定语从句考点分析

　　考点一、关系代词与关系副词的辨析及基本用法

　　【考例1】

　　That evening, ______ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. (2024全国II)

　　A. that

　　B. which

　　C. what

　　D. when

　　解析：B。which引导非限制性定语从句，That evening，whichabout的宾语，“以后我会告诉你更多关于那天晚上的事”。从句缺少的是宾语，而不是时间状语，因此D项错误。

　　【考例2】

　　We live in an age ______ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. (2024浙江)

　　A. why

　　B. when

　　C. to whom D. on which

　　解析：B。when引导的定语从句修饰先行词age。

　　考点二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句

　　“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，介词主要根据三个方面来确定：与定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词等的搭配、与先行词的介词搭配、定语从句所表达的意义。关系代词要与先行词对应，并符合从句所表达的意义。 如：

　　Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future. (return to)

　　Yesterday we had a meeting at which we discussed many problems. (at the meeting)

　　Air, without which man can’t live, is really important. (without air)

　　：；，

　　(一) 简单介词+关系代词

　　【考例】

　　Care of the soul is a gradual process _______ even the small details of life should be considered. (2024湖南)

　　A. what

　　B. in what

　　C. which

　　D. in which

　　解析：D。in which引导定语从句，whichprocess。介词in与process搭配。

　　(二) 简单介词+关系代词+名词

　　【考例1】

　　I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ______ help I would never have got this far. (2024天津)

　　A. who

　　B. whose

　　C. whom

　　D. which

　　解析：B。without whose help意为“如果没有他的帮助”。

　　【考例2】

　　Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, ______ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students’ Union. (2005重庆)

　　A. during which time

　　B. for which time

　　C. during whose time

　　D. by that time

　　解析：A。during which time在那段时间内(指1999年到2003年的那段时间内)。

　　【考例3】

　　Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ______ effects the people are still suffering. (2005天津)

　　A. that

　　B. whose

　　C. those

　　D. what

　　解析：B。suffer from遭受……之苦，from在句中置于关系代词前面，whose effects指洪水的影响。

　　(三) the+名词+of+关系代词

　　该结构表示所属关系，口语中常用“whose +名词”代替；有时还采用“of which +(the)+名词”结构。

　　【考例1】

　　She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ______ had taken more than three years. (2011江西)

　　A. for which

　　B. with which

　　C. of which

　　D. to which

　　解析：C。从句中the construction of which指的是“博物馆的建造”。

　　【考例2】

　　For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, ______ New York is an example. (2008四川)

　　A. for which

　　B. in which

　　C. of which

　　D. from which

　　解析：C。从句还原后为 New York is an example of many cities。an example of…是……的例子。

　　(四) 表示部分的词语＋of＋关系代词

　　表示部分的词语常见的有：不定代词、数词(+名词)、the +最高级/比较级，以及表示量的词语many, most, few, several, enough等。有时为了行文的需要，也可把表示部分的词放在关系代词的后面。

　　【考例1】

　　Maria has written two novels, both of ______ have been made into television series. (2024山东)

　　A. them

　　B. that

　　C. which

　　D. what

　　解析：C。both of which引导定语从句，which指代two novels。

　　【考例2】

　　In our class there are 46 students, ______ half wear glasses. (2024四川)

　　A. in whom

　　B. in them

　　C. of whom

　　D. of them

　　解析：C。whom指代先行词46 students，表示部分的词half放在关系代词的后面。

　　注： 关系副词where, when, why在意义上都相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。即：when= in / at / on / during which, where = in / at / on /from which, why = for which。

　　考点三、as引导的非限制性定语从句

　　as引导非限制性定语从句的常用结构有：as we / you know / can see / expect …， as usually happens/is often the case或被动结构as is said /known / announced / reported / mentioned / expected /discussed等。

　　【考例1】

　　_____ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. (2024陕西)

　　A. It

　　B. That

　　C. What

　　D. As

　　解析：D。As is often the case…“事情常常是这样的，常是如此”。as在句中引导定语从句。

　　【考例2】

　　The air quality in the city, _____ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. (2024福建)

　　A. that

　　B. it

　　C. as

　　D. what

　　解析：C。as is shown in the report正如报告中所显示的那样。

　　考点四、where, when引导的定语从句

　　(一) 近年高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂化，除了表地点用where外，当先行词是case, point, position, stage, situation, business, activity等表示某人/物的情况、某事发展的阶段、某事的某个方面等“抽象地点”名词，且定语从句中缺少状语时，引导词常用where。

　　【考例】

　　Sales director is a position ______communication ability is just as important as sales skills. (2024重庆)

　　A. which

　　B. that

　　C. when

　　D. where

　　解析：D。position意为“职位”，表示抽象地点。

　　(二) when引导定语从句时，先行词是表示时间的词(有时为抽象名词，如occasion, stay等)。

　　【考例】

　　Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, ______ the audience can buy ice-cream. (2011江苏)

　　A. when

　　B. where

　　C. that

　　D. which

　　解析：A。when在此表示前面所提到的“休息时间”。

　　(三) when, where在定语从句中可分别起到代替副词then, there的作用。可用定语从句替换并列句，即since /until/by when = and since/until/by then；from where = and from there。

　　【考例1】

　　Jane is back in May, by ______ the new house should be finished. (2008四川延考区)

　　A. which

　　B. that

　　C. whom

　　D. when

　　解析：D。by when在此之前。

　　【考例2】

　　The book was written in 1946, ______ the education system has witnessed great changes. (2007山东)

　　A. when

　　B. during which

　　C. since then

　　D. since when

　　解析：D。从句中使用了现在完成时，因此应选since when，意为“自……以后”。

　　考点五、分隔定语从句

　　定语从句和先行词常常被其它成分分隔，干扰了句子结构的判断，从而给辨别从句带来一定的难度。

　　【考例】

　　Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, ______, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. (2024浙江)

　　A. which

　　B. who

　　C. where

　　D. whom

　　解析：B。定语从句缺少主语，who引导的定语从句修饰a painter，并在从句中作主语。

　　考点六、定语从句关系代词的省略

　　【考例】

　　The house I grew up ______ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. (2009江西)

　　A. in it

　　B. in

　　C. in that

　　D. in which

　　解析：B。题干中The house后省略了在从句中作介词宾语的关系代词that或which(作in的宾语)。

　　考点七、定语从句与强调句的辨析

　　【考例】

　　It was only after he had read the papers _____ Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete. (2024课标2)

　　A. when

　　B. that

　　C. which

　　D. what

　　解析：B。考查强调句型。强调状语only after…。

　　A. the one

　　B. one

　　C. in which

　　D. /

　　2. How many students are there in your class _____ relatives were killed in the earthquake?

　　A. whose

　　B. who

　　C. whom

　　D. which

　　3. They stayed with me for three weeks, _____ they drank all the wine I had.

　　A. which

　　B. which time

　　C. during which time D. during that time

　　4. He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, _____ his father expected.

　　A. that was what B. what was that C. and which was

　　D. which was what

　　5. Nowadays, many people tend to eat a lot but take little exercise, _____ they fall ill easily.

　　A. in which B. at which

　　C. in case which

　　D. as a result of which

　　6. The young man learned the techniques in Beijing, _____ he went back to his hometown and set up a factory.

　　A. after which

　　B. after that

　　C. in which

　　D. in that

　　7. He may have to go to hospital, _____ he won抰 be going on holiday.

　　A. where

　　B. in which b

　　C. in which case

　　D. in that case

　　8. The thought of having a big meal at home was all _____ kept him happy while he was on the bus.

　　A. that

　　B. what

　　C. those

　　D. which

　　9. Who is the woman _____ is sweeping the floor over there?

　　A. which

　　B. /

　　C. that

　　D. when

　　10. The foreign guests, _____ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.

　　A. most of them B. most of whom C. most of that

　　D. most of those

　　11. The expected results _____ Zhu Zhiwen had worked hard seemed hopeful to him.

　　A. after which

　　B. for which

　　C. with which

　　D. at which

　　12. All of us want very much to read these recommended novels, especially _____ you referred to just now.

　　A. as

　　B. which

　　C. the one

　　D. that

　　13. The English play _____ the famous actor acted was a great success.

　　A. for which

　　B. at which

　　C. in which

　　D. on which

　　14. I enjoyed the pictures of the river and they brought back the old days _____ I swam in it.

　　A. when

　　B. that

　　C. who

　　D. where

　　15. We have eight managers in our company, and five of _____ are in their twenties.

　　A. them

　　B. whom

　　C. who

　　D. which

　　16. The place _____ the hotel is supposed to be built should be _____ the traffic is the most convenient.

　　A. which; where

　　B. at which; where

　　C. at which; which

　　D. which; in which

　　17. We hope that the measures to control the high prices of houses, _____ are taken by the government, will work.

　　A. that

　　B. where

　　C. which

　　D. what

　　18. Smoking is a bad habit, _____ you should get rid of.

　　A. it

　　B. that

　　C. why

　　D. one

　　19. By 16:30, _____ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. (2024江西)

　　A. which

　　B. when

　　C. what

　　D. that

　　20. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _____ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. (2024江苏)

　　A. which

　　B. who

　　C. where

　　D. what

　　21. I can remember very few occasions _____ he had to ask for leave because of ill health.

　　A. who

　　B. which

　　C. why

　　D. when

　　22. People who were injured or _____ houses were destroyed in the earthquake were in urgent need of help.

　　A. what

　　B. whose

　　C. which

　　D. that

　　23. In many cases, Westerners don’t understand body language the way _____.

　　A. we do them B. we do

　　C. which we do

　　D. where we do

　　24. It was from some simple raw materials, such as wood and steel, which he bought from the market _____ my father made such elegant chairs.

　　A. where

　　B. that

　　C. when

　　D. which

　　25. This is a subject _____ we might argue for a long while.

　　A. of which

　　B. with which

　　C. about which

　　D. into which

　　26. During my stay there, my friend showed me around the city, _____ was very kind of him.

　　A. which

　　B. that

　　C. where

　　D. it

　　27. It has been raining since the morning, _____ prevents me from going to the park.

　　A. that

　　B. which

　　C. what

　　D. it

　　28. My friend tells me that the doctor _____ is leaving for Shanghai next month.

　　A. the nurse is talking to him

　　B. whom the nurse is talking

　　C. the nurse is talking to

　　D. who the nurse is talking

　　29. Barbara went back to the US a couple of months ago, by _____ time she had learned some Chinese folk dance.

　　A. which

　　B. that

　　C. what

　　D. whose

　　30. There was _____ time _____ this style of dress was popular with young girls.

　　A. a; that

　　B. a; when

　　C. the; that

　　D. the; when