cannot live without it 双重否定，相当于肯定句。 ◆Man cannot live without water.

　　没有水，人类就不能生存。 ◆Without the sun, nothing would grow.

　　没有太阳，就不会有生物。

　　◆It is hard to sleep without a cooler in this room. 没有空气调节器，在这间屋里很难入睡。

　　◆I just want an ordinary car without the frills. 我只要一辆没有多余装饰的普通汽车。

　　cannot; without 人和目的这二者是不能分开的。 You have purposes people. 1. B　考查固定句型。It's no use doing sth.做某事是白费力气。句意：不去行动只是抱怨是没有用的。 ? 1. It's no use ________ without taking action.(2011·上海)

　　A. complain

　　B. complaining

　　C. being complained

　　D. to be complained 2. A　本题考查动词在具体语境中的使用。句意：“你家里总是那么整洁——家里有3个孩子，你是怎么设法做到的？” 表示“设法做成某事”用manage it。serve 表示“为……服务；接待”；adapt 表示“使适应，使适合”；construct表示“建造，构筑；构思”。 2. Your house is always so neat — how do you ________ it with three children？(2010·山东)

　　A. manage

　　B. serve

　　C. adapt

　　D. construct 如何增加亮点(Ⅱ) 7. 适当运用非谓语结构 非谓语结构通常被认为是一种高级结构，适当运用非谓语结构，会给人熟练驾驭语言的印象。

　　[例]由于不知道她的地址，我没法和她联系。 [一般句]As I didn't know her address, I wasn't able to get in touch with her. [优秀句]Not knowing her address, I wasn't able to get in touch with her.

　　8. 注意文章的过渡与衔接 写作的评分标准是把衔接和连贯作为核心标准来要求的，其语篇衔接作用的极其重要性是不言而喻的。学生要学会恰当地使用这些表示逻辑关系的关联词语，使文章前后连贯，结构紧凑，过渡自然。表示过渡与衔接的常用表达有： (1)表示顺序：first, then, finally, in the end 等。 (2)表示转折：but, however, meanwhile, at the same time, instead, on the contrary, unfortunately, after all等。 (3)表示并列：both…and, as well as, neither…nor, either…or, some…some…等。 (4)表示递进：besides, even, moreover, what's more, furthermore等。 (5)表示时间：now, then, in the past, at present, in the future等。 (6)表示对比：while, on one hand, on the other hand, in the same way, just as等。 (7)表示因果：because, as, now that, so, therefore等。 (8)表示程度：first of all, above all, again and again等。 (9)表示强调：indeed, surely, certainly, of course等。 (10)表示列举：for example, such as, for instance等。 (11)表示总结：in a word, in short, in brief, in all, in conclusion等。 9. 合理安排句型 注意把意思相近、相似、互为补充的句子合为一个复杂句，使重点突出，并且要明确内在的逻辑关系。

　　When it is my birthday, my mother will cook some dishes to celebrate my birth, or she will give me some money to buy whatever I want. 改为：To celebrate my birthday, my mother always cooks some dishes or gives me some money to buy whatever I want. 改后的句子由两句变为一句，句义更易理解，逻辑更清楚。 10. 综合使用各类所谓的“高级”结构 [例]如果她的发音不比她老师好的话，至少也不会比她老师的差。 [一般句]If her pronunciation is not better than her teacher's, it is at least as good as her teacher's. [优秀句]Her pronunciation is as good as, if not better than, her teacher's.

　　11. 大胆使用高级词汇 Her dark eyes are very attractive. 她的黑眼睛很迷人。(用attractive比用beautiful高级) Is the manager available? 经理在不在？(用available比用in高级)

　　I happened upon her in the street the other day. 几天前，我在街上碰巧遇见了她。(用the other day比用a few days ago高级) Hearing the news, I felt kind of discouraged.

　　听到这个消息，我感到有点泄气。(kind of在此用作副词，意为“有点”) He stood before his teacher silently, with his head down. 他低着头，一言不发地站在老师面前。(with复合结构用得好) Module 7

　　Unit 1　 Living with technology（1） 1、 evolution n. 进化，发展，演变 ◆Our watchword is: “Evolution, not revolution.”

　　我们的口号是：“要循序渐进，不要剧烈变革。” ◆Our political institutions are in continuous evolution. 我们的政治制度正在不断发展中。

　　Darwin's theory of evolution 达尔文的进化论

　　accidental evolution 机遇性进化 　adaptive evolution 适应进化 　artificial evolution 人为进化 Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace 　. 查尔斯·达尔文和阿尔弗雷德· 罗素·华莱士各自独立地发现了进化论。 discovered evolution independently 2、 construct vt. 建造，构筑，编造 ◆This factory was constructed by our company.

　　这家工厂是由我们公司建设的。 build, construct, found, erect, establish, set up 这些动词均有“建设，建立，建造”之意。 build 普通用词，含义广泛，可指一切具体或抽象的建造或建立。 construct 较正式用词，强调根据一定计划进行的规模较大，结构较复杂，要求较高技术的建造。 found 侧重打下基础或创办，具体或抽象事物均可用。 erect 侧重指对高而垂直物的建造。使用不如build广泛。 establish 着重稳固地建成，可具体指国家、政府、学校或商店等的建立，也可指信仰、信用、名誉、法律、制度、规则等的建立。 set up 作“建立”用时，侧重于“开始”。可指具体或抽象的建立。 The novel a series of on-the-spot reports. 这部小说是根据一系列的现场报道而构思的。 is constructed from 3、 accessible adj. 可得到的，易接近的，可进入的，易受影响的，易理解的 ◆This database is only accessible by the authorized manager.

　　只有授权的管理员才可以访问此数据库。 ◆The information ought to be made more accessible.

　　资料应该明白易懂。 ◆This island is accessible only by boat.

　　这个小岛只能坐小船去。

　　an accessible person 温和的人 　accessible evidence 可取得的证件 ◆An open minded person is accessible to reasons.

　　虚心的人易于服理。

　　4、wind

　　vt. (wound, wound)上发条；缠，绕 　

　　◆The narrow road winds its way up to the top of Mountain Tai.

　　狭窄的道路弯弯曲曲，通往泰山山顶。

　　wind up 上发条；摇动；转动；以……告终；使(活动、会议等)结束 　wind sth. around sth. 缠绕；卷绕 　wind one's way 蜿蜒；曲折延伸 　wind down 逐渐变慢；逐渐平静下来；放松 ◆Let's see if we can wind this up by 7 o'clock.

　　看看咱们能不能在7点前把这个弄完。 ◆This year has been too busy for me; I need a holiday to wind down.

　　今年对我来说太忙，我需要一个假期去放松。 n. 风； 气流 ◆It was too hot without a breath of wind.

　　天气很炎热，连一丝风也没有。 5、 measure vt., vi. & n. 测量；打量；估量；link-v. (某物的)尺寸(长度数量)为……

　　measure…against… 对照……评价…… 　measure sb. for sth. 给某人量体裁衣 　take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事 　make…to one's own measure 依照某人的尺寸做…… 　take one's measure 量尺寸 ◆She measured the stranger with her eyes.

　　她用双眼打量着那个陌生人。 ◆When measured against the work of a professional, her efforts look unimpressive.

　　当和专业人员的工作相比时，她所作的努力看起来就不怎么起眼了。

　　①The lake ________ 130 ________ 80 kilometers.

　　这个湖长130公里，宽80公里。 ①measures; by　 ②She ____________ and found it was too long. 她拿着外套在我身上量了量，发现太长了。 ②measured the coat against me 6、 suitable adj. 合适的，适合的 　sb. is suitable for sth. / to do sth.

　　　＝ sb. is fit for sth. / to do sth. 某人适合做某事 　sth. is suitable for sb. 某事适宜某人

　　What time is suitable for us to meet?

　　我们什么时候会面合适？

　　The dress is not 　 for the party.

　　这件衣服不适合穿去参加晚会。 suitable to wear 7、 vote

　　n. 选举权，投票，选举，投票结果

　　v. 表决，选举，投票 ◆He became a citizen, thereby gaining the right to vote.

　　他成为公民，并因此获得了选举权。 ◆A large vote was polled.

　　投票踊跃。 ◆I suggested putting the matter to a vote, but the chairman objected to it.

　　我建议对此事投票表决，但主席表示反对。 　casting vote 决定性一票 　vote in 选举(选出来)

　　　vote down 否决

　　　vote of confidence 信任投票；赞同

　　　vote of thanks 公开鸣谢 　vote on 就……表决

　　　vote through 表决通过(投票赞成)

　　　hand vote 举手选举

　　At the end of the meeting, the motion.

　　会议结束前对该项提议进行了表决。 a vote was taken on keep pace with 跟上，

　　与……齐步前进 ◆One should keep pace with the times.

　　一个人应该跟上时代的步伐。 ◆Tom has to take long steps to keep pace with his father.

　　汤姆必须迈大步才能跟上他的父亲。

　　◆It's important for a firm to keep pace with changes in the market.

　　对一个公司来说，能跟上市场的发展是很重要的。 　keep off 不接近，避开

　　　keep out of 躲开，置身……之外

　　　keep on 反复地做，继续进行 　keep out of debt 不借债

　　　keep on ice 保存着

　　　keep out of mischief 不胡闹

　　　keep open house 盛情款待来客，好客 　keep out of the sun 放在阴处；避晒

　　　keep out 不许入内，挡在外面

　　　keep out of the way 避开

　　?I enjoy my job in research because I have to 　.

　　我喜欢我的研究工作，因为我得紧跟上所有的最新发展。 keep pace with all the latest developments 1、It took more than two decades, though, until 1951, for regular color TV broadcasts to begin in the USA. 然而，直到1951年，花了20多年，正常的彩电转播才在美国开始。 句中代词 it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的for regular color TV broadcasts to begin in the USA，为不定式的复合结构。 ◆It will take me three hours to fulfill the task.

　　要花3个小时，我才能完成任务。 常见的以it作形式主语的主语从句句型有4种： (1)It ＋be ＋形容词＋that从句 能用于这种句型的常见形容词有：necessary, clear, true, strange, important, wonderful, possible, likely, obvious, surprising等。 ◆It's clear that they badly need help.

　　很明显，他们急需援助。 ◆It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon.

　　很可能飓风马上就要到达。 注意：这类主语从句中，若形容词为necessary, important, essential, strange等，主语从句要用虚拟语气。谓语动词形式一般为“(should)＋动词原形”。 ◆It is necessary that you (should) master the computer.

　　你很有必要掌握电脑。

　　It is strange that he should have killed himself.

　　真奇怪，他竟然自杀了。 (2)It ＋be ＋名词词组＋that从句 常用于这种句型的名词词组有：a fact, a good idea, a pity, an honor, a shame, no wonder, good news等。 ◆It's a pity that you missed the film. 你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了。 (3)It ＋be ＋过去分词＋that从句 常用的过去分词有：said, reported, hoped, believed, expected, decided, well-known等。 ◆It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun. 众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。 注意：a. it作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别。试比较： ◆It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack. (主语从句，有that, 无逗号) 据报道，美国遭到恐怖分子的袭击。 ◆As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack.(定语从句，无that，有逗号) 据报道，美国遭到恐怖分子的袭击。 b．若过去分词为表示“建议”、“命令”、“愿望”，如suggested, ordered, requested等词时，从句需用虚拟语气(should＋动词原形)。 ◆It is requested that Mr. Wang (should) give a performance. 有人请求王先生表演一个节目。 (4)It ＋ seems/happens/appears/doesn't matter/makes no difference ＋ that从句。 ◆It happened that I had seen the film. 碰巧我已看过了那部电影。 ◆It seems that he is playing football. 好像他正在踢足球。 ◆It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not. 他是否参加会议无关紧要。 2、The telephone is very convenient for communication, and most people in the world today cannot live without it. 电话对于交流来说非常方便，当今世界上许多人没有电话就不能生存。

　　cannot live without it 双重否定，相当于肯定句。 ◆Man cannot live without water.

　　没有水，人类就不能生存。 ◆Without the sun, nothing would grow.

　　没有太阳，就不会有生物。

　　◆It is hard to sleep without a cooler in this room. 没有空气调节器，在这间屋里很难入睡。

　　◆I just want an ordinary car without the frills. 我只要一辆没有多余装饰的普通汽车。

　　cannot; without 人和目的这二者是不能分开的。 You have purposes people. 1. B　考查固定句型。It's no use doing sth.做某事是白费力气。句意：不去行动只是抱怨是没有用的。 ? 1. It's no use ________ without taking action.(2011·上海)

　　A. complain

　　B. complaining

　　C. being complained

　　D. to be complained 2. A　本题考查动词在具体语境中的使用。句意：“你家里总是那么整洁——家里有3个孩子，你是怎么设法做到的？” 表示“设法做成某事”用manage it。serve 表示“为……服务；接待”；adapt 表示“使适应，使适合”；construct表示“建造，构筑；构思”。 2. Your house is always so neat — how do you ________ it with three children？(2010·山东)

　　A. manage

　　B. serve

　　C. adapt

　　D. construct 如何增加亮点(Ⅱ) 7. 适当运用非谓语结构 非谓语结构通常被认为是一种高级结构，适当运用非谓语结构，会给人熟练驾驭语言的印象。

　　[例]由于不知道她的地址，我没法和她联系。 [一般句]As I didn't know her address, I wasn't able to get in touch with her. [优秀句]Not knowing her address, I wasn't able to get in touch with her.

　　8. 注意文章的过渡与衔接 写作的评分标准是把衔接和连贯作为核心标准来要求的，其语篇衔接作用的极其重要性是不言而喻的。学生要学会恰当地使用这些表示逻辑关系的关联词语，使文章前后连贯，结构紧凑，过渡自然。表示过渡与衔接的常用表达有： (1)表示顺序：first, then, finally, in the end 等。 (2)表示转折：but, however, meanwhile, at the same time, instead, on the contrary, unfortunately, after all等。 (3)表示并列：both…and, as well as, neither…nor, either…or, some…some…等。 (4)表示递进：besides, even, moreover, what's more, furthermore等。 (5)表示时间：now, then, in the past, at present, in the future等。 (6)表示对比：while, on one hand, on the other hand, in the same way, just as等。 (7)表示因果：because, as, now that, so, therefore等。 (8)表示程度：first of all, above all, again and again等。 (9)表示强调：indeed, surely, certainly, of course等。 (10)表示列举：for example, such as, for instance等。 (11)表示总结：in a word, in short, in brief, in all, in conclusion等。 9. 合理安排句型 注意把意思相近、相似、互为补充的句子合为一个复杂句，使重点突出，并且要明确内在的逻辑关系。

　　When it is my birthday, my mother will cook some dishes to celebrate my birth, or she will give me some money to buy whatever I want. 改为：To celebrate my birthday, my mother always cooks some dishes or gives me some money to buy whatever I want. 改后的句子由两句变为一句，句义更易理解，逻辑更清楚。 10. 综合使用各类所谓的“高级”结构 [例]如果她的发音不比她老师好的话，至少也不会比她老师的差。 [一般句]If her pronunciation is not better than her teacher's, it is at least as good as her teacher's. [优秀句]Her pronunciation is as good as, if not better than, her teacher's.

　　11. 大胆使用高级词汇 Her dark eyes are very attractive. 她的黑眼睛很迷人。(用attractive比用beautiful高级) Is the manager available? 经理在不在？(用available比用in高级)

　　I happened upon her in the street the other day. 几天前，我在街上碰巧遇见了她。(用the other day比用a few days ago高级) Hearing the news, I felt kind of discouraged.

　　听到这个消息，我感到有点泄气。(kind of在此用作副词，意为“有点”) He stood before his teacher silently, with his head down. 他低着头，一言不发地站在老师面前。(with复合结构用得好) Module 7

　　Unit 1　 Living with technology（1） 1、 evolution n. 进化，发展，演变 ◆Our watchword is: “Evolution, not revolution.”

　　我们的口号是：“要循序渐进，不要剧烈变革。” ◆Our political institutions are in continuous evolution. 我们的政治制度正在不断发展中。

　　Darwin's theory of evolution 达尔文的进化论

　　accidental evolution 机遇性进化 　adaptive evolution 适应进化 　artificial evolution 人为进化 Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace 　. 查尔斯·达尔文和阿尔弗雷德· 罗素·华莱士各自独立地发现了进化论。 discovered evolution independently 2、 construct vt. 建造，构筑，编造 ◆This factory was constructed by our company.

　　这家工厂是由我们公司建设的。 build, construct, found, erect, establish, set up 这些动词均有“建设，建立，建造”之意。 build 普通用词，含义广泛，可指一切具体或抽象的建造或建立。 construct 较正式用词，强调根据一定计划进行的规模较大，结构较复杂，要求较高技术的建造。 found 侧重打下基础或创办，具体或抽象事物均可用。 erect 侧重指对高而垂直物的建造。使用不如build广泛。 establish 着重稳固地建成，可具体指国家、政府、学校或商店等的建立，也可指信仰、信用、名誉、法律、制度、规则等的建立。 set up 作“建立”用时，侧重于“开始”。可指具体或抽象的建立。 The novel a series of on-the-spot reports. 这部小说是根据一系列的现场报道而构思的。 is constructed from 3、 accessible adj. 可得到的，易接近的，可进入的，易受影响的，易理解的 ◆This database is only accessible by the authorized manager.

　　只有授权的管理员才可以访问此数据库。 ◆The information ought to be made more accessible.

　　资料应该明白易懂。 ◆This island is accessible only by boat.

　　这个小岛只能坐小船去。

　　an accessible person 温和的人 　accessible evidence 可取得的证件 ◆An open minded person is accessible to reasons.

　　虚心的人易于服理。

　　4、wind

　　vt. (wound, wound)上发条；缠，绕 　

　　◆The narrow road winds its way up to the top of Mountain Tai.

　　狭窄的道路弯弯曲曲，通往泰山山顶。

　　wind up 上发条；摇动；转动；以……告终；使(活动、会议等)结束 　wind sth. around sth. 缠绕；卷绕 　wind one's way 蜿蜒；曲折延伸 　wind down 逐渐变慢；逐渐平静下来；放松 ◆Let's see if we can wind this up by 7 o'clock.

　　看看咱们能不能在7点前把这个弄完。 ◆This year has been too busy for me; I need a holiday to wind down.

　　今年对我来说太忙，我需要一个假期去放松。 n. 风； 气流 ◆It was too hot without a breath of wind.

　　天气很炎热，连一丝风也没有。 5、 measure vt., vi. & n. 测量；打量；估量；link-v. (某物的)尺寸(长度数量)为……

　　measure…against… 对照……评价…… 　measure sb. for sth. 给某人量体裁衣 　take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事 　make…to one's own measure 依照某人的尺寸做…… 　take one's measure 量尺寸 ◆She measured the stranger with her eyes.

　　她用双眼打量着那个陌生人。 ◆When measured against the work of a professional, her efforts look unimpressive.

　　当和专业人员的工作相比时，她所作的努力看起来就不怎么起眼了。

　　①The lake ________ 130 ________ 80 kilometers.

　　这个湖长130公里，宽80公里。 ①measures; by　 ②She ____________ and found it was too long. 她拿着外套在我身上量了量，发现太长了。 ②measured the coat against me 6、 suitable adj. 合适的，适合的 　sb. is suitable for sth. / to do sth.

　　　＝ sb. is fit for sth. / to do sth. 某人适合做某事 　sth. is suitable for sb. 某事适宜某人

　　What time is suitable for us to meet?

　　我们什么时候会面合适？

　　The dress is not 　 for the party.

　　这件衣服不适合穿去参加晚会。 suitable to wear 7、 vote

　　n. 选举权，投票，选举，投票结果

　　v. 表决，选举，投票 ◆He became a citizen, thereby gaining the right to vote.

　　他成为公民，并因此获得了选举权。 ◆A large vote was polled.

　　投票踊跃。 ◆I suggested putting the matter to a vote, but the chairman objected to it.

　　我建议对此事投票表决，但主席表示反对。 　casting vote 决定性一票 　vote in 选举(选出来)

　　　vote down 否决

　　　vote of confidence 信任投票；赞同

　　　vote of thanks 公开鸣谢 　vote on 就……表决

　　　vote through 表决通过(投票赞成)

　　　hand vote 举手选举

　　At the end of the meeting, the motion.

　　会议结束前对该项提议进行了表决。 a vote was taken on keep pace with 跟上，

　　与……齐步前进 ◆One should keep pace with the times.

　　一个人应该跟上时代的步伐。 ◆Tom has to take long steps to keep pace with his father.

　　汤姆必须迈大步才能跟上他的父亲。

　　◆It's important for a firm to keep pace with changes in the market.

　　对一个公司来说，能跟上市场的发展是很重要的。 　keep off 不接近，避开

　　　keep out of 躲开，置身……之外

　　　keep on 反复地做，继续进行 　keep out of debt 不借债

　　　keep on ice 保存着

　　　keep out of mischief 不胡闹

　　　keep open house 盛情款待来客，好客 　keep out of the sun 放在阴处；避晒

　　　keep out 不许入内，挡在外面

　　　keep out of the way 避开

　　?I enjoy my job in research because I have to 　.

　　我喜欢我的研究工作，因为我得紧跟上所有的最新发展。 keep pace with all the latest developments 1、It took more than two decades, though, until 1951, for regular color TV broadcasts to begin in the USA. 然而，直到1951年，花了20多年，正常的彩电转播才在美国开始。 句中代词 it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的for regular color TV broadcasts to begin in the USA，为不定式的复合结构。 ◆It will take me three hours to fulfill the task.

　　要花3个小时，我才能完成任务。 常见的以it作形式主语的主语从句句型有4种： (1)It ＋be ＋形容词＋that从句 能用于这种句型的常见形容词有：necessary, clear, true, strange, important, wonderful, possible, likely, obvious, surprising等。 ◆It's clear that they badly need help.

　　很明显，他们急需援助。 ◆It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon.

　　很可能飓风马上就要到达。 注意：这类主语从句中，若形容词为necessary, important, essential, strange等，主语从句要用虚拟语气。谓语动词形式一般为“(should)＋动词原形”。 ◆It is necessary that you (should) master the computer.

　　你很有必要掌握电脑。

　　It is strange that he should have killed himself.

　　真奇怪，他竟然自杀了。 (2)It ＋be ＋名词词组＋that从句 常用于这种句型的名词词组有：a fact, a good idea, a pity, an honor, a shame, no wonder, good news等。 ◆It's a pity that you missed the film. 你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了。 (3)It ＋be ＋过去分词＋that从句 常用的过去分词有：said, reported, hoped, believed, expected, decided, well-known等。 ◆It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun. 众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。 注意：a. it作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别。试比较： ◆It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack. (主语从句，有that, 无逗号) 据报道，美国遭到恐怖分子的袭击。 ◆As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack.(定语从句，无that，有逗号) 据报道，美国遭到恐怖分子的袭击。 b．若过去分词为表示“建议”、“命令”、“愿望”，如suggested, ordered, requested等词时，从句需用虚拟语气(should＋动词原形)。 ◆It is requested that Mr. Wang (should) give a performance. 有人请求王先生表演一个节目。 (4)It ＋ seems/happens/appears/doesn't matter/makes no difference ＋ that从句。 ◆It happened that I had seen the film. 碰巧我已看过了那部电影。 ◆It seems that he is playing football. 好像他正在踢足球。 ◆It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not. 他是否参加会议无关紧要。 2、The telephone is very convenient for communication, and most people in the world today cannot live without it. 电话对于交流来说非常方便，当今世界上许多人没有电话就不能生存。