2024版英语一轮精品复习学案：Unit4 Making the news（新人教版必修5）

　　【高考新动向】

　　【考纲全景透析】

　　【重点单词】

　　1. concentrate on 集中；全神贯注于

　　【归纳拓展】concentrate one’s mind/ attention on （upon） 把注意力集中在

　　同义词组：fix one’ s attention on

　　focus onbe absorbed in

　　如果指较长时间的全心全意做某事，用下面短语：

　　put one’s heart into sth.

　　devote oneself to sth. /doing sth.

　　concentrated adj. 极度的，紧张的，浓缩的

　　concentrated study/hate/effort 紧张的学习/强烈的仇恨/专心致志的努力

　　concentrated fire

　　集中的火力

　　concentrated food

　　浓缩食品concentration n. 集中， 专心

　　with deep concentration专心I can't concentrate (on my studies) with all that noise going on.

　　吵闹声不绝于耳, 我精神无法集中（于学习）.

　　We must concentrate our efforts on improving education.

　　我们必须致力改进教育工作

　　Having failed my French exams, I decided to concentrate on science subjects.

　　我因法语考试不及格而决心专攻理科This firm concentrates on the European market.

　　这公司把工作重点集中在欧洲市场【即】（1）___________________________ your study if you want to catch up with the class.

　　（答案： Put your heart into/Concentrate your mind on）

　　（2）He _____________________ helping the people in need. He set a good example to us.

　　(答案： devoted himself to)① Please inform us of any change of address as soon as possible.

　　地址若有变更请尽快通知我们。

　　② We regret to inform you that your application has been rejected.

　　我们很遗憾地通知你，你的申请未被接受。

　　③ Please keep me fully informed of any developments.

　　事态如有发展，请向我提供详情。

　　的承受者，故选B。

　　4．case

　　n.事；事例

　　case 的义项比较多，可作“情形；场合；状况；事实；实情；案件；诉讼；病症；病例”讲

　　① as is often the case 这是常有的事

　　② as the case stands 在目前的情况下，就现有的情况而论

　　③ in this / that case 如果是这样／那样的话

　　④ in any case 无论如何，总之

　　⑤ in case (that)-clause 假使。如果，万一

　　⑥ in case of 万一……，如果发生……

　　⑦ (just)in case 以防(万一) (引导虚拟语气)

　　⑧ in most cases 在大多数情况下

　　Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot.

　　倘若太阳很害，你就把帽子戴上

　　In case of rain they can't go.

　　万一下雨，他们就不能去了

　　This is a case of stupidity, not dishonesty.

　　这只是个愚蠢的例子,并非不诚实

　　The police have a clear case against the prisoner.

　　警察有充足的事实对付那个囚犯

　　In this case I'm acting for my friend Mr Smith.

　　我在这次诉讼中代表我的朋友史密斯的利益

　　【即用】1. As you can imagine, everything in our

　　school is_______________ . (状况良好)

　　2. _________________(如果) snow, you

　　must put on your heavy coat.

　　3. You shouldn’t speak in class.

　　______________________(如果是那样的话), you can’t hear

　　what the teacher says.

　　4. You shouldn’t get angry with your teacher____________(无论如何).

　　5. ______________(决不) can you hurt our feeling as well as friendship.

　　6. The naughty girl made a face in class

　　yesterday, _____________(正如往常那样).

　　7. You should take some measures ________________(根据具体的情况).

　　8. Everything here is normal ______________________(就目前的情况而言).

　　9. Your article is well written _______________________(就所有情况而言).

　　10. The little girl hid the story book _____________(以防) her teacher would see it.

　　(答案: 1. in good case 2. In case of 3. In that case 4. in any case 5. In no case 6. as is often / usually the case 7. as the case may be 8. as the case stands 9. in all case 10. in case)

　　4．accuse

　　vt. accused, accusing 控告；指控 1). 表示因某事而控告、指控、指责某人，通常用accuse sb of (doing) sth，其中的介词of doing sth不能改为for doing sth，也不能换成to do sth。

　　2）. 其后不能接that从句或动名词作宾语，如不能将“他们控告他受贿”译作 They accused (him) that he took bribes. / They accused his taking bribes. 可改作They accused him of taking bribes.

　　3）. 若表示“指控某人为…”，则用介词as：They accused him as an accomplice. 他们指控他为从犯

　　4）. the accused指“被告”，可指一人或多人，用作主语时，谓语视具体情况使用单数或复数：The accused was a girl. 被告是个女孩。/ Two of the accused were sentenced to imprisonment. 有两个被告被判监禁

　　The police accused him of murder. 警方指控他谋杀

　　The police accused him of stealing. 警方控告他犯有盗窃罪

　　Mary was accused as an accomplice. 玛丽被指控为同谋犯

　　【归纳比较】accuse/charge

　　两个动词都有“控诉，指控”之意，但它们后面所搭配的介词不同

　　accuse v.指控，控诉，与介词of连用。The police accused him of theft.警察指控他犯有盗窃罪。

　　charge v.可以指因为小错而受的责备，也指因违法而受到控告，与介词with连用

　　The police charged him with murder.警察指控他犯了谋杀罪

　　in charge of 主管,看管

　　in(under)the charge of 在……的掌管下 charge sb. with 指控某人……… charge(sb.)…(money)for sth. 要价,要(某人)付….(钱)买某物 take charge 开始管理,接管【即】改错

　　1）The police accused him for theft.2）He was accused for an accomplice.

　　3）The accuser was acquitted.

　　（答案：1）theft改为stealing 2） for改为as 3) The accuser was 改为The accused were.）

　　deny

　　vt.

　　denied, denying

　　否认；否定；拒绝相信

　　deny的意思还有“背弃；摒弃

　　拒绝；不给；不予；不允许”

　　deny oneself 自制；克己；舍弃

　　deny doing(否认做过某事)；

　　deny sb. sth(拒绝给某人某物)

　　deny+that从句

　　He said that I had stolen his bicycle, but I denied it. 他说我偷了他的自行车，可是我否认了

　　He denied his country.

　　他背弃了自己的国家

　　He denies his wife nothing.

　　他对他的妻子有求必应

　　【归纳比较】deny /decline /refuse /reject 都含“拒绝”的意思

　　▲deny指“坚定地否认某事为真实的”,如: He denied the charge. 他否认了控告

　　▲decline 指“较正式地、有礼貌地谢绝”,如: He declined our invitation to dinner.他婉拒了我们请他吃饭的邀请。主要用于拒绝有关社交活动的邀请或要求帮助的请求，后接名词或动词不定式，主语只能是人 I invited her to join us, but she declined.我邀请她和我们在一起，可是她婉言谢绝了

　　▲refuse 系普通用语,指“坚决、果断或坦率地(不友善地)拒绝”, 如: He refused to take the money. 他拒绝接受此款

　　▲reject指“以否定、敌对的态度而当面拒绝”(指通过抛弃或送走、专横地拒绝), 主语可以是人或物，后接名词，不能接动词不定式。如: They rejected damaged goods. 他们拒收损坏的货物。He asked her to go to the movies three times, and each time she rejected him.他三次约她去看电影，但每一次都被拒绝

　　【即用】If your race car isn’t insured, you may ?????losing everything when it hits something solid.A. delay????? ??????? ?B. deny???? ????????????? ??C. avoid??? ???????????? ?D. risk

　　（答案D）

　　① There have been demands for the prime minister to resign.

　　已有许多人要求首相辞职。

　　② After school Tom demanded help from /of me.

　　放学后，汤姆要求我帮助。

　　③ She demanded that I (should) tell everything to her about it .

　　她要求我把知道的整个事情都告诉她

　　【重点短语】

　　demand on 依靠；依赖

　　① He depend on his parents to take care of the children.

　　他依靠父母照顾孩子。

　　② Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.

　　孩子们依靠父母供给衣食。

　　③ ---- Is he coming? 他来吗？

　　---That depends. He may not have time.

　　那要看情况。他不一定有时间。

　　2. ahead of

　　adv., adj. 在前；向前；提前

　　【归纳拓展】ahead of, 注意以下用法：

　　(1) 指时间或空间的“在…之前”：

　　He is always ahead of the age. 他总是走在时代的前面。

　　(2) 表示“比…强 (高)” (主要用作表语)：

　　He’s ahead of me in English. 他的英语比我强。

　　He is two classes ahead of me. 他比我高两班。

　　(3) 用于 ahead of time, 意为“提前”或“提早”：

　　The work was done ahead of time. 工作提前完成了。

　　He didn’t want go there ahead of time. 他不想提前去那儿。

　　有时用于 ahead of schedule：

　　Walk straight ahead until you reach the river.

　　一直朝前走到河边

　　The road ahead was full of cattle.

　　前面的路上挤满了牛群

　　Owing to our joint efforts, the task was fulfilled ahead of time.

　　由于我们的共同努力，任务提前完成了He left one day ahead of me.

　　他比我早走一天。

　　Ahead of us is a river.

　　我们前面是一条河【即学即用】他提前完成了工作。（汉译英）

　　__________________________________________________

　　（答案：He finished his job ahead of schedule.）

　　3.so as to

　　目的是，以便

　　【归纳拓展】so as to 意为“为了，目的是”后接动词原形，在句中作目的状语，其否定形式为so as not to do sth.,可以转化成so that引导的目的状语从句。另外，in order to也可以做目的状语，但是so as to和so that引导的目的状语不可置于句首，且so that 目的状语从句的谓语动词常含有can, could, may, might等词1）She got up early in order to（so as to）catch the early bus.

　　为了赶上早班车，她起得很早

　　＝In order to catch the early bus, she got up early.

　　2）He spoke loudly so as to be heard.他大声说话，以便让人听到【即用】

　　（1）Tom kept quiet about the accident ________ lose his job.

　　A．so not as to

　　B．so as not to

　　C．so as to not

　　D．not so as to

　　（2）She searched the top of the hill and stopped ________ on a big rock.

　　A．to have rested

　　B．resting

　　C．to rest

　　D．rest

　　① Never before has our country been as united as it is .

　　现在我们的国家空前团结。

　　② Not only does he know French ,but also he is an expert at it.

　　他不仅懂法语，而且很精通。

　　③ Seldom does he go to the park at weekends.

　　在周末，他很少去公园。

　　His discussion with his new boss,Hu Xin (HX),was to strongly influence his life as a journalist.

　　他与他的新老板胡新的讨论对他的记者生涯会产生重要影响。

　　be to do 在句中表示后来发生的事，常翻译为“注定会。。。。，一定。。。。。。”。

　　① If we are to be there on time ,we’d better go now.

　　如果我们想按时到哪儿，我们最好现在就走。

　　② The meeting is to be held this afternoon..

　　会议今天下午举行。

　　③ I was about to leave when it began to rain.

　　我正要离开，这时开始下雨了。

　　【热点难点全析】

　　倒装

　　英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。把谓语动词提前，就叫倒装。如果把全部谓语放在主语之前，叫全部倒装；如果只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。倒装结构通常用于下列场合：

　　I. 全部倒装

　　1. 用于there be句型。例如：

　　There are many students in the classroom.

　　2. 用于“here（there，now，then）+不及物动词+主语”的句型中，或以out，in，up，down，away等副词开头的句子里，以表示强调。例如：

　　① Here comes the bus.

　　② There goes the bell.

　　③ Now comes your turn.

　　④ Out went the children.

　　注意：代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。例如：

　　⑤ Here it is

　　⑥ Here he comes.

　　3. 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，也常常引起全部倒装。例如：

　　① South of the city lies a big steel factory.

　　② From the valley came a frightening sound.

　　4. 表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主语”

　　1）形容词+连系动词+主语

　　Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests.

　　2）过去分词+连系动词+主语

　　Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.

　　3）介词短语+be+主语

　　Among the goods are Christmas trees，flowers，candles and toys.

　　5. 用于以so，nor，neither开头的句子，表示重复前句部分内容。原句的谓语应与前句谓语的时态、形式相一致例如：

　　①He has been to Beijing. So have I.

　　②Li Wei can’t answer the question. Neither can I.

　　6. 为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时

　　①They arrived at a farmhouse，in front of which sat a small boy.

　　②Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms.

　　Ⅱ. 部分倒装

　　1. 用于疑问句。例如：

　　Do you speak English?

　　2. 省略了if的条件句中，were，had或should可提到句首构成部分倒装例如：

　　①Were I not so busy，I should go with you.