2024高考英语考纲解读及热点演练：2 冠词
冠词的考查几乎每年都有一两道题，而且基本都设两空。一般情况下，试题的情景较为曲折，句式以复合句为主。另外，在短文改错和语法填空中也常常涉及冠词的考查?？疾橐阒饕ǎ?/p>
1．考查定冠词和不定冠词的基本用法。
2．考查定冠词和不定冠词的特殊用法。抽象名词具体化前冠词的使用情况、比较级前冠词的使用情况。
3．考查冠词的泛指、特指、类指和专指用法。
4．考查零冠词的运用。另外，还涉及很多冠词与名词的固定搭配。
复习冠词须把握好以下三个原则：
(1)单数可数名词用不定冠词a/an表示泛指；
(2)复数可数名词及不可数名词表示泛指时，其前不加冠词；
(3)无论可数名词还是不可数名词，表示特指时，其前都要加定冠词the。
2024年高考将继续把冠词的基本用法作为考查重点，而冠词的活用仍会成为2024年高考考查的难点。
一定冠词
1．表示特指。
Pass me the magazine on the desk.
请把桌上的杂志递给我。
二不定冠词
3．用于具体化了的抽象名词前。
He was a success in business.
他是事业成功人士。
三零冠词
1．用于表示泛指或一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复数名词等之前。
Knowledge begins with practice.
知识从实践开始。
Teachers should be respected.
教师应该受到尊重。
2．东、西方都有的节日名称前不用冠词，如：New Year's Day, Christmas, National Day, Army Day等；但中国的节日一般用定冠词，如：the Spring Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival等。
3．月份、日期前一般不用冠词，如：in October, on March 8等。
4．三餐名词前不用冠词，如：have breakfast/lunch/dinner等。
但有定语修饰时需加不定冠词，如：have a big breakfast，have a wonderful lunch等。
5．表示体育运动的名词前不用冠词，如：play football/cards/chess等；但乐器名词前需加定冠词，如：play the violin/the piano等。
6．用于作表语、补足语、同位语的唯一职位名词前。
John is captain of the team.
约翰是这个队的队长。
They elected him president of the society.
他们选他为协会会长。
7．用于表示“变成”的turn后、作表语的单数名词前。
He was a teacher before he turned writer.
他成为作家之前是教师。
10．用于某些独立主格结构中。
The teacher came in, book in hand (＝with a book in his hand)．
老师走了进来，手里拿着书。
四冠词在固定搭配中的用法
1．用在表示计量的名词前，如by the hour, by the day, by the dozen, by the yard等，但是如果表示单位的名词为不可数名词，之前不用冠词，如by weight, by height等。
2．在句型“动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体某部位”中的the不可用人称代词替代。
take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的手臂
hit sb. in the face 打某人的脸
此外，在be red in the face (脸红), be lame in the right leg (右腿瘸)等结构中，名词前要用the。
3．用于某些习惯用法，如have a look, play a trick on, in a hurry, at a loss (茫然，不知所措)等。
4．有些习语中有无冠词意义完全不同。如：
1．(2024·福建，21)The “Chinese Dream” is ________ dream to improve people's well－being and ________ dream of harmony，peace and development.A．the；a
B．a；a
C．a；the
D．the；the
2．(2024·江西，32)Animals are obviously ________ lower form of life than ________ man.
A．a；/
B．the；the
C．a；the
D．/；/
【答案】A
3．(2024·山东，22)It was________cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across________night sky.
A．/；a
B．a；the
C．the；a
D．the；/
4．(2024·江西，19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ________ thirteenth century.
A．the；a
B．a；/
C．/；the
D．the；the
5．(2024·浙江，15)People develop ________ preference for a particular style of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning.
A．a；an
B．a；/
C．/；the
D．the；an
6．(2024·重庆，32)The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son needed ________ operation on his knee.
A．a；/
B．the; /
C．the; an
D．a; an
【例1】 We can never expect ________ bluer sky unless we create ________ less polluted world.
A．a； a
B．a；the
C．the；a
D．the；the
【例2】 It is generally accepted that ________ boy must learn to stand up and fight like ________ man.
A．a；a
B．a；the
C．the；the
D．a；/
【例3】 First impressions are the most lasting.After all, you never get ________ second chance to make ________ first impression.
A．a；the
B．the；the
C．a；a
D．the；a
【例4】 Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________ comfort in those tough times.
A．the；the
B．a；a
C．a；/
D．/；a
不定冠词的用法
泛指单数和首提，某个/每个/又一个；
物质名词具体化，相同还是抽象词；
三餐四季有修饰，感叹句中有名单。
①泛指的单数可数名词前和首次提到的单数可数名词前；
?、诒硎居忠桓?，某一个(a second；a certain...)
?、劬咛寤奈镏拭屎统橄竺是?a success，a surprise...)
?、苡行奘未实娜秃退募厩?a wonderful supper，a warm winter)
⑤感叹句中有单数可数名词。(How lovely a girl！)
【例5】 As is known to all, ________ People's Republic of China is ________ biggest developing country in the world.
A．the；/
B．/；the
C．the；the
D．/；/
【例6】 —I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.
—It is not your fault.With ________ rush－hour traffic and ________ heavy rain，it is no wonder you were late.
A．a；a
B．the；the
C．/；/
D．/；a
【例7】 What I need is ______ book that contains ________ ABC of oil painting.
A．a；/
B．the；/
C．the；an
D．a；the
【例8】 The biggest whale is ________ blue whale，which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of ________ 9－story building.
A．the；the
B．a；a
C．a；the
D．the；a
定冠词的用法
特指双熟悉，上文已提及；
世上独无二，序数最高级；
某些专有名，习语和乐器。
?、偬刂改承┤嘶蚴挛铮虎谔富八蕉际煜さ娜嘶蚴挛铮虎凵衔囊丫岬降娜嘶蚴挛?；④世界上独一无二的事物前；⑤序数词、形容词的最高级前；⑥某些专有名词前；⑦一些习惯短语(如in the day等)中和西洋乐器名词前(如：play the piano)
【例】 Sam has been appointed ________ manager of the engineering department to take ________ place of George.
A．/；/
B．the；/
C．the；the
D．/；the
【例】 Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in ________ weather around the world.
A．/；the
B．the；/
C．an；the
D．the；a
【例】 It's ________ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them ________ pleasure.
A．/；a
B．a； /
C．the；a
D．a；the
【例】 Many lifestyle patterns do such ________ great harm to health that they actually speed up ________ weakening of the human body.
A．a；/
B．/；the
C．a；the
D．/；/
不用冠词的情况口诀
下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前：
专有名词表泛指，学科球类三餐前；
复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前；
颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。
以上口诀主要概括了一般应对“免冠”的几种情况，即：
?、倜是耙延凶鞫ㄓ锏膖his，that，some，my等限定词；
?、诜褐傅淖ㄓ忻屎筒豢墒是埃?/p>
③表示学科的(如English，maths，physics)等名词前；
?、芮蚶嘣硕拿是凹叭妥艹魄?；
?、莞词时硎痉褐?一类人或事物)时；
⑥节日、季节、星期、月份前；
?、弑硎狙丈?如：It's red/yellow)、语种(如：speak English/Japanese)和国家的非全称名词(如：We live in China.They come from America.)前；
1． ________ M(m)oney plays an important role in ________ material world.But you can't expect it to give you real happiness.A．A；the
B．/；a
C．/；the
D．The，the
2． My friend's birthday is coming soon.I would like to go to ________ store，or some places close by to buy him ________ present.
A．the；the
B．a；the
C．/；a
D．the；a
3．— How did you do in your essay?
—I got ________ okay grade，but Mr.Jones gave Sarah top marks.She's ________ teacher's pet，you know.
A．/；a
B．an；/
C．/；the
D．an；a
4．It is said that ________ wool produced in Australia is of ________ high quality.
A．/；/
B．the；/
C．the；a
D．the；the
5．—Which of the twin brothers is easier to get on with?
—________ younger one.He is ________ most humorous man.
A．A；a
B．A；the
C．The；a
D．The；/
6．I don't know who invented ________ iphone，but I think it is ________ useful invention.
A．the；a
B．the；the
C．an；the
D．an；a
7． Keeping a diary is ________ good habit，by which you'll make ________ great progress in writing.
A．a；a
B．a；/
C．the；a
D．the；/
8．—Have you seen ________ pen？I left it here this morning.
—Is it ________ black one？I found it in the corner.
A．a；the
B．the；the
C．a；a
D．the；a
9． The operation is ________ success and the patient is now out of ________ danger.
A．a；the
B．a；/
C．/；the
D．/；/
10． As ________ unemployment is very high at the moment，it's very difficult for people to find ________ work.
A．the；/
B．/；/
C．the；a
D．an；the
冠词的考查几乎每年都有一两道题，而且基本都设两空。一般情况下，试题的情景较为曲折，句式以复合句为主。另外，在短文改错和语法填空中也常常涉及冠词的考查?？疾橐阒饕ǎ?/p>
1．考查定冠词和不定冠词的基本用法。
2．考查定冠词和不定冠词的特殊用法。抽象名词具体化前冠词的使用情况、比较级前冠词的使用情况。
3．考查冠词的泛指、特指、类指和专指用法。
4．考查零冠词的运用。另外，还涉及很多冠词与名词的固定搭配。
复习冠词须把握好以下三个原则：
(1)单数可数名词用不定冠词a/an表示泛指；
(2)复数可数名词及不可数名词表示泛指时，其前不加冠词；
(3)无论可数名词还是不可数名词，表示特指时，其前都要加定冠词the。
2024年高考将继续把冠词的基本用法作为考查重点，而冠词的活用仍会成为2024年高考考查的难点。
一定冠词
1．表示特指。
Pass me the magazine on the desk.
请把桌上的杂志递给我。
二不定冠词
3．用于具体化了的抽象名词前。
He was a success in business.
他是事业成功人士。
三零冠词
1．用于表示泛指或一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复数名词等之前。
Knowledge begins with practice.
知识从实践开始。
Teachers should be respected.
教师应该受到尊重。
2．东、西方都有的节日名称前不用冠词，如：New Year's Day, Christmas, National Day, Army Day等；但中国的节日一般用定冠词，如：the Spring Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival等。
3．月份、日期前一般不用冠词，如：in October, on March 8等。
4．三餐名词前不用冠词，如：have breakfast/lunch/dinner等。
但有定语修饰时需加不定冠词，如：have a big breakfast，have a wonderful lunch等。
5．表示体育运动的名词前不用冠词，如：play football/cards/chess等；但乐器名词前需加定冠词，如：play the violin/the piano等。
6．用于作表语、补足语、同位语的唯一职位名词前。
John is captain of the team.
约翰是这个队的队长。
They elected him president of the society.
他们选他为协会会长。
7．用于表示“变成”的turn后、作表语的单数名词前。
He was a teacher before he turned writer.
他成为作家之前是教师。
10．用于某些独立主格结构中。
The teacher came in, book in hand (＝with a book in his hand)．
老师走了进来，手里拿着书。
四冠词在固定搭配中的用法
1．用在表示计量的名词前，如by the hour, by the day, by the dozen, by the yard等，但是如果表示单位的名词为不可数名词，之前不用冠词，如by weight, by height等。
2．在句型“动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体某部位”中的the不可用人称代词替代。
take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的手臂
hit sb. in the face 打某人的脸
此外，在be red in the face (脸红), be lame in the right leg (右腿瘸)等结构中，名词前要用the。
3．用于某些习惯用法，如have a look, play a trick on, in a hurry, at a loss (茫然，不知所措)等。
4．有些习语中有无冠词意义完全不同。如：
1．(2024·福建，21)The “Chinese Dream” is ________ dream to improve people's well－being and ________ dream of harmony，peace and development.A．the；a
B．a；a
C．a；the
D．the；the
2．(2024·江西，32)Animals are obviously ________ lower form of life than ________ man.
A．a；/
B．the；the
C．a；the
D．/；/
【答案】A
3．(2024·山东，22)It was________cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across________night sky.
A．/；a
B．a；the
C．the；a
D．the；/
4．(2024·江西，19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ________ thirteenth century.
A．the；a
B．a；/
C．/；the
D．the；the
5．(2024·浙江，15)People develop ________ preference for a particular style of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning.
A．a；an
B．a；/
C．/；the
D．the；an
6．(2024·重庆，32)The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son needed ________ operation on his knee.
A．a；/
B．the; /
C．the; an
D．a; an
【例1】 We can never expect ________ bluer sky unless we create ________ less polluted world.
A．a； a
B．a；the
C．the；a
D．the；the
【例2】 It is generally accepted that ________ boy must learn to stand up and fight like ________ man.
A．a；a
B．a；the
C．the；the
D．a；/
【例3】 First impressions are the most lasting.After all, you never get ________ second chance to make ________ first impression.
A．a；the
B．the；the
C．a；a
D．the；a
【例4】 Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________ comfort in those tough times.
A．the；the
B．a；a
C．a；/
D．/；a
不定冠词的用法
泛指单数和首提，某个/每个/又一个；
物质名词具体化，相同还是抽象词；
三餐四季有修饰，感叹句中有名单。
①泛指的单数可数名词前和首次提到的单数可数名词前；
?、诒硎居忠桓?，某一个(a second；a certain...)
?、劬咛寤奈镏拭屎统橄竺是?a success，a surprise...)
?、苡行奘未实娜秃退募厩?a wonderful supper，a warm winter)
?、莞刑揪渲杏械ナ墒省?How lovely a girl！)
【例5】 As is known to all, ________ People's Republic of China is ________ biggest developing country in the world.
A．the；/
B．/；the
C．the；the
D．/；/
【例6】 —I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.
—It is not your fault.With ________ rush－hour traffic and ________ heavy rain，it is no wonder you were late.
A．a；a
B．the；the
C．/；/
D．/；a
【例7】 What I need is ______ book that contains ________ ABC of oil painting.
A．a；/
B．the；/
C．the；an
D．a；the
【例8】 The biggest whale is ________ blue whale，which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of ________ 9－story building.
A．the；the
B．a；a
C．a；the
D．the；a
定冠词的用法
特指双熟悉，上文已提及；
世上独无二，序数最高级；
某些专有名，习语和乐器。
①特指某些人或事物；②谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物；③上文已经提到的人或事物；④世界上独一无二的事物前；⑤序数词、形容词的最高级前；⑥某些专有名词前；⑦一些习惯短语(如in the day等)中和西洋乐器名词前(如：play the piano)
【例】 Sam has been appointed ________ manager of the engineering department to take ________ place of George.
A．/；/
B．the；/
C．the；the
D．/；the
【例】 Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in ________ weather around the world.
A．/；the
B．the；/
C．an；the
D．the；a
【例】 It's ________ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them ________ pleasure.
A．/；a
B．a； /
C．the；a
D．a；the
【例】 Many lifestyle patterns do such ________ great harm to health that they actually speed up ________ weakening of the human body.
A．a；/
B．/；the
C．a；the
D．/；/
不用冠词的情况口诀
下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前：
专有名词表泛指，学科球类三餐前；
复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前；
颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。
以上口诀主要概括了一般应对“免冠”的几种情况，即：
?、倜是耙延凶鞫ㄓ锏膖his，that，some，my等限定词；
?、诜褐傅淖ㄓ忻屎筒豢墒是埃?/p>
③表示学科的(如English，maths，physics)等名词前；
?、芮蚶嘣硕拿是凹叭妥艹魄?；
?、莞词时硎痉褐?一类人或事物)时；
?、藿谌?、季节、星期、月份前；
?、弑硎狙丈?如：It's red/yellow)、语种(如：speak English/Japanese)和国家的非全称名词(如：We live in China.They come from America.)前；
1． ________ M(m)oney plays an important role in ________ material world.But you can't expect it to give you real happiness.A．A；the
B．/；a
C．/；the
D．The，the
2． My friend's birthday is coming soon.I would like to go to ________ store，or some places close by to buy him ________ present.
A．the；the
B．a；the
C．/；a
D．the；a
3．— How did you do in your essay?
—I got ________ okay grade，but Mr.Jones gave Sarah top marks.She's ________ teacher's pet，you know.
A．/；a
B．an；/
C．/；the
D．an；a
4．It is said that ________ wool produced in Australia is of ________ high quality.
A．/；/
B．the；/
C．the；a
D．the；the
5．—Which of the twin brothers is easier to get on with?
—________ younger one.He is ________ most humorous man.
A．A；a
B．A；the
C．The；a
D．The；/
6．I don't know who invented ________ iphone，but I think it is ________ useful invention.
A．the；a
B．the；the
C．an；the
D．an；a
7． Keeping a diary is ________ good habit，by which you'll make ________ great progress in writing.
A．a；a
B．a；/
C．the；a
D．the；/
8．—Have you seen ________ pen？I left it here this morning.
—Is it ________ black one？I found it in the corner.
A．a；the
B．the；the
C．a；a
D．the；a
9． The operation is ________ success and the patient is now out of ________ danger.
A．a；the
B．a；/
C．/；the
D．/；/
10． As ________ unemployment is very high at the moment，it's very difficult for people to find ________ work.
A．the；/
B．/；/
C．the；a
D．an；the
