课时知能训练

　　Ⅰ.完形填空

　　(2024·广东省深圳调研)The market for children's products in China will double within the next five years，a report made public at a kids expo in east China's Zhejiang Province has predicted.

　　The market __1__for children's products in China was more than 1 trillion yuan (152 billion U．S.dollars) in 2010 and that

　　__2__is expected to hit 2 trillion yuan by 2024，according to the report.

　　The report owes the __3__ growth of the business to the country's large population，steady consumption and __4__attention to child health and education in recent years.

　　It is __5__that China has a population of about 200 million __6__under the age of 10，the report said.

　　A Chinese family will spend an __7__of 5,000 yuan (758 dollars) per child each year，according to a __8__ by the Hangzhou Association of Industries on Children.This money goes to a variety of companies __9__ child products and __10__ such as baby milk powder，clothing，toys，education and entertainment.

　　According to a report by the China E-commerce Research Center，online purchases of baby milk powder from overseas companies __11__reached 2.4 billion yuan in 2010，__12__ second only to make-ups.Education is another area that has __13__ investors at home and abroad.Twelve Chinese __14__institutions have won financial support from overseas risk capitalists，with __15__ totaling 100 million dollars so far.

　　【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了中国市场不断增长的儿童产品的需求，分析了不断增长的原因；相关部门的调查表明，国外品牌的儿童奶粉销售额仅次于化妆品，因此吸引了大批国内外投资商对儿童产品的投资。

　　1．A.request　B．demand

　　C．requirement

　　D．devotion

　　【解析】　考查名词。表达市场需求量，应用demand for...，故选B。

　　【答案】　B

　　2．A.figure

　　B．result

　　C．production

　　D．money

　　【解析】　考查名词。因为上文提到数字“1 trillion yuan”，故应用figure。

　　【答案】　A

　　3．A.smooth

　　B．small

　　C．rapid

　　D．slow

　　【解析】　考查形容词。上文提到数字从1 trillion长到2 trillion，由此可推知增长速度快，故选rapid。

　　【答案】　C

　　4．A.existed

　　B．reduced

　　C．drawn

　　D．increased

　　【解析】　考查形容词。根据上文提到的“double，rapid growth，steady”等词可知，该空应用increased。

　　【答案】　D

　　5．A.confirmed

　　B．advertised

　　C．assessed

　　D．proposed

　　【解析】　考查动词。根据下文中的“about 200 million”可推知，此处是估计，不可能是确认。故选C。

　　【答案】　C

　　6．A.children

　　B．adults

　　C．teenagers

　　D．students

　　【解析】　考查名词。根据“under the age of ten”的限定和上文提到的“children's products”可知选A。

　　【答案】　A

　　7．A.offer

　　B．account

　　C．expense

　　D．average

　　【解析】　考查名词。根据“per child each year”可知应选average，而其他选项虽然意思通顺，但不符合文意和用词习惯。

　　【答案】　D

　　8．A.survey

　　B．record

　　C．document

　　D．finding

　　【解析】　考查名词。根据上下文语境可知，此处是一项调查，因此用“survey”最合适。

　　【答案】　A

　　9．A.making

　　B．sending

　　C．providing

　　D．leading

　　【解析】　考查动词。provide sb.sth.意为“提供给某人某物”，符合语境，此处是现在分词短语作定语。故选C。

　　【答案】　C

　　10．A.prices

　　B．services

　　C．cares

　　D．qualities

　　【解析】　考查名词。根据上下文语境可知，应为“提供产品和服务”。故选B。

　　【答案】　B

　　11．A.hopefully

　　B．unexpectedly

　　C．theoretically

　　D．fortunately

　　【解析】　考查副词。根据上下文语境可知，增长速度超出预料。unexpectedly意为“意外地，出人预料地”，符合语境，故选B。

　　【答案】　B

　　12．A.ranking

　　B．standing

　　C．topping

　　D．keeping

　　【解析】　考查动词。rank second to sth.意为“排位仅次于……”。句意：国外品牌的儿童奶粉的销售额仅次于化妆品。故选A。

　　【答案】　A

　　13．A.surprised

　　B．influenced

　　C．shocked

　　D．attracted

　　【解析】　考查动词。根据上下文语境可知，“迅速的增长”吸引了投资者。故选D。

　　【答案】　D

　　14．A.entertaining

　　B．educational

　　C．training

　　D．cultural

　　【解析】　考查形容词。根据文章主旨和上文中的“education”可知应选B。

　　【答案】　B

　　15．A.materials

　　B．exports

　　C．investments

　　D．products

　　【解析】　考查名词。根据上文的“investors”和下文的数字可知答案选C。

　　【答案】　C

　　Ⅱ.语法填空

　　(2024·广州质检)Hic! You've just hiccupped (打嗝) for the tenth time since you finished dinner.Wonder 1.________these funny noises are coming from? The part 2.________(blame) is your diaphragm，the muscle (肌肉) at the bottom of your chest.All hiccups start here.

　　The diaphragm almost always 3.________(work) perfectly—it pulls down when you breathe in to help pull air into the lungs 4.________it moves up when you breathe out to help push air out of the lungs.But sometimes the diaphragm becomes upset，and when 5.________happens，it pushes up in an irregular way，making your breath come out differently 6.________how it normally does.When this irregular breath hits your voice box，you're left with a big hiccup.Things 7.________bother the diaphragm include eating too quickly or too much，stomachaches or feeling nervous.

　　If you want to know 8.________ to get rid of hiccups，here are some “cures”.9.________ (breathe) into a paper bag is one method some people use.Others think taking a mouthful of water is the way to become hiccup-free.Sugar under your tongue might also drive away the hiccups.And maybe the most famous 10.________ (treat)，having someone scare you，also helps beat the hiccups.

　　【答案】　1.where　根据come from可知缺少地点状语，故用where。

　　2．to blame　空格处内容作为the part的后置定语，表示“打嗝声来源的部位是你的横膈膜”，to blame用主动形式表示被动意义。意为“应受责备，是……起因”。

　　3．works　根据always可确定时态，work在此意为“运作”，故用主动语态。

　　4．and/or　前后两句是并列关系，所以需要并列连词，故用and或者or。

　　5．this/it/that　空格处指代的内容是“sometimes the diaphragm becomes upset”，且根据“and when”推测此处可以用指示代词或者it。

　　6．from/to　表示呼吸的方式不同于以往正常情况，故用from或者to。

　　7．that/which　things为先行词，谓语动词是include，“______ bother the diaphragm”是定语从句，修饰things，故用关系代词that或which引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语。

　　8．how　疑问词＋不定式在句中作know的宾语，且表示方式，故用how。

　　9．Breathing/To breathe “________ (breathe) into a paper bag”在句中作主语，且表示主动，故用动名词或者不定式。

　　10．treatment　famous为形容词，应修饰名词，因有the most修饰，只能用单数，故用treatment。

　　Ⅲ.阅读理解

　　A

　　(2011·山东高考)Diana Jacobs thought her family had a workable plan to pay for college for her 21-year-old twin sons：a combination of savings，income，scholarships，and a modest amount of borrowing.Then her husband lost his job，and the plan fell apart.

　　“I have two kids in college，and I want to say‘come home’，but at the same time I want to provide them with a good education，”says Jacobs.

　　The Jacobs family did work out a solution：They asked and received more aid from the schools，and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount through the federal loan(贷款)program.They will each graduate with$20,000 of debt，but at least they will be able to finish school.

　　With unemployment rising，financial aid administrators expect to hear from more families like the Jacobses.More students are applying for aid，and more families expect to need student loans.College administrators are concerned that they will not have enough aid money to go around.

　　At the same time，tuition(学费)continues to rise.A report from the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education found that college tuition and fees increased 439% from 1982 to 2007，while average family income rose just 147%.Student borrowing has more than doubled in the last decade.

　　“If we go on this way for another 25 years，we won't have an affordable system of higher education，”says Patrick M．Callan，president of the center.“The middle class families have been financing it through debt.They will send kids to college whatever it takes，even if that means a huge amount of debt.”

　　Financial aid administrators have been having a hard time as many companies decide that student loans are not profitable enough and have stopped making them.The good news，however，is that federal loans account for about three quarters of student borrowing，and the government says that money will flow uninterrupted.

　　【语篇解读】　本文通过描述Jacobs家一对双胞胎儿子在上大学时遇到的经济困难，告诉大家在失业率增加的同时，现在上大学的学费越来越高，贷款的学生也越来越多，以至于许多公司不得不停止对学生的贷款，但是承担大部分学生贷款的政府贷款资助不会中断。

　　1．According to Paragraph 1，why did the plan of the Jacobs family fail?

　　A．The twins wasted too much money.

　　B．The father was out of work.

　　C．Their savings ran out.

　　D．The family fell apart.

　　【解析】　细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“Then her husband lost his job，and the plan fell apart.”可知选B。

　　【答案】　B

　　2．How did the Jacobses manage to solve their problem?

　　A．They asked their kids to come home.

　　B．They borrowed $20,000 from the schools.

　　C．They encouraged their twin sons to do part-time jobs.

　　D．They got help from the schools and the federal government.

　　【解析】　细节理解题。由第三段中的“They asked and received more aid from the schools，and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount through the federal loan(贷款)program.”可知选D。

　　【答案】　D

　　3．Financial aid administrators believe that________.

　　A．more families will face the same problem as the Jacobses

　　B．the government will receive more letters of complaint

　　C．college tuition fees will double soon

　　D．America's unemployment will fall

　　【解析】　细节理解题。由第四段中的“...financial aid administrators expect to hear from more families like the Jacobses.More students are applying for aid，and more families expect to need student loans.”可知选A。

　　【答案】　A

　　4．What can we learn about the middle class families from the text?

　　A．They blamed the government for the tuition increase.

　　B．Their income remained steady in the last decade.

　　C．They will try their best to send kids to college.

　　D．Their debts will be paid off within 25 years.

　　【解析】　推理判断题。由第六段中的“They will send kids to college whatever it takes，even if that means a huge amount of debt.”可知选C。

　　【答案】　C

　　5．According to the last paragraph，the government will________.

　　A．provide most students with scholarships

　　B．dismiss some financial aid administrators

　　C．stop the companies from making student loans

　　D．go on providing financial support for college students

　　【解析】　推理判断题。由最后一段最后一句“...the government says that money will

　　flow uninterrupted.”可知政府将会继续给大学生提供贷款资助。

　　【答案】　D

　　B

　　Farming is moving indoors，where the sun never shines，where rainfall is irrelevant and where the climate is always right.The perfect crop field could be inside a windowless building with controlled light，temperature，wetness，air quality and nutrition.It could be in a New York high-rise or a complex in the Saudi desert.

　　The world already is having trouble feeding itself.Half the people on Earth live in cities，and nearly half of those—about 3 billion—are hungry or ill-fed.Food prices，currently increasing，are buffeted by dryness，floods and the cost of energy required to plant，harvest and transport it. And prices will only get more unstable. Climate change makes long-term crop planning uncertain.Farmers in many parts of the world already are using water available to the last drop.And the world is getting more crowded：by mid-century，the global population will grow from 6.8 billion to 9 billion.

　　To feed so many people may require expanding farmland at the expense of forests and wilderness，or finding ways to completely increase crop output.

　　Gertjan Meeuws has taken the concept of a greenhouse a step further，growing vegetables and house plants in enclosed (封闭的)and regulated environments.In their research station，water flows into the pans when needed，and the temperature is kept constant.Lights go on and off，creating similar day and night，but according to the rhythm of the plant.

　　A building of 100 square meters and 14 layers(层)of plants could provide a daily diet of 200 grams of fresh fruit and vegetables to the entire population of Den Bosch，about 140,000 people.Their idea isn't to grow foods that require much space，like corn or potatoes.

　　Here sunlight is not only unnecessary but can be harmful.Plants need only specific wavelengths of light to grow.Their growth rate is three times faster than under greenhouse conditions. They use about 90 percent less water than outdoors agriculture.And city farming means producing food near the consumer，and there's no need to transport it long distances.

　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，本文主要讲述了研究者Gertjan Meeuws和他的几位同事所研究的一种未来农业模式：不需要阳光和下雨的室内农业，它不同于温室农业，是一种节能、节水和环保的农业方式，具有适应性强，成本低等特色。