的同学由于受前一句don't 的影响，认为下文的答句应选A或B，这些同学主要是忽略了上文的真实语境： 上文是一个祈使句，而祈使句表示的时间应是“将来”，这从空格后的 I'll be…这个将来时态也可看出。另外，从 I'll be as quiet as a mouse 这一语境来看，此题的最佳答案应选D而不选C。No, I won't. 为 No, I won't make any noise.之省略。 10. I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I ______ too busy.

　　A. was

　　B. had been

　　C. would be

　　D. would have been 【解析】选A。此题容易误选B或D，认为前句用了had hoped，所以此句谓语要用B或D与之呼应。正确答案为A。前一句谓语用had hoped，表示的是过去未曾实现的想法或打算，可以译为“本想”，而后一句说“我太忙”，这是陈述过去的一个事实，所以要用一般过去时。 第5讲

　　动词的时态和语态

　　英语中，动词有16种时态，而湖南高考要求考生掌握10种时态，它们是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时以及现在完成进行时。 Ⅰ. 动词的时态 考点1：一般现在时与现在进行时

　　“Life is like walking in the snow，” Granny used to say, “because every step ______.”(2024·全国新课标卷 23)

　　A. has shown

　　B. is showing

　　C. shows

　　D. showed 【解析】选 C。此处是直接引语。句子的内容是生活哲理，所以用一般现在时。句意： 奶奶过去常常说： “人生就像在雪中行走，因为每一步都看得见(留下了你的足迹)。” 考点2：现在完成时与一般过去时

　　It is the most instructive lecture that I ______ since I came to this school. (2011·湖南卷30)

　　A. attended

　　B. had attended

　　C. am attending

　　D. have attended

　　【解析】选D。句意：自从我来了这所学校以后，这是我听过的最有教育意义的一场讲座。这里考查了定语从句和时态两个知识点。因为前面的谓语动词是is，并且谈论的是从过去开始持续到现在的一段时间里发生的动作，所以用现在完成时。故选D。 考点3：过去进行时与一般过去时 — That must have been a long trip.

　　— Yeah, it ______ us a whole week to get there. (2011·北京卷27)

　　A. takes

　　B. has taken

　　C. took

　　D. was taking 【解析】选C 。 根据上句must have been可知trip发生在过去，因此第二句选用一般过去时took。句意：——那一定是一次漫长的旅行。——是啊，我们花了整整一星期才到达那儿。 考点4：过去完成时与一般过去时

　　After Jack had sent some e-mails, he ______ working on his project. (2024·山东卷 28)

　　A. had started

　　B. has started

　　C. started

　　D. starts

　　【解析】选 C。 根据前半句的谓语动词用了过去完成时，可知后半句用一般过去时，这样才能符合“过去的过去”这一条件。句意： Jack发了几封电子邮件之后，他才开始研究他的项目。 考点5：现在完成时与现在完成进行时

　　The manager ______ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. (2024·全国大纲卷18)

　　A. has told

　　B. is telling

　　C. has been telling

　　D. will have told 【解析】选 C。 现在完成进行时表示： 过去某一动作从过去开始一直延续到现在，现在刚刚结束或还在进行。句意： 经理从早上9点开始就一直在不停地告诉工人们如何改进这个项目。根据句意选C。 考点6：一般将来时与将来进行时 — Can I call you back at two o'clock this afternoon? — I'm sorry, but by then I ______ to Beijing. How about five? (2024·陕西卷 24)

　　A. fly

　　B. will fly

　　C. will be flying

　　D. am flying

　　【解析】选C。根据问句中的two o'clock和应答句中的by then可知所填词表示的动作在将来正在进行，用将来进行时，选C。 Ⅱ. 动词的语态 考点1：注意各种时态的被动语态形式

　　They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house ______.(2024·四川卷11)

　　A. is being rebuilt

　　B. has been rebuilt

　　C. is rebuilt

　　D. has rebuilt 【解析】选A。本题考查动词的时态和语态。句意为： 他们现在暂时和父母一起居住，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。根据句意可知，应使用现在进行时，且house与动词rebuilt之间为被动关系，故使用现在进行时态的被动语态。 考点2：“get＋过去分词”结构

　　Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I ______ on Friday. (2024·辽宁卷 35)

　　A. get paid

　　B. got paid

　　C. have paid

　　D. had been paid 【解析】选A。句意： 妈妈，能否借几美元给我，星期五发工资后还给你。until引导的时间状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来，get paid相当于一般现在时的被动语态。 考点3：不及物动词没有被动语态

　　Food supplies in the flood-stricken area ______. We must act immediately before there's none left. (2024·重庆卷 27)

　　A. have run out

　　B. are running out

　　C. have been run out

　　D. are being run out 【解析】选B。分析题干语境可知，食品供应即将耗尽。run out为不及物动词短语，不能使用被动形式，由此可排除C和D两个选项。B选项为现在进行时态，可以表示将来，符合题意。因此，正确答案为B选项。 考点4：主动表被动的若干情形 例1：— Shall we go fishing tomorrow? — Sounds great, but with so much homework ______， I really can't afford the time.

　　A. done

　　B. to do

　　C. being done

　　D. doing 【解析】选B。“with＋宾语＋不定式”结构中的不定式表示将来，且常用主动表被动。 考点4：主动表被动的若干情形 例2：This machine is very easy ______. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. (2024·辽宁卷 29)

　　A. operating

　　B. to be operating

　　C. operated

　　D. to operate 【解析】选D。在句型“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do”中，如果这个主语是动词do的逻辑宾语，常用主动表被动，所以选D。 考点5: 双宾语动词的被动语态

　　She was ______ the bike for 25 dollars，but she wouldn't take it.

　　A. provided

　　B. supplied

　　C. offered

　　D. gave 【解析】选C。 offer 作“出价，开价”讲，常有offer sb. money for sth.和offer sb. sth. for money两种搭配。此处是将后者用于被动语态中。 考点6：短语动词的被动语态 — Why does Lingling look so unhappy? — She ______ by her classmates.

　　A. has laughed

　　B. has laughed at

　　C. has been laughed

　　D. has been laughed at 【解析】选D。由by短语可知该用被动语态，即可排除A、B。laugh是不及物动词，没有被动语态，而laugh at是及物动词短语，可用被动语态。 考点7：不及物动词和有些及物动词(短语)无被动语态

　　Great changes ______ in the city and a lot of factories ______. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. are taken place; are set up D. were taken place; were set up 自我评估 【解析】选B。take place 为不及物动词短语，一般不用被动语态，即可排除A、C、D。 1. — You've left the light on.

　　— Oh, so I have. ______ and turn it off.

　　A. I'll go

　　B. I've gone

　　C. I go

　　D. I'm going 易错题笔记 【解析】选A。此题的A和D不易分清，因为两者均可表示将来。will 和 be going to后接动词原形均可表示意图，但意图有强弱之分，如果是事先考虑过的意图，要用 be going to；如果不是事先考虑过的，而是说话时刻才临时想到的意图，则用 will。比较：

　　— I've come out without any money.

　　——我没带钱出来。 — Never mind, I will lend you some.

　　——没关系，我借给你。 (句中用will lend表示“借”钱给对方是临时想到的，即听了对方的话后临时作出的反应) I've bought a typewriter and I'm going to learn to type.我买了部打字机，我想学打字。 (句中用 be going to learn to type表示说话人“学打字”是事先准备的，并为此买了台打字机) 2. By the window sits his wife, who, dressed in black, ______ like my aunt.

　　A. look

　　B. looking

　　C. looked

　　D. looks 【解析】选D。但B和C可能被误选。此句的基本结构是 His wife sits by the window，由于句子主语 his wife 带有较复杂的修饰语，所以采用了倒装语序(By the window sits his wife…)。who, dressed in black, ______like my aunt是定语从句，其中dressed in black是插入语，故应填looks作定语从句的谓语。 3. The bridge, which ______ 1688, needs repairing.

　　A. is dated from

　　B. was dated from

　　C. dates from

　　D. dated from 【解析】选C。此题容易误选B或D，认为句中用了 1688 这个过去时间，所以应选过去时态，又因为 date from 不用于被动语态，所以只能选D。其实此题的最佳答案应是C，因为 date from 的意思是“自某时起存在至今(＝have existed since)”，它通常用于一般现在时，而不用于过去时态(尽管其后接的是表示过去的时间)，除非所谈论的东西现在已不复存在，如： The church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago. (那座教堂是13世纪建成的，两年前在一次地震中被毁了。)(注意： 与 date from 同义的 date back to 也有类似用法。)

　　4. — Do you like the material?

　　— Yes, it ______ very soft.

　　A. is feeling

　　B. felt

　　C. feels

　　D. is felt 【解析】选C。此题容易误选D，认为应用被动语态。其实，此题正确答案为C，因为 feel 在此为连系动词，不能用于被动语态。

　　6. — He will come tomorrow.

　　— But I'd rather he ______ the day after tomorrow.

　　A. will come

　　B. is coming

　　C. came

　　D. had come 【解析】选C。此题容易误选A或B，因为上文的 He will come tomorrow 以及下文的时间状语 the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白处应用一般将来时态。但实际上此题的最佳答案是 C，这与 would rather 的用法有关。按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，其谓语的时态规律是： 用过去时表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。又如：

　　I'd rather you went home now.

　　我宁愿你现在就回家。 I'd rather you hadn't done that.

　　我真希望你没有做过那件事。 “I've told him about it.” “But I'd rather you hadn't.” “我把这件事告诉他了。”“但我倒宁愿你没有告诉他。” “He will take you as well.” “But I'd rather he didn't.” “他将把你也带上。”“但我倒宁愿不要带我去。” 7. Mr. Smith ______ a book about China last year but I don't know whether he has finished it.

　　A. has written

　　B. wrote

　　C. had written

　　D. was writing 【解析】选D。这是由 but I don't know whether he has finished it 这一句话的语境决定的，全句意为“史密斯先生去年在写一本书，但我不知道他现在是否写完了”。有的同学可能由于受 last year的影响而误选B。但若选B，则句子前半部分的意思则为“史密斯先生去年写了一本书”，既然是“写了”，那么这与下文的“但我不知道他现在是否写完了”相矛盾。