选修8 Unit 1（1）

　　Unit 1　A land of diversity　

　　1．means(n.)手法；方法

　　2．boom(n.)(人口、贸易的)繁荣

　　(vi.)处于经济迅速发展时期

　　3．customs(n.)海关；关税；进口税

　　4．occur(vi.)发生；出现

　　5．slip(vi.)滑动；滑行；滑跤

　　(n.)滑动；滑倒

　　6．hire(vt.& n．)租用；雇用

　　7．nowhere (adv.)无处；到处都无

　　8．reform(vt.& vi.)改革；革新

　　　(n.)改革；改造；改良

　　9．grasp(vt.& n．)抓?。蛔ソ簦徽莆?；领会

　　10．distinct(adj.)清晰的；明显的；明确的→distinction(n.)差别；区分；卓著

　　11．majority(n.)大多数；大半→minority(n.)少数

　　12．elect(vt.)选择；决定做某事；选举某人→election(n.)选举

　　13．applicant(n.)申请人→apply(v.)申请→application(n.)申请

　　14．indicate(vt.)指出；标示；表明；暗示→indication(n.)迹象→indicator(n.)指示器；指示物

　　15．apparent(adj.)显而易见的；显然的；表面上的→apparently(adv.)显然地；显而易见地

　　16．punishment (n.)惩罚；处?！鷓unish (v.)惩罚；处罚

　　1． live_on　继续存在；继续生存

　　2．by_means_of...用……办法；借助……

　　3．make_a_life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等

　　4．keep_up坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)

　　5．team_up_with与……合作或一起工作

　　6．mark_out画线；标出……界线

　　7．take_in包括；吸收

　　8．a_great/good_many许多；很多

　　9．apply_for申请；请示得到

　　10．in_addition另外

　　1．However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，可能美洲土著人至少一万五千年前就生活在加利福尼亚。

　　名师指津：it is likely that...有可能……

　　例句仿写：据我可知，投票数很有可能必须重新计算。

　　As far as I know，it_is_likely_that the votes will have to be counted again.

　　2．It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种明显主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。

　　名师指津：it is believed that...意为“人们认为/相信……”，其构成为：it＋be＋过去分词＋that从句。

　　例句仿写：人们认为温室气体是全球气温升高的主因。

　　It_is_believed_that greenhouse gases are the main causes of global warming.

　　3．Built in 1873，the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie，who wanted to find a better form of transport than horse-drawn trams.

　　缆车系统建立于1873年，是由安德鲁·哈利迪发明的，他想找到一种比马拉轨道车更好的交通方式。

　　名师指津：built in 1873为过去分词短语作时间状语。

　　例句仿写：给予更多的关心和教导，这个孩子可能成为一名音乐家。

　　_Given_more_attention_and_instruction，the child is likely to grow into a musician.

　　4．That’s why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.

　　这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。majority n．大多数；大半

　　(牛津P1220)The majority was/were in favour of banning smoking.

　　大多数人支持禁烟。

　　(1)

　　(2)

　　(3)major in主修……

　　With the prices going up，the majority of people find_it_hard_to_live_on the amount of money they get.

　　随着物价的上涨，大多数人觉得靠他们挣的钱很难生活。

　　Among the members of the committee those who are in favour of the plan are in the majority.委员中赞成这项计划的占大多数。

　　(1)单独用作主语，谓语动词用单数、复数均可。

　　(2)The majority of

　　The majority were/was against the plan，which made me upset.

　　大多数人反对这个计划，这使我伤心。

　　The murder shocked the Americans，the_majority_of_whom are peace-loving and non-violent.这一谋杀案震惊了整个美国，因为毕竟大多数的美国人还是热爱和平和反对暴力的。

　　means

　　n．手段；方法

　　(陕西卷书面表达)Furthermore，punishment is by no means a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.

　　此外，惩罚绝不是一个帮助他们在精神上和身体上健康成长的明智选择。

　　by this means通过这种方法

　　by means of用……办法；借助……

　　by all means一定；务必；好的，当然可以

　　by no means决不，一点也不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)

　　by every means用尽一切可能的办法

　　(朗文P1277)Millions of Chinese rely on bicycles as their important means of transportation.

　　自行车是数百万中国人赖以出行的重要交通工具。

　　She could not speak，but made her wishes known by_means_of signs.她不会说话，但她用手势表达了她的愿望。

　　I’ve tried very hard to improve my English.But by no means are_my_parents_satisfied_with my progress.为了提高英语水平，我已尽力了。但父母对我的进步一点也不满意。occur vi.发生；出现

　　(2024·广东阅读理解)There were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work.

　　过去，在我上下班途中发生过各种各样的悲剧。

　　(1)sth.occurs to/strikes sb.某人突然想起某事

　　(2)It occurs to/strikes/hits sb.that...某人突然想起……

　　I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident occurred.我正沿街寻找停车点时，突然发生了事故。

　　(辽宁高考)When Babbage was working at Cambridge，a new idea occurred_to_him.

　　在剑桥工作时，巴比奇想到了一个新主意。

　　It_never_occurred_to/hit/struck_me_that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.

　　我从来没有想到你能成功说服他改变主意。

　　indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示

　　教材原句P7：Try to use the expressions above to indicate that you are listening carefully to your partner.

　　试着用上面的表达表明你在认真听同伴的讲述。

　　(1)indicate sth.to sb.向某人指出、暗示某物

　　(2)indicate that...示意；表明；暗示；说明

　　(3)indication n．暗示；表示；预兆

　?、?北京卷开放作文)As_indicated_in_the_picture，if the man is willing to look for other possibilities，he can find a better and more rewarding way to achieve his goal.

　　图片中显示，如果这个人愿意寻找其他的可能性，他能找到一个更好的、更有益的方式来实现他的目标。

　　(牛津P1038)A red sky at night often indicates fine weather the next day.夜空呈红色往往预兆第二天天气晴朗。

　　His attitude indicates that he is not very happy with what you are doing.他的态度暗示他对你的所作所为很不高兴。

　?、?完成句子

　　1．There is a great deal of evidence________________(表明) that listening to soft music can reduce stress.

　　答案：　indicating

　　2．Don’t worry about the present situation in the world；________________________________________(大多数人喜欢和平而不是战争)．

　　答案：　the majority of people prefer peace to war

　　3．I wish to congratulate you on your ____________________(当选为主席) of the Students’ Union.

　　答案：　being elected chairman

　　.单项填空

　　1．(2024·合肥第三次教学质量检测)My best friend，Amy，is always supportive，so her friendship undoubtedly________a great deal to me.

　　A．devotes B．contributes

　　C．means D．submits

　　解析：　考查动词辨析。句意为：我最好的朋友Amy总是很支持我，因此毫无疑问她的友谊对我来说很重要。mean可表示某人/某物有多重要，sth./sb.mean sth.to sb.意为“某物/某人对某人来说很重要”，符合语境。devote致力于；contribute贡献，出力；submit提交，均不符合语境，故排除。

　　答案：　C

　　2．(2024·济南一中月考)In many places，________bicycle is still________popular means of transportation.

　　A． a；theB．/；a

　　C．the；a D．the；the

　　解析：　第一空the bicycle表示类别。第二空是泛指，表示一种运输方式。

　　答案：　C

　　3．(2024·山西诊断考试)It________me how we could improve the situation on the way to the station.

　　A．struck B．approached

　　C．accessed D．occurred

　　解析：　考查动词辨析。句意为：我突然意识到我们如何才能改善这个局面?！癐t strikes (struck) sb.＋从句．..”表示“某人突然意识到……”，为固定句型。

　　答案：　A

　　4．(2024·甘肃兰州、靖远名校高三模拟考试)The way you spend your money may________your attitude towards life.

　　A．support

　　B．transform

　　C．indicate D．direct

　　解析：　考查动词。句意为：你花钱的方式也许会表明你对生活的态度。根据句意可知应选indicate，表示“表明，显示”。support支持；transform使改变外观；direct指导，管理。

　　答案：　C

　　5．The number of students in our class________more than 70 and the majority of them________from the countryside.A．is；is B．is；are

　　C．are；is D．are；are

　　解析：　the number of...……的数量，作主语时谓语动词用单数；the majority of...……的大部分，后跟可数名词复数形式时，谓语动词用复数，故B项正确。

　　答案：　B

　　a great many很多，许多(修饰可数名词)

　?、?朗文P1256)The country has a great many problems that need urgent attention.该国有许许多多急需关注的问题。

　　②Nowadays a great many teenagers are_addicted_to playing computer games，which makes their parents very worried.

　　当今许多青少年迷恋玩电脑游戏，这使他们的父母非常担心。

　　a good/great many后接复数名词，但a good/great many后接of时，必须加限定词，如these /those/the/one’s等，然后再加名词复数。

　?、跧t seems that a great/good_many_of_them are out of work now.

　　似乎他们中的许多人现在都失业了。

　?、蹵 good many of the/those students in our class have passed the exam.我们班中有很多学生通过了考试。

　　take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗

　　教材原句P8：It’s a 79 km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.这是一次往返79公里的旅行，它涵盖了所有著名的旅游景点。

　　take away拿走，使离开；消除(病痛等)

　　take off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功

　　take on呈现；雇用

　　take over接收，接管，取代

　　take up占去，占据；开始；从事

　?、貶e was homeless，so we took_him_in.

　　他无家可归，我们便收留了他。

　?、贒on’t be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.不要被许诺能使你快速减肥的商品所欺骗。

　?、跧 couldn’t take in the professor’s lecture at all.It was too difficult for me.我一点也不理解教授的演讲，对我来说太难了。

　?、躆y writing career took_off when I discovered my own style.

　　找到自己的写作风格后，我的写作事业开始起色了。

　　team up with (＝cooperate with)与……结合/合作，协作

　　(朗文P2113)The university is teaming up with a school in England for the research project.

　　该大学正与英格兰的一所学校合作研究这项课题。

　　be fed up with对……感到厌烦，腻了

　　catch/keep up with赶上put up with忍受；容忍

　　end up with以……结束

　　①We teamed up so that we could divide the work and write a book more quickly.我们相互协作，以使我们能够分配任务并且更快地写完这本书。

　?、贗’ll have to put up with the noise till I move next week.

　　我下周就要搬了，在此之前，我还是得忍受这种噪音。

　?、跿he old couple is_never_fed_up_with going to the same park every day.这对老夫妻每天都去同一个公园，从不厌烦。

　　Ⅰ.完成句子

　　1．______________________________(为保持良好关系) with your teachers and classmates，you should learn to be on good terms with them.

　　答案：　To keep up good relationships

　　2．The route______________________(已被画出) so that it is easy to find his house.

　　答案：　has been marked out

　　3．John preferred to go into business alone rather than____________________(合作) anyone else.

　　答案：　team up with

　　4．Mr Brown sent an e-mail to the manager，____________________________(申请一份工作) in the company.

　　答案：　applying for a job

　　5．It is honorable to__________________(谋生) with your hands while depending on others is a shame.

　　答案：　make a life

　　6．These teenagers don’t know much of the world yet；that’s why they__________________________(那么容易受骗)．

　　答案：　are so easily taken in

　?、?单项填空

　　1．(2024·江西高安中学模拟)—You know I dropped medicine and________physics.

　　—You made a right decision.

　　A．took up

　　B．took in

　　C．took apart

　　D．took off

　　解析：　考查动词短语辨析。句意为：你知道我放弃了医学，开始学物理了。你做了一个正确的决定。take up意为“(开始)从事，接受”；take in意为“吸收，领会”；take apart意为“拆开”；take off意为“起飞”。

　　答案：　A

　　2．(2024·芜湖一中模拟)I couldn’t________what Obama was saying in his Inauguration Speech (就职演说) though I listened to it carefully.

　　A．take back B．take up

　　C．take over D．take in

　　解析：　考查动词短语辨析。take back收回；take up开始从事；take over接替，接管；take in理解，吸收。句意为：尽管我仔细地听了奥巴马的就职演说，但我还是听不懂他在说些什么。由语境可知，D项正确。