be related to与……有关 be used to习惯于 belong to属于 take to开始从事于 object to反对 get down to开始做 get close to接近于 see to负责，注意 【即境活用15】 More attention should be paid________good habits of reading carefully. A．for forming

　　B．to form C．to forming

　　D．in forming [解析]pay attention to doing 注意做……。 [答案]C 5．come into being 形成；产生；开始存在 New China came into being in 1949.新中国诞生于1949年。 come into force(法律)实施 come into effect

　　生效 in being

　　存在的；现有的 bring...into being

　　使……形成；使……产生 for the time being

　　暂时；眼下 【易错提示】 come into being 中being 可换成existence，该短语不能用被动语态。 【即境活用16】 After a heated discussion at the meeting，a new plan came________being，which would have a great effect________the culture life of the people. A．into；for

　　B．to；to

　　C．from；at

　　D．into；on [解析]come into being 开始存在；have an effect on 对……有影响。 [答案]D

　　1．They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago，long_before humans came into being. 千百万年前恐龙就在地球上生活，比人类的出现要早得多。

　　【考点归纳】 (1)long before 相当于long long ago，意为“很久以前”，常用于过去时或过去完成时的句子中作时间状语，before 后边可以跟从句。 (2)before long 相当于soon 或a little later，意为“不久；不久以后”，常与将来时、过去时态连用，在句中作状语，不可以直接加从句。 (3)It is/was not long before＋从句　不久就…… It will not be long before＋从句　过不了多久就…… (主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时) (4)It will be long before＋从句　要过很久才…… ①It won't be long before he goes abroad. 不久之后他就要出国。 ②The result of the exam will come out before long. 考试结果不久就会出来。 ③I had heard of him long before I came here. 早在我来这儿很久以前我就听说过他的情况。 【即境活用17】 (2010·江苏启东中学质检)The book was published________it was written. A．soon before

　　B．long before C．before long

　　D．soon after [解析]long before 在……之前很久。 [答案]B 2．She turned round and there was an antelope with a sad face looking at her. 她转过身来，看到一头羚羊带着忧郁的神情望着她。 【考点归纳】 (1)此处with a sad face looking at her 为“with＋复合宾语”作定语。 (2)“with＋复合结构”在句中多作状语，也可以作定语。此结构中常见的宾语补足语形式有： ①With winter coming on，it's time to buy warm clothes. 冬天来了，该买暖衣了。(with＋n.＋doing) ②With all the things she needed bought，she went home happily.买了所需要的所有东西后，她高兴地回家了。(with＋n.＋done) ③She slept with the windows open. 她开着窗子睡着了。(with＋n.＋adj.) ④He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣躺在床上。(with＋n.＋adv.)

　　⑤The teacher came with a book in his hand. 老师来了，手里拿着一本书。(with＋n.＋介词短语) ⑥With nothing to do，Tom sleeps at home. 由于无事可做，汤姆在家睡觉。(with＋pron.＋to do) ⑦Lu Xun fought against his enemy，with a pen his only weapon. 鲁迅用一支笔——他仅有的武器，同敌人作斗争。(with＋n.＋n.) 【即境活用18】 With her husband________beside her，she was watching a TV play. A．sitting

　　B．to sit

　　C．sat

　　D．sit [解析]with sb. doing sth. 有……在干某事。 [答案]A

　　单项填空解题技巧 ——补全法 做题时，将题干中省略的部分补全，则答案一目了然。 [例]—What should I do with these materials? —________. A．Sort them out B．Sorting them out C．To sort them out

　　D．Sorted them out [解析]将答句中的省略成分补全则为：You should sort them out，答句中省略了you should，可知A项为正确答案。 [答案]A 【即境活用19】 —What should we do with these waste papers? —________. A．Throw them away

　　B．To throw them away C．Throwing them away

　　D．Throw away them [解析]将答句补全：We should throw them away可知A项正确。 [答案]A 【即境活用5】 (2010·北京海淀区一模)A vast area north of the Yangtze River________by the first heavy snow of the new year，causing difficulties to the post-festival road transport. A．were affected

　　B．was affected C．had affected

　　D．has affected

　　[解析]句子的主语为单数，且与affect 之间为被动关系，故用B项。 [答案]B 6．respond vi. 回答；响应；做出反应 ①Clive responded to my suggestion with a laugh. 克利夫对我提的建议报以一笑。 ②She never responded to my letter. 她从来没给我回过信。 【易混辨析】respond，reply，answer respond 是不及物动词，是正式用语，指“对号召(职责、请求等)作出自发性的适当反应”。 reply 较answer 正式，但是不及物动词，后跟介词to连用。 answer 是及物动词，是常用词，可指“口头/笔头回答”，甚至是“行动上的回答”。 【即境活用6】 No one has yet________to our complaints，so I will write a letter to the newspaper. A．answered

　　B．settled C．solved

　　D．responded [解析]respond to 响应。其它三项为及物动词。 [答案]D 7．relief n. (痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除；减轻痛苦的事物 Tom smiled in relief. 汤姆欣慰地笑了。

　　in relief　如释重负；松了口气 relief from sth.

　　解除；减轻 breathe a sigh of relief

　　舒了一口气 to my relief

　　令我感到欣慰的是 relieve one's mind

　　解除某人的顾虑 relieve sb. of sth.

　　解除某人的(负担等) 【即境活用7】 To our great________，the miners trapped in the coal mine were all rescued. A．anxiety

　　B．relief C．view

　　D．judgement [解析]to one's relief 使某人欣慰的是。 [答案]B 8．mercy n. 仁慈；宽恕；怜悯 The man was at the mercy of the storm.这位男人任由暴风摆布。 at the mercy of...　任凭……的摆布；完全受……的支配 have mercy on/upon...

　　对……有怜悯心 show mercy to sb.

　　对某人表示宽容 out of mercy

　　出于仁慈 with mercy

　　仁慈地 without mercy

　　残忍地；毫不留情地

　　【即境活用8】 They were lost at sea，________wind and weather. A．at the mercy of

　　B．with mercy C．without mercy

　　D．in the mercy of [解析]at the mercy of 任由……摆布。 [答案]A 9．certain adj. 确定的；某一；一定；必然的 for certain　肯定地；确切地 make certain

　　把……弄清楚；确保 be certain to do

　　一定会做 be certain of/about...

　　对……有把握 to a certain degree

　　在某种程度上 ①I think there's a bus at 8 o'clock but you'd better call to make certain. 好像8点有一班公共汽车，不过你最好打电话弄清楚。 ②I'm not certain whether there's a bus service on Sundays. 我不确定星期天是否有公交车。 【易混辨析】certain，a certain，some certain “某些”，可修饰可数或不可数名词。 a certain与some 同义，只作定语，修饰可数名词单数，但是a certain 指知道而不刻意指出之事物。 some 指未知或非特定之事物，或有时知道而未特别指出之事物；some 意为“某个”时后接单数名词，接复数名词意为“一些”。 【即境活用9】 The terrorists will only release their hostages on________conditions. A．sure

　　B．a certain C．certain

　　D．any [解析]certain 后跟复数名词，意为“某些”。 [答案]C 10．appreciate vt. 鉴赏；感激；意识到 ①Her abilities are not fully appreciated by her employer. 她的才干尚未得到雇主的充分赏识。 ②We would appreciate you letting us know of any problems. 如有任何问题，请告诉我们。 【易错提示】 appreciate 之后只接名词或动名词，不接不定式或从句，如果其后有从句，需加it 作形式宾语。 I would appreciate it if you could come to my birthday party. 如果你能来参加我的生日宴会，我将不胜感激。 【即境活用10】 I really appreciate________to relax with you on this nice island. A．to have had time

　　B．having time C．to have time

　　D．to having time [解析]appreciate 后跟v-ing 形式。 [答案]B 11．employ vt. 雇用；利用(时间、精力等) He employed his spare time collecting stamps. 他利用他的业余时间收集邮票。

　　employ oneself (in) doing sth.　从事于做某事 be employed in...

　　忙于…… employ oneself on...

　　从事于……；时间花在…… employ...as...

　　把……用做…… be employed as...

　　被雇为…… employ sb. to do sth.

　　雇某人做某事 employ sb. for...

　　雇某人…… 【即境活用11】 It is important for us to________a word or a phrase according to the situations in language studies. A．employ

　　B．refer C．make

　　D．arrange [解析]employ 利用，运用，符合句意。refer谈及；make制作；arrange安排。 [答案]A

　　1．die out 灭亡；逐渐消失 Many species have died out.许多物种已灭绝。 die away　(声音、光线、风声等)逐渐消失 die down

　　(火、情绪、风暴等)由强变弱 die off

　　(家族、种族等)相继死亡；(草木等)枯死 be dying for

　　很想要；渴望 【即境活用12】 The book said that the hero was killed by enemies but that his spirit would never________. A．die away

　　B．die down C．die off

　　D．die out [解析]die down (情绪)由强变弱。die away(声音等)逐渐消失；die off相继死亡；die out灭绝。 [答案]B 2．in danger 在危险中；垂危 Owing to the flood，the whole village is in danger.由于洪水，整个村庄处于危险中。 in danger of...　在……危险中 out of danger

　　脱离危险 【易错提示】 in danger 指自身处于危险中，而dangerous 指给别人造成危害。danger 作“危险”讲时，为不可数名词；指代具体“可能引起危险的人或物”时，为可数名词。 【思维拓展】 “in＋n.”结构的短语还有： in trouble在困境中 in surprise吃惊地，惊讶地 in order妥当的，能用的

　　in peace和平地，和睦地 in short简而言之，总之

　　in practice勤于练习

　　in all总共

　　in order有条不紊 in case以防万一

　　in despair处于绝望中 in public在公众面前

　　in time及时；总有一天 in turn轮流；反过来 in reality＝in actual fact事实上；实际上 in charge负责……；掌管…… 【即境活用13】 This is a place where children can play without________，but if you are really________，please call this number. A．in danger；dangerous B．danger；in danger C．dangerous；dangerous D．in danger；in danger

　　[解析]with danger 有危险，in danger 处于危险中。 [答案]B 3．protect...from... 保护……不受……(危害) Wear a hat to protect yourself from the sun.戴上一顶帽子来保护你自己免受太阳晒伤。 protect...against...保护……免受……的伤害/侵害 prevent...(from)．..

　　阻止……做…… stop...(from)．..

　　阻止……做…… keep...from...

　　阻止……做…… 【即境活用14】 You'd better put on more clothes to________yourself from the cold weather. A．keep

　　B．stop

　　C．protect

　　D．make [解析]protect...from 保护……免受……的伤害。 [答案]C 4．pay attention to 注意 We should pay attention to protecting our environment. 我们应该注意保护环境。 draw attention to注意 turn one's attention to...

　　把(某人的)注意力转移到…… catch one's attention

　　引起某人的注意 fix one's attention on/upon...

　　把某人的注意力集中在……

　　【思维拓展】 下列短语中to 用作介词 lead to导致；通向 look forward to期望，期盼 refer to提到，谈到；涉及；查阅 devote to致力于 contribute to为……作贡献 stick to坚持

　　必修二　Unit 4　Wildlife protection

　　1．They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago，long before humans came into being... 千百万年前恐龙就在地球上生活，比人类的出现要早得多…… 2．In relief Daisy burst into laughter. 戴茜如释重负，突然笑了起来。

　　[考题回放·2010山东卷] 假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你和在上海上学的英国朋友Tom约好下周末去北京旅游，但你因故不能赴约。请根据以下要点用英语给他写一封电子邮件：

　　1．表示歉意； 2．解释原因； 3．另约时间。 注意：1.词数120—150； 2．可适当增加细节。 [优秀范文] Dear Tom， Does everything go well with you? I wish I could make an apology to you，because we have to put off our time of visiting Beijing.

　　How I wish you would understand me and excuse me.I also hope you can patiently listen to my following reasons.Our school has decided by now to hold an important football match with Yucai Senior High School next weekend.As you know，being the vital member of our team，I won't be absent from the match，so I won't be able to show you around Beijing at that time.

　　No matter how reasonable my reasons are，it's my fault to change our plan.So I hope from the bottom of my heart you can forgive me.And do you think it's OK to change the date to the weekend two weeks later? Looking forward to your early reply. Yours， Li Hua 1．________adj.野生的；野的；未开发的；荒凉的 2．________vt. & vi.打猎；猎取；搜寻 3．________adj.远的；远处的 4．________adj.确定的；某一；一定 5．________adj.强大的；有力的 6．________vi. & vt.成功；接替；继任 7．________vt.雇用；利用(时间、精力等) 8．________vt. & vi.咬；叮；刺痛 9．________vt.检查；视察 10．________vi. & vt.减少；(使)变小；或变少 11．________vi.回答；响应；做出反应 12．________n．笑；笑声 13．________n．仁慈；宽恕；怜悯 14．________n．重要(性) 15．________vt.包含；容纳；容忍 16．________vt.影响；感动；侵袭 17．________vt.鉴赏；感激；意识到 18．________n. & vt.损害；危害 19．________n．事件；事变 20．________adj.凶猛的；猛烈的 [答案]1.wild　2.hunt　3.distant　4.certain　5.powerful 6．succeed　7.employ　8.bite　9.inspect　10.decrease 11．respond　12.laughter　13.mercy　14.importance 15．contain　16.affect　17.appreciate　18.harm　19.incident 20．fierce 1．in________　和平地；和睦地；安祥地 2．die________　灭亡；逐渐消失 3．burst________laughter　突然笑起来；大声笑了出来 4．pay________to　注意 5．________to　按照，根据……所说 6．in________(of)　在危险中；垂危 7．________relief　如释重负；松了口气 8．________into being　形成；产生 9．so________　以至于；结果 10．turn________　转过身；向后转 11．without________　毫不留情地 12．be________about　关心 13．respond________　对……作出响应 14．protect...________　保护某人免受…… 15．do harm________　对……有害 16．look________　抬头看 17．be related________　与……有关 18．depend________　依靠 19．intend________do　打算做…… 20．be based________　以……为根据

　　[答案]1.peace　2.out　3.into　4.attention　5.according 6．danger　7.in　8.come　9.that　10.around　11.mercy 12．concerned　13.to　14.from　15.to　16.up　17.to 18．on　19.to　20.on

　　1．reserve vt. 保留，保存，预订　n. 保护区；贮藏，储备 reserve sth. for sb./sth.　为……保留 reserve one's opinion

　　保留某人的意见 with/without reserve

　　有(没有)保留地 in reserve

　　留下的，备用的 All rights reserved.

　　版权所有 ①I'd like to reserve a table for three for eight o'clock. 我想预定一个八点钟用的三人餐位。 ②These seats are reserved for special guests. 这些座位是留给贵宾的。 ③He spoke without reserve of his time in prison. 他毫无保留地述说了他在监狱中的事。 ④He must have great wealth in reserve. 他一定储备有一大笔资本。 【巧学助记】 【即境活用1】 (2010·东北三校联考)Doctors are doing research to find out what happens physically when people________smoking. A．quit

　　B．decline C．refuse

　　D．reserve [解析]quit smoking 放弃吸烟。decline衰退；reserve预订；refuse拒绝。 [答案]A 2．apply vi. & vt. 申请；应用，适用 apply to sb.和某人有关；适用于某人 apply to sb. for sth.

　　向某人申请…… apply...to...

　　把……运用于…… apply for sth.

　　申请 apply oneself to (doing) sth. ＝be applied to (doing) sth.

　　专心于 ①This rule cannot be applied to every case. 这项规则不是所有的情况都适用。 ②Students should apply themselves to their study. 学生们应该专心致志地学习。 ③He applies to the consul for a visa. 他向领事申请签证。 ④What I have said does not apply to you. 我说的话和你无关。 【即境活用2】 (2010·山东烟台质检)The three friends all________for the same job. A．required

　　B．chose C．applied

　　D．referred [解析]apply for 申请。 [答案]C 3．suggest v. 建议；表明，暗示 suggest doing 建议做某事 It is suggested that sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人该做某事 suggest that sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人该做某事 make a suggestion 提建议 on/at sb.'s suggestion 根据某人的建议 suggestion 的同位语从句，和suggest (建议)引导的宾语从句一样，要求谓语动词使用(should) do 形式。 ①I suggest trying it once more. 我建议再试一次。 ②I suggested that he (should) not do it today. 我建议他今天先不要做。 ③Her expression suggested that she was angry. 她的表情说明她生气了。

　　④They made a suggestion that we (should) go there by train. 他建议我们应该坐火车去那里。 ⑤My suggestion is that he (should) not eat much meat. 我建议他不要吃太多的肉。 【易错提示】 suggest that...中的that 从句并非总用虚拟语气：表示“建议做某事”，用虚拟语气；表示“暗示，表明……”，则不用虚拟语气。 【即境活用3】 (2010·青岛市质检)The leader，________the rule unfair for women，suggested it________. A．finding；banned