倒　装

　　下列情况句子需要全部倒装

　　(1)表示方位的副词(如there，here，up，down，out，in，away等)位于句首，句子谓语是go，come，run等表示位置的动词，可将谓语动词全部置于主语之前。

　　There goes phone again.It’s not stopping ringing all morning.

　　电话铃又响了。整个上午都响个不停。

　　There remains the possibility that mistakes have been made.

　　仍然有可能出了差错。

　　Here comes the train to Beijing.去北京的火车来了。

　　There goes the bell.铃响了。

　　Down came the rain.下雨了。

　　但主语是人称代词时，主语仍置于动词之前。

　　Here he comes.他来了。

　　Here it comes.它来了。

　　(2)由一些表示方位的介词短语引起。

　　In the middle of the mountain lies a temple.

　　山里有座庙。

　　Inside the temple live many monks.庙里有很多和尚。

　　(3)一些作表语的形容词放在句首。

　　Seated in the lecture hall are hundreds of students.

　　演讲大厅里坐着数百名学生。

　　Present at the conference were many famous people.

　　出席会谈的是很多著名人士。

　　下列情况需要部分倒装

　　(1)句子以never，seldom，rarely，little，hardly，scarcely等否定意义的副词以及by no means，not until，not a word，not a single等否定词开头的词组一般都用部分倒装语序。

　　Never in all my life have I felt so humiliated.

　　我这辈子从未感到如此受辱。

　　Seldom in my life have I met so determined a person.

　　一生中我很少见到如此果断的人。

　　Not a word did he say at the last meeting.

　　在上次会议上他一句话都没说。

　　(2)hardly...when，no sooner...than，not only...but also引导两个分句时，将前一个分句中的主谓作部分倒装，后一个分句中的主谓语序不变。

　　Hardly had he began to speak when his father stopped him.

　　他刚开口发言就被父亲制止了。

　　No sooner had I left my house than it began to rain.

　　我刚刚离开家就下雨了。

　　(3)当句子用so，nor，neither开头，来说明前面一句话中谓语表示的情况，也适用于另外一些人或物时，主语和谓语部分倒装，这时谓语只是用助动词、情态动词或系动词来表示。其常见句型是：so/neither/nor＋be (have/do等助动词或情态动词)＋主语。

　　Frank adores dogs and so does his wife.

　　弗兰克非常爱狗，他妻子也一样。

　　She couldn’t work out the answer，and nor could I.

　　她算不出答案，我也算不出。

　　(4)当only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，采用部分倒装形式。

　　Only then did I realize the importance.

　　只有那时我才意识到重要性。

　　Only when I see it with my only eyes do I believe it.

　　只有亲眼见到，我才相信。

　　(5)在so...that引导的结果状语从句中，当为了强调把so提到句首时，主谓要倒装。

　　So moved was she that she could not say a word.

　　她激动得一句话也说不出来。

　　So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him.他的声音那么大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。

　　So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.光速如此之快，我们很难想像。

　　So frightened is he in the darkness that he dare not say a word.

　　他在黑暗中十分害怕，一句话都不敢说。

　　(6)as引导让步状语从句时句子要用倒装语序，即要将从句中的表语、状语或从句中的动词提到as的前面。在as引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的单数可数名词前不用任何冠词。

　　Try as she might，Sue couldn’t get the door open.

　　无论苏怎么努力，她都打不开门。

　　Popular as he is，the President hasn’t always managed to have his own way.

　　尽管总统很受人欢迎，但他也并非总按自己的方式办事。

　　(7)在省略if的条件状语从句中，were，had或should要提到句首构成倒装。

　　Had you come a few minutes earlier，you would have seen him.

　　如果你早来几分钟，你会见到他。

　　Should he be here next week，he would help us.

　　如果他下周来这儿，他就帮助我们。

　　1．(2009年上海卷)Hearing the dog barking fiercely，away________.

　　A．fleeing the thiefB．was fleeing the thief

　　C．the thief was fleeing

　　D．fled the thief

　　【解析】　句意为：听到狗的狂叫声，小偷逃掉了。本题考查了全部倒装句。表地点方位的副词away放句首时，句子要全部倒装。正常的语序是：The thief fled away.

　　【答案】　D

　　2．(2009年全国卷Ⅰ)The computer was used in teaching.As a result，not only________，but students became more interested in the lessons.

　　A．saved was teachers’ energy

　　B．was teachers’ energy saved

　　C．teachers’ energy was saved

　　D．was saved teachers’ energy

　　【解析】　句意为：电脑被应用于教学中。结果，不仅节省了老师的精力，学生也对课堂更感兴趣了。此题考查not only用于句首时的倒装结构，not only用于句首时后面的句子必须用部分倒装。

　　【答案】　B

　　3．(2009年重庆卷)Unsatisfied________with the payment，he took the job just to get some work experience.

　　A．though was he

　　B．though he was

　　C．he was though

　　D．was he though

　　【解析】　句意为：尽管对工资不满意，但为了获得工作经验，他还是接受了这份工作。本题考查though引导状语从句可用倒装的形式，即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，但主谓顺序不变。though引导的从句也可以不倒装，前半句可写为：Though he was unsatisfied with the payment。

　　【答案】　B

　　4．(2009年山东卷)So sudden________that the enemy had no time to escape.

　　A．did the attack　B．the attack did

　　C．was the attack

　　D．the attack was

　　【解析】　句意为：这次袭击非常突然以至于敌人没有时间逃跑。so＋adj.放于句首时，主句倒装。sudden是形容词，在句中作表语，故应用was。

　　【答案】　C

　　5．(2009年福建卷)For a moment nothing happened.Then________all shouting together.

　　A．voices had come

　　B．came voices

　　C．voices would come

　　D．did voices come

　　【解析】　句意为：那会儿，什么都没发生。之后大家一起欢呼起来。本题考查倒装句型，副词then，away，out，in 等置于句首，且主语是名词时，主谓要全部倒装。

　　【答案】　B

　　6．(2009年江苏卷)Distinguished guests and friends，welcome to our school.________the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad.

　　A．Attend

　　B．To attend

　　C．Attending

　　D．Having attended

　　【解析】　句意为：尊敬的来宾朋友们，欢迎莅临我校。今天早上参加50周年庆典的是来自国内外的校友。本句为倒装句，正常的语序应该是：Our alumni from home and abroad are attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning.

　　【答案】　C

　　7．(2009年四川卷)Not until I came home last night________to bed.

　　A．Mum did go

　　B．did Mum go

　　C．went Mum

　　D．Mum went

　　【解析】　句意为：昨晚妈妈直到我回家才上床睡觉。not until引导状语从句且提前置于句首需要部分倒装，又因为时态是过去时(从came可知)，所以要将助动词did提前。

　　【答案】　B

　　8．(2008年上海卷)So much of interest________that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all.

　　A．offers Beijing

　　B．Beijing offers

　　C．does Beijing offer

　　D．Beijing does offer

　　【解析】　so much置于句首，后面的句子应用部分倒装，即将助动词、情态动词提到主语前面。

　　【答案】　C

　　9．(2008年陕西卷)Not until the motorbike looked almost new________repairing and cleaning it.

　　A．he stopped

　　B．did he stop

　　C．stopped he

　　D．he did stop

　　【解析】　句意为：他把摩托车擦洗和修补得像新的一样才停止下来。not until引导的状语(或状语从句)放在句首，主句部分需部分倒装，所以只有B符合题意。

　　【答案】　B

　　10．(2007年安徽卷)Little________that we were watching his every move，so he seemed to be going his own way in this business.

　　A．he realized

　　B．he didn’t realize

　　C．didn’t he realize

　　D．did he realize

　　【解析】　本题考查倒装结构。否定词little位于句首时句子要部分倒装。

　　【答案】　D

　　1．(2010届重庆一中期中测试)Not until he called the secretary three times________that the manager went to an important meeting.

　　A．did he tell

　　B．he told

　　C．was he told

　　D．he was told

　　【解析】　否定词not置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，加之he与tell为动宾关系，故主句应用被动语态；所以选C。

　　【答案】　C

　　2．(2010届福建部分重点中学联考)Only under special circumstances________to take make-up tests.

　　A．are freshmen permitted

　　B．permitted are freshmen

　　C．freshmen are permitted

　　D．are permitted freshmen

　　【解析】　only后面跟状语位于句首时，句子要部分倒装，故答案为A。

　　【答案】　A

　　3．(2010届江西高安中学月考)—Did you see who the driver was?

　　—No，so quickly________that I couldn’t get a good look at his face.

　　A．does the car speed by

　　B．the car sped by

　　C．did the car speed by

　　D．the car speeds by

　　【解析】　考查倒装句。句型so...that...中so与其后形容词或副词置于句首时，主句部分采用部分倒装结构；此句时态为一般过去时，借助于助动词did构成倒装句。

　　【答案】　C

　　4．(2010届江西上高二中月考)________he is，________he can do something that grown-ups do.

　　A．A boy as；but

　　B．A boy though；yet

　　C．Boy as；yet

　　D．Boy as；but

　　【解析】　考查特殊句式。句意为：虽然他只是一个孩子，但是他可以做一些成年人做的事情。前半句是as引导的让步状语从句，表语前置；此处表语为名词，其前不加冠词。此结构可以和yet，still等连用，但不可与but连用。

　　【答案】　C

　　5．(2010届九江地区联考)Hardly________the phone________I was told that the hotel had been booked full.

　　A．I had picked up；when

　　B．had I picked up；then

　　C．had I picked up；when

　　D．I had picked up；then

　　【解析】　考查倒装句和固定句式。本句使用了“hardly...when...”句式，表示“刚一……就……”；当否定副词hardly放在句首时，主句要用倒装结构，因此选C。近年高考试题的单项填空部分有不少试题都呈现“复合型”，一个试题中考查两个或多个语法知识。

　　【答案】　C

　　6．(2010届抚州地区联考)Only when class began________that he had left his book at home.

　　A．will he realize

　　B．he did realize

　　C．did he realize

　　D．should he realize

　　【解析】　考查倒装句，当only＋状语位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装形式。

　　【答案】　C

　　7．(2010年皖南八校第二次联考)Little________about H1N1 so far，so there is no doubt that many people are afraid when talking about the disease.

　　A．did scientists known

　　B．scientists have known

　　C．have scientists known

　　D．had scientists known

　　【解析】　本题考查时态和倒装。根据关键词so far，可以确定用现在完成时，故排除A、D两项；little表示否定，放句首要倒装。

　　【答案】　C

　　8．(2009年福州检测)“By no means，” declared the captain.“________give way to disappointment.”

　　A．we would

　　B．we will

　　C．might we

　　D．shall we

　　【解析】　考查倒装句型。by no means位于句首句子要倒装，根据句意应该用shall we。

　　【答案】　D

　　9．(2009年南昌二模)Not until he called the secretary three times________that the manager went to an important meeting.

　　A．did he tell

　　B．he told

　　C．was he told

　　D．he was told

　　【解析】　考查倒装。not until 置于句首，句子要部分倒装；he 与tell之间存在着动宾关系，要用被动语态，所以答案为C。

　　【答案】 　C

　　10．(2009年绵阳市第三次诊断)________，she talks a lot about her favorite singers after she went home.

　　A．A quiet student as she may be

　　B．Quiet as she may be a student

　　C．Be a quiet student as she may

　　D．Quiet student as she may be

　　【解析】　考查倒装结构。句意为：尽管她是个寡言的学生，但回家后关于她喜欢的歌手她也谈了很多。该倒装结构为：adj.＋n.(单数)＋as＋主语＋谓语。

　　【答案】　D

　　11．(2009年西安八校联考二)By the side of the Bird’s Nest________，completed in 2008.

　　A．there standing the Water Cube

　　B．does the Water Cube stand

　　C．the Water Cube stands

　　D．stands the Water Cube

　　【解析】　考查倒装。由于地点状语前置，句子应采用全部倒装语序，即把整个谓语放在主语之前。语境为：鸟巢的旁边就是2008年建成的水立方。

　　【答案】　D

　　12．(2009年福州检测)Many people agree that never in history________a more splendid opening ceremony than that of the Beijing Olympics.

　　A．there wereB．has there been

　　C．there has been

　　D．were there

　　【解析】　考查倒装结构。在从句中，否定副词never置于句首，所以要用部分倒装。