语 法 第7讲

　　其他常见考点 强调

　　强调结构(It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who···)因其实用性强、易与其他句型结合、创新力度大而受到命题者的青睐。以下是常见的考点：

　　1.常见的强调句结构是it引导的句子。

　　It is/was +被强调部分+ that/who + 句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语、宾语和状语。

　　It is from the sun that we get light and heat.

　　2.一般疑问句的强调结构句型为:Is/Was it + 被强调部分 + that/who···?

　　Is it from the sun that we get light and heat? 强调

　　强调结构(It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who···)因其实用性强、易与其他句型结合、创新力度大而受到命题者的青睐。以下是常见的考点：

　　3.特殊疑问句的强调结构句型为: 特殊疑问词( Who/What/When/Where/Why/How···)+is/was it that···?

　　Why was it that Li Lei came late again?

　　这类强调结构置于从句中时应使用陈述句语序。

　　The question is who it is that we can trust.

　　4.not···until···句式的强调有固定的句型,

　　即It is/was not until···that···

　　It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs. 倒装

　　倒装可分为“全部倒装”和“部分倒装”。句子是全部倒装还是部分倒装往往取决于位于句首的词语。因此,弄清具有倒装要求的标志词是解题的关键。 一、全部倒装

　　将整个谓语提到主语之前的称为全部倒装。常见的有:

　　1. 用于“there (here, now, then)+不及物动词+主语”的句型中,或以in, out, down, up, away等副词开头的句子里,以示强调。

　　There goes the bell.

　　注意:当上面的主语是人称代词时,尽管副词位于句首,主谓语序不倒装。

　　2. 表示方位意义的介词短语或副词短语位于句首作状语,谓语动词为be,表示“位于、存在”的动词或“位置移动”的单个不及物动词时。

　　From the valley came a frightening sound.

　　3. 作表语的形容词、分词、介词短语放在句首时。 Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people. 倒装

　　将谓语的一部分(即情态动词、系动词或助动词)提到主语之前的称为部分倒装。如果句中没有情态动词、系动词或助动词,谓语只是一个实义动词,要在主语前加助动词do, does或did,主语后的实义动词用原形。常见的有: 二、部分倒装

　　1. 当“so/such···that···”结构中的so或such位于句首时,构成部分倒装句。

　　2. 当具有否定意义的词(no,not,never, neither, nor, nowhere, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not until, not only, no sooner, by no means, in no case/way, at no time, etc.)位于句首时, 以及有not only···but (also), no sooner···than, hardly···when, scarcely···when等结构时,要用部分倒装。 Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

　　Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 倒装 二、部分倒装

　　注意：

　　①当not until引导主从复合句时，主句倒装，从句不倒装。

　　②只有当not only···but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的not only···but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。

　　Not only you but also I am fond of music. 倒装 二、部分倒装

　　3. only位于句首,修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时,要用部分倒装。

　　注意: only修饰状语从句时,主句倒装,从句不倒装; Only修饰的不是状语时,则不用倒装语序。

　　Only in this way, can you learn English well.

　　Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.

　　如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。

　　Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. 倒装 二、部分倒装

　　4. 当as/though引导让步状语从句时,可出现“名词/形容词/副词/分词 + as + 主语 + 动词”或“动词 + as + 主语 + 助动词”的倒装形式。当表语是名词时,名词前不加任何冠词。句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

　　Try hard as he will, he never seems to be able to do the work satisfactorily.

　　注意:

　　让步状语从句中，有though，although时,后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。 倒装

　　二、部分倒装

　　5. 当however, no matter how引导让步状语从句时,常把however/no matter how + 形容词/副词放在句首,此时主谓不倒装。

　　6. 虚拟条件句的倒装

　　虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us.

　　Had you come earlier, you would have met him.=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.　

　　Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain,

　　the crops would be saved. 例 1 （2009·江西）It was

　　he came back from Africa that year

　　he met the girl he would like to marry.

　　A. when; then

　　B. not; until

　　C. not until; that

　　D. only; when 强调句型。根据It is···that 结构可知。

　　剖析 例 2 （2009·安徽）

　　a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.

　　A. It has

　　B. They have

　　C. It remains

　　D. There remains

　　there be句型的考查。

　　剖析 例 3 （2009·湖南） You and I could hardly work together,

　　?

　　A. could you

　　B. couldn’t I

　　C. couldn’t we

　　D. could we

　　反义疑问句的用法。根据陈述部分是肯定形式，疑问部分用否定形式；反之。陈述部分中含有否定词hardly，故疑问部分用肯定形式，主语是you and I，故应选D。

　　剖析 例 4 （2009·江西） Some of you may have finished unit one.

　　, you can go on to unit two.

　　A. If you may

　　B. If you do

　　C. If not

　　D. If so 省略句的用法。If so = If you have done that/so。

　　剖析 例 5 （2009·陕西） Little

　　about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.

　　A. did Rose care

　　B. Rose did care

　　C. Rose does care

　　D. does Rose care

　　little是具有否定意义的词，位于句首时句子用部分倒装。见部分倒装第2条。

　　剖析 例 6 （2009·山东） So sudden

　　that the enemy had no time to escape.

　　A. did the attack

　　B. the attack did

　　C. was the attack

　　D. the attack was

　　so···that···, such···that···的句子结构中，若so, such 和与其所修饰的词置于句首，实行部分倒装，sudden是形容词，作表语，所以选C。

　　剖析

　　语 法 第7讲

　　其他常见考点 强调

　　强调结构(It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who···)因其实用性强、易与其他句型结合、创新力度大而受到命题者的青睐。以下是常见的考点：

　　1.常见的强调句结构是it引导的句子。

　　It is/was +被强调部分+ that/who + 句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语、宾语和状语。

　　It is from the sun that we get light and heat.

　　2.一般疑问句的强调结构句型为:Is/Was it + 被强调部分 + that/who···?

　　Is it from the sun that we get light and heat? 强调

　　强调结构(It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who···)因其实用性强、易与其他句型结合、创新力度大而受到命题者的青睐。以下是常见的考点：

　　3.特殊疑问句的强调结构句型为: 特殊疑问词( Who/What/When/Where/Why/How···)+is/was it that···?

　　Why was it that Li Lei came late again?

　　这类强调结构置于从句中时应使用陈述句语序。

　　The question is who it is that we can trust.

　　4.not···until···句式的强调有固定的句型,

　　即It is/was not until···that···

　　It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs. 倒装

　　倒装可分为“全部倒装”和“部分倒装”。句子是全部倒装还是部分倒装往往取决于位于句首的词语。因此,弄清具有倒装要求的标志词是解题的关键。 一、全部倒装

　　将整个谓语提到主语之前的称为全部倒装。常见的有:

　　1. 用于“there (here, now, then)+不及物动词+主语”的句型中,或以in, out, down, up, away等副词开头的句子里,以示强调。

　　There goes the bell.

　　注意:当上面的主语是人称代词时,尽管副词位于句首,主谓语序不倒装。

　　2. 表示方位意义的介词短语或副词短语位于句首作状语,谓语动词为be,表示“位于、存在”的动词或“位置移动”的单个不及物动词时。

　　From the valley came a frightening sound.

　　3. 作表语的形容词、分词、介词短语放在句首时。 Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people. 倒装

　　将谓语的一部分(即情态动词、系动词或助动词)提到主语之前的称为部分倒装。如果句中没有情态动词、系动词或助动词,谓语只是一个实义动词,要在主语前加助动词do, does或did,主语后的实义动词用原形。常见的有: 二、部分倒装

　　1. 当“so/such···that···”结构中的so或such位于句首时,构成部分倒装句。

　　2. 当具有否定意义的词(no,not,never, neither, nor, nowhere, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not until, not only, no sooner, by no means, in no case/way, at no time, etc.)位于句首时, 以及有not only···but (also), no sooner···than, hardly···when, scarcely···when等结构时,要用部分倒装。 Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

　　Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 倒装 二、部分倒装

　　注意：

　　①当not until引导主从复合句时，主句倒装，从句不倒装。

　　②只有当not only···but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的not only···but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。

　　Not only you but also I am fond of music. 倒装 二、部分倒装

　　3. only位于句首,修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时,要用部分倒装。

　　注意: only修饰状语从句时,主句倒装,从句不倒装; Only修饰的不是状语时,则不用倒装语序。

　　Only in this way, can you learn English well.

　　Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.

　　如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。

　　Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. 倒装 二、部分倒装

　　4. 当as/though引导让步状语从句时,可出现“名词/形容词/副词/分词 + as + 主语 + 动词”或“动词 + as + 主语 + 助动词”的倒装形式。当表语是名词时,名词前不加任何冠词。句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

　　Try hard as he will, he never seems to be able to do the work satisfactorily.

　　注意:

　　让步状语从句中，有though，although时,后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。 倒装

　　二、部分倒装

　　5. 当however, no matter how引导让步状语从句时,常把however/no matter how + 形容词/副词放在句首,此时主谓不倒装。

　　6. 虚拟条件句的倒装

　　虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us.

　　Had you come earlier, you would have met him.=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.　

　　Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain,

　　the crops would be saved. 例 1 （2009·江西）It was

　　he came back from Africa that year

　　he met the girl he would like to marry.

　　A. when; then

　　B. not; until

　　C. not until; that

　　D. only; when 强调句型。根据It is···that 结构可知。

　　剖析 例 2 （2009·安徽）

　　a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.

　　A. It has

　　B. They have

　　C. It remains

　　D. There remains

　　there be句型的考查。

　　剖析 例 3 （2009·湖南） You and I could hardly work together,

　　?

　　A. could you

　　B. couldn’t I

　　C. couldn’t we

　　D. could we

　　反义疑问句的用法。根据陈述部分是肯定形式，疑问部分用否定形式；反之。陈述部分中含有否定词hardly，故疑问部分用肯定形式，主语是you and I，故应选D。

　　剖析 例 4 （2009·江西） Some of you may have finished unit one.

　　, you can go on to unit two.

　　A. If you may

　　B. If you do

　　C. If not

　　D. If so 省略句的用法。If so = If you have done that/so。

　　剖析 例 5 （2009·陕西） Little

　　about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.

　　A. did Rose care

　　B. Rose did care

　　C. Rose does care

　　D. does Rose care

　　little是具有否定意义的词，位于句首时句子用部分倒装。见部分倒装第2条。

　　剖析 例 6 （2009·山东） So sudden

　　that the enemy had no time to escape.

　　A. did the attack

　　B. the attack did

　　C. was the attack

　　D. the attack was

　　so···that···, such···that···的句子结构中，若so, such 和与其所修饰的词置于句首，实行部分倒装，sudden是形容词，作表语，所以选C。

　　剖析