②主谓一致遵守的“承前原则”句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式由远离谓语动词的名词确定。此类句式有：A with B…/A along with B…/A together with B…/ A as well as B…/A including B…/A except/(but) B…谓语动词的单复数形式由远离谓语动词的名词A确定。

　　4

　　4

　　③all, some, the rest of…分数/百分数等作主语，谓语动词的单复数根据实际意义确定。all指物， 表示“一切”时，谓语用单数，指人时谓语用复数。

　　④集合名词作主语强调整体，谓语用单数。强调成员，谓语用复数。如： My family were watching TV when the electricity was cut off。

　　4

　　2．确定谓语动词的单复数形式还有以下几种情况：

　　①不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数形式。

　　②and连接的两个名词表达同一概念，谓语用单数形式。这类名词如 knife and fork(刀叉)；bread and butter(黄油面包), horse and cart(马车)等。

　　③动名词短语作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。

　　4 从句作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。

　　④当every A and every B/each A and each B/ no A and no B/ many a A and many a B作主语时，谓语用单数。

　　⑤Many a ＋单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。

　　⑥More than one ＋单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。

　　4

　　⑦One and a half ＋复数名词作主语，谓语用单数。

　　⑧表语前置，主语在后，谓语单复数与主语一致。

　　⑨进行时中的现在分词提前，主语在后，谓语单复数与主语一致。

　　第1讲　主谓一致

　　1

　　什么叫主谓一致

　　写出括号中动词的适当形式

　　1. I __________(be) the ninth letter of the alphabet.

　　I

　　是字母表中第9个字母。

　　2. Both the touch-me-not and the forget-me-not __________(be) plants.

　　含羞草和勿忘我都是植物。 is　

　　are

　　1

　　3. Attitude __________(decide) everything.

　　态度决定一切。

　　4. Opinions about whether to go into details about the issue__________(vary) from person to person.

　　关于是否深入问题的细节这个问题，观点因人而异。 decides　

　　vary

　　1

　　句子中谓语动词和主语在人称和数上的统一性叫主谓一致。

　　能否将主谓一致理解为“主语是复数形式则谓语用复数，主语是单数形式则谓语用单数”？

　　翻译下列句子，标出句中的主语和谓语动词

　　1. 书籍是人类的好朋友。 2

　　【答案】Books主

　　are谓 good friends to man

　　2. 一个流浪汉躺在公园的长凳上，双手抖个不停。 2 【答案】 A_homeless_man主 was_lying_on谓 the bench in the park, with both his hands trembling.

　　3. 许多抽烟者把医生的忠告当耳边风。 【答案】 Many_a_smoker主 turns_a_deaf_ear_to谓 the doctor's advice.

　　4. 当时一千英镑是一大笔钱。 2 【答案】 One_thousand_pounds主 was谓 quite a big sum of money at that time.

　　5. 羊主要吃草。 【答案】 Sheep主 feed谓 on grass.

　　2

　　主语是复数形式，谓语不一定用复数(如例句4)；主语是单数形式谓语也不一定用单数(如例句5)。

　　3

　　观察每组句子中谓语动词单复数形式与主语的关系，尝试找出其中的规律

　　1. (1) Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚。

　　(2) Every dog has his day. 人人皆有得意时。

　　　2. (1) The wounded need medicine and food.

　　伤员们需要药品和食物。

　　(2) The wounded is his cousin.

　　那个伤员是他的表弟。 主谓一致有什么原则？ 3

　　3. (1) Not only Beijing but also other cities in China have taken on a new look.

　　不仅北京而且中国其他城市的面貌也焕然一新。

　　(2) Not human resources but the system counts. 不是人力资源而是制度起决定作用。 　

　　4. (1) English as well as other languages has its own rules.

　　同其他语言一样，英语也有其自身特点。 3

　　(2) There is only one teacher and twenty-six students in this remote school.

　　这所偏远的学校有一个老师和26个学生。

　　3

　　主谓一致原则有：

　　1. 语法一致原则。即主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式。主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式(如例句1)。

　　2. 意义一致原则。即谓语动词的单复数形式由主语表达的实际意义决定。同样形式的主语含义不同时，谓语单复数形式有变化(如例句2)。

　　3

　　3. 就近原则。即谓语动词的单复数形式由靠近谓语动词的名词确定(如例句3)。

　　4. 承前原则。即谓语动词的单复数形式由远离谓语动词的名词确定(如例句4) 4

　　完成下列句子，注意谓语动词的形式 　

　　1. The problem __________(need) further discussion and we'll discuss it next Wednesday.

　　2. All the employees in this joint venture______________(pay) by the job.　

　　3. Oil __________(be) to industry what blood is to the body. 谓语动词单复数形式怎样确定？ needs　

　　are /were paid　

　　is　 4

　　4. The doctor and teacher __________(speak) good English thanks to having lived abroad for years. 　5. Growing vegetables __________(need) constant watering. 　 6.

　　To be a pilot __________(be) his dream. 　7. When he will be set free from the prison __________(remain) a big problem. 　 8.Neither the hostess nor her children__________(like) hot food, so please don't add pepper. speaks

　　is/was

　　needs

　　remains 　

　　like

　　4

　　9. Look! The mother cat with all her babies__________(run) after a mouse.

　　10. Since all __________(be) ready and all of us __________(be) here, let's begin our meeting.

　　11. Each book and each dictionary here_____________(publish) by BNUP last year.

　　12. Many a visitor __________(have) such an experience so far. are running　

　　are

　　is was published　

　　has had 4

　　13. More than one person__________(charge) with theft the other day.

　　14. One and a half buildings__________(burn) in the big fire last night.

　　15. His family __________(be) very large.

　　16. Gone __________(be) the days when teachers were looked down upon.

　　was charged　

　　is　

　　was burnt　

　　are 4

　　17. Growing in the field __________(be) green crops. What a beautiful scenery!

　　18. There __________(be) no reply from the company in charge up to now. are　

　　has been

　　3

　　1．谓语动词的单复数形式一般是根据主谓一致的原则来确定：

　　①主谓一致遵守的“就近原则”句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式由靠近谓语动词的名词确定。此类句式有：Neither A nor B…/Either A or B… / Whether A or B… /Not only A but also B … /A or B… /Not A but B …/There be A and B。谓语动词的单复数形式由靠近谓语动词的名词B确定。 4

　　②主谓一致遵守的“承前原则”句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式由远离谓语动词的名词确定。此类句式有：A with B…/A along with B…/A together with B…/ A as well as B…/A including B…/A except/(but) B…谓语动词的单复数形式由远离谓语动词的名词A确定。

　　4

　　4

　　③all, some, the rest of…分数/百分数等作主语，谓语动词的单复数根据实际意义确定。all指物， 表示“一切”时，谓语用单数，指人时谓语用复数。

　　④集合名词作主语强调整体，谓语用单数。强调成员，谓语用复数。如： My family were watching TV when the electricity was cut off。

　　4

　　2．确定谓语动词的单复数形式还有以下几种情况：

　　①不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数形式。

　　②and连接的两个名词表达同一概念，谓语用单数形式。这类名词如 knife and fork(刀叉)；bread and butter(黄油面包), horse and cart(马车)等。

　　③动名词短语作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。

　　4 从句作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。

　　④当every A and every B/each A and each B/ no A and no B/ many a A and many a B作主语时，谓语用单数。

　　⑤Many a ＋单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。

　　⑥More than one ＋单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。

　　4

　　⑦One and a half ＋复数名词作主语，谓语用单数。

　　⑧表语前置，主语在后，谓语单复数与主语一致。

　　⑨进行时中的现在分词提前，主语在后，谓语单复数与主语一致。

　　第1讲　主谓一致

　　1

　　什么叫主谓一致

　　写出括号中动词的适当形式

　　1. I __________(be) the ninth letter of the alphabet.

　　I

　　是字母表中第9个字母。

　　2. Both the touch-me-not and the forget-me-not __________(be) plants.

　　含羞草和勿忘我都是植物。 is　

　　are

　　1

　　3. Attitude __________(decide) everything.

　　态度决定一切。

　　4. Opinions about whether to go into details about the issue__________(vary) from person to person.

　　关于是否深入问题的细节这个问题，观点因人而异。 decides　

　　vary

　　1

　　句子中谓语动词和主语在人称和数上的统一性叫主谓一致。

　　能否将主谓一致理解为“主语是复数形式则谓语用复数，主语是单数形式则谓语用单数”？

　　翻译下列句子，标出句中的主语和谓语动词

　　1. 书籍是人类的好朋友。 2

　　【答案】Books主

　　are谓 good friends to man

　　2. 一个流浪汉躺在公园的长凳上，双手抖个不停。 2 【答案】 A_homeless_man主 was_lying_on谓 the bench in the park, with both his hands trembling.

　　3. 许多抽烟者把医生的忠告当耳边风。 【答案】 Many_a_smoker主 turns_a_deaf_ear_to谓 the doctor's advice.

　　4. 当时一千英镑是一大笔钱。 2 【答案】 One_thousand_pounds主 was谓 quite a big sum of money at that time.

　　5. 羊主要吃草。 【答案】 Sheep主 feed谓 on grass.

　　2

　　主语是复数形式，谓语不一定用复数(如例句4)；主语是单数形式谓语也不一定用单数(如例句5)。

　　3

　　观察每组句子中谓语动词单复数形式与主语的关系，尝试找出其中的规律

　　1. (1) Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚。

　　(2) Every dog has his day. 人人皆有得意时。

　　　2. (1) The wounded need medicine and food.

　　伤员们需要药品和食物。

　　(2) The wounded is his cousin.

　　那个伤员是他的表弟。 主谓一致有什么原则？ 3

　　3. (1) Not only Beijing but also other cities in China have taken on a new look.

　　不仅北京而且中国其他城市的面貌也焕然一新。

　　(2) Not human resources but the system counts. 不是人力资源而是制度起决定作用。 　

　　4. (1) English as well as other languages has its own rules.

　　同其他语言一样，英语也有其自身特点。 3

　　(2) There is only one teacher and twenty-six students in this remote school.

　　这所偏远的学校有一个老师和26个学生。

　　3

　　主谓一致原则有：

　　1. 语法一致原则。即主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式。主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式(如例句1)。

　　2. 意义一致原则。即谓语动词的单复数形式由主语表达的实际意义决定。同样形式的主语含义不同时，谓语单复数形式有变化(如例句2)。

　　3

　　3. 就近原则。即谓语动词的单复数形式由靠近谓语动词的名词确定(如例句3)。

　　4. 承前原则。即谓语动词的单复数形式由远离谓语动词的名词确定(如例句4) 4

　　完成下列句子，注意谓语动词的形式 　

　　1. The problem __________(need) further discussion and we'll discuss it next Wednesday.

　　2. All the employees in this joint venture______________(pay) by the job.　

　　3. Oil __________(be) to industry what blood is to the body. 谓语动词单复数形式怎样确定？ needs　

　　are /were paid　

　　is　 4

　　4. The doctor and teacher __________(speak) good English thanks to having lived abroad for years. 　5. Growing vegetables __________(need) constant watering. 　 6.

　　To be a pilot __________(be) his dream. 　7. When he will be set free from the prison __________(remain) a big problem. 　 8.Neither the hostess nor her children__________(like) hot food, so please don't add pepper. speaks

　　is/was

　　needs

　　remains 　

　　like

　　4

　　9. Look! The mother cat with all her babies__________(run) after a mouse.

　　10. Since all __________(be) ready and all of us __________(be) here, let's begin our meeting.

　　11. Each book and each dictionary here_____________(publish) by BNUP last year.

　　12. Many a visitor __________(have) such an experience so far. are running　

　　are

　　is was published　

　　has had 4

　　13. More than one person__________(charge) with theft the other day.

　　14. One and a half buildings__________(burn) in the big fire last night.

　　15. His family __________(be) very large.

　　16. Gone __________(be) the days when teachers were looked down upon.

　　was charged　

　　is　

　　was burnt　

　　are 4

　　17. Growing in the field __________(be) green crops. What a beautiful scenery!

　　18. There __________(be) no reply from the company in charge up to now. are　

　　has been

　　3

　　1．谓语动词的单复数形式一般是根据主谓一致的原则来确定：

　　①主谓一致遵守的“就近原则”句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式由靠近谓语动词的名词确定。此类句式有：Neither A nor B…/Either A or B… / Whether A or B… /Not only A but also B … /A or B… /Not A but B …/There be A and B。谓语动词的单复数形式由靠近谓语动词的名词B确定。 4