* * * * * 4．due to因为，由于；预定；预期；应归于；应支付 ①[教材P30原句]　I think I would be a good journalist due to my language skills. 我认为由于我的语言技能我将会是一个好记者。 ②Perhaps, but maybe it's also due to the shortage of policemen on the streets.(摘自2011浙江高考·阅读理解A) 可能这也是因为街道上缺少警察。 be due to do sth.　 预期，预定要做某事 be due to sb.

　　应支付/应归于某人 be due for sth.

　　应得到某物 ③The meeting

　　until three. 会议预定要到3点钟才开始。 ④We‘ll

　　a pay rise soon. 不久就该给我们加工资了。 [关键一点]　due to构成的介词短语表示原因时，通常在句中作状语或表语，不放于句首，同义短语有owing to, thanks to, because of, as a result of, on account of等。 Isn’t due

　　to start due for 答案： ①You'd better take an umbrella with you in case of rain. ②You'd better take an umbrella with you in case it rains. Ⅰ.一句多译 1．你最好带上雨伞以防下雨。 ①________________________________________ ②________________________________________ 2．事故的发生是由于他的不慎驾驶。 ①_____________________________________________ ②______________________________________________ ③_____________________________________________ 答案： ①The accident was due to his careless driving. ②Owing to/Because of/On account of his careless driving, the accident happened. ③The accident resulted from his careless driving. Ⅱ.单项填空 1．Without my glasses, I couldn't ________ whether that

　　figure on the blackboard was a three or an eight. A．make outB．make up C．make for

　　D．make off 解析：make out“勉强认出，勉强分辨出”，符合句意。make up“编造；组成”；make for“走向，有利于”；make off“匆忙离开”。 答案： A

　　2．Jenny worked hard before the final examination, and it

　　________. She got an A. A．showed off

　　B．paid off C．put off

　　D．took off 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：珍妮期末考试前非 常用功，她的努力获得了成功。她得了A。show off “炫耀”；pay off“取得成功，奏效”；put off“拖延”；take off“脱掉，起飞”。 答案： B 3．I haven't got a job at the moment, but I'm sure that

　　something will ________. A．turn in

　　B．turn over C．turn up

　　D．turn down 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：我现在还没有工作，但我确信会有机会找到的。turn up表示“(机会或情况)突然出现，不期而至”，符合句意。turn in“上交，交还”；turn over“翻转，移交”；turn down“关小，拒绝”。 答案： C 4．Until recently, tourists from abroad were allowed to

　　tour the Big Ben in London, but ________ increasing security problems they have now been banned. A．in spite of

　　B．in return for C．in the name of

　　D．due to 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：因为不断增多的安全问题，外国游客不再被允许参观英国的“大本钟”，用due to表示“因为，由于”。 答案： D 1．

　　she stopped asking questions, I got up and

　　went out of the room. 她一停止问问题，我就起身走出了房间。 the instant为从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意思是“一……就……”。 ①She began to cry the instant she read the letter. 她一读信就开始哭了。 The instant

　　“一……就”的表达方式还有： (1)the moment/minute/second ... (2)instantly/immediately/directly ...

　　(4)on/upon＋v.-ing/n.

　　②I sent you the news the moment (that) I heard it. 我一听到此消息，便通知你了。 ③He recognized her

　　he caught a glimpse of her. 他一看见她就认出她了。 ④

　　had the game started

　　it began to rain heavily. 运动会刚开始，天就下起了大雨。 ⑤On/Upon arriving in London, I called my parents. 一到伦敦，我就给父母打了电话。 instantly No sooner than 2．

　　, it will be with music. 我无论干什么，都与音乐有关。 (1)whatever“无论什么，不管什么”，在句中引导让步状 语从句，可与no matter what进行互换。另外，它还可以引导名词性从句，相当于anything that。 ①Whatever I suggest, he always disagrees. 无论我提什么建议，他总是不同意。 Whatever I do ②I'll post that letter whatever Wilson says. ＝ I'll post that letter

　　Wilson says. 不管威尔逊讲什么，我都要寄出那封信。 ③With so many years of experience, the festival has become a well-oiled machine, and does whatever it can to make attendees feel as comfortable as possible.(摘自2011福建高考·阅读理解B) 经过了那么多年，这个节日已成为了一台运转良好的机器并且做一切事情让与会者尽可能感到舒适。 no matter what (2)whenever, wherever, whoever, however等都可用作连词， 引导让步状语从句，通常意为“不管……，无论……”。 ④Whenever (it is) possible, he always tries to help.

　　不管什么时候，只要有可能，他总是设法帮忙。 (3)no matter when/where/how ...也可用来引导让步状语从 句，可与whenever/wherever/however ...等互换。 ⑤

　　/Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. 无论谁违反法律，都应该受到惩罚。 No matter who Ⅰ.一句多译 1．我刚到公共汽车站，汽车就开了。 ①_____________________________________________ ②______________________________________________ ③______________________________________________ ④______________________________________________ 答案： ①The instant I got to the bus stop, the bus started. ②As soon as I got to the bus stop, the bus started. ③Hardly had I got to the bus stop when the bus started. ④No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started. Ⅱ.单项填空 2．I am very grateful to my first teacher for his advice

　　that ________ difficulty you meet with, confidence is a must. A．what

　　B．whether C．whichever

　　D．whatever 解析：考查状语从句。首先，advice后面接的是同位语从句，连接词that只起连接作用，无含义。在该同位语从句内部，whatever引导让步状语从句。语境：无论你遇到什么样的困难，自信是必不可少的。 答案： D 3．Actually girls can be ________ they want to be just like

　　boys, whether it is an astronaut, a general manager or a president. A．wherever

　　B．whoever C．whatever

　　D．however 解析：考查表语从句。语意：女孩可以和男孩一样，想干什么都行，不管是宇航员、总经理还是总统。whatever引导表语从句，且在从句中作表语。 答案： C 4．The headmaster has promised us that we shall get

　　informed ________ the results of the exam come out. A．in case

　　B．every time C．ever since

　　D．the minute 解析：考查连词用法。句意：校长向我们承诺，考试结果一出来就通知我们。此处the minute相当于连词，意思是“一……就……”。 答案： D 间接引语 Ⅰ.把下列句子变成间接引语 1．I asked Tom, “How long have you been employed at this

　　job？”

　　. I asked Tom how long he had been employed at that job 2．The teacher said to me, “Is this the reason Tom

　　explained at the meeting for his carelessness？”

　　. The teacher asked me if that was the reason Tom had explained at the meeting for his carelessness 3．The doctor said to us, “Give blood if you can and many

　　lives will be saved.”

　　. The doctor told/asked us to give blood if we could and many lives would be saved 4．Tom said to Mary, “Don't leave your keys on the table.”

　　. 5．My friend said to me, “I saw Bob play the piano at

　　John's party last Friday.”

　　. Tom asked Mary not to leave her keys on the table My friend told me he had seen Bob play the piano at John's party the Friday before Ⅱ.单项填空 1．—He said, “What's the matter？” —He asked

　　. A．what the matter is

　　B．what the matter was C．what is the matter

　　D．what was the matter 解析： what's the matter是一个陈述句语序的句子，在变成间接引语时，语序不变，只改变时态。 答案： D 2．After the examination，my teacher told me that

　　failure

　　the mother of success. A．wasB．is C．be

　　D．been 解析：表示“真理，事实”的直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不变。 答案： B 3．—What did her brother say to her? —He

　　her

　　weight to stay fit. A．suggested; to lose

　　B．offered; to lose C．advised; to lose

　　D．advised; lose 解析：祈使句的间接引语可以用advise sb. to do sth.或suggest sb. doing sth.或offer to do sth.；故只有C项符合。 答案： C 4．Do you happen to know

　　？ A．where is her address B．in which place is her address C．what her address is D．the place her address is 解析：分析句子结构可知，空格中填入部分为宾语从句，从句须用陈述句语气；问某人的地址应该用what，故正确答案为C。 答案：C 5．The child asked his mother

　　go out to play

　　tennis. A．that he could

　　B．if he could C．if could he

　　D．that could he 解析：直接引语若为一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，常用if或whether来引导，且从句中用陈述句语序。 答案：B 6．On the phone, Jane told me she

　　away on

　　holiday for the next two days. A．had been

　　B．will be C．would have been

　　D．would be 解析：考查时态的呼应。句意：在电话里，Jane告诉我她在随后的两天要去度假。本空所在从句是直接引语的转换，受主句时态的影响，宾语从句用过去将来时。 答案： D * * 6．hesitate vi.犹豫，踌躇 (1)hesitate about/over sth.　

　　(对某事)犹豫，迟疑不决 hesitate to do sth.

　　对做某事有顾虑 (2)hesitation n.

　　踌躇，犹豫 have no hesitation in doing ...

　　毫不犹豫地做…… without hesitation

　　毫不迟疑地 ①[教材P27原句]　She hesitated and then told me that the year before she had broken her wrist and that the previous month she had twisted her ankle. 她犹豫了一下，然后告诉我去年她摔断了手腕，上个月她扭伤了脚踝。 ②I

　　taking his side until I knew the whole story. 我在完全了解事实真相后，才打消顾虑，支持他的立场。 hesitated about ③Don't hesitate to ask me if you have any questions. 如果你有问题，尽管来问我。 ④He jumped into the water to save the drowning girl

　　. 他毫不犹豫地跳下水去救这个溺水的女孩。 without hesitation 7．decrease v．减少，降低n.减少，减少的量 (1)decrease in ...　在……方面)降低/减少 decrease to ...

　　减少到…… decrease by ...

　　减少了…… (2)on the decrease

　　在减少 ①[教材P28原句]　Jobs in farming，coal mining and heavy industry are decreasing rapidly. 农业、煤矿业和重工业的职位迅速减少。 ②The club's members

　　two hundred. 该俱乐部会员减少到了200人。 decreased to ③Average house prices decreased by 13% last year. 去年的平均房价下降了13%。 ④The population in some western countries is

　　. 一些西方国家的人口在下降。 on the de-crease 8．respond vi.回复，回答；响应，作出反应 (1)respond to ...　对……回答，对……有反应 respond to sth. with sth./by doing sth.

　　用……对……作出反应 (2)response n.

　　回答，反应 in response to

　　作为对……的回应，回答 give/make no response to ...　对……不予回答 ①[教材P28原句]　Many more people will work for small，dynamic companies which can respond quickly to changes in the market. 很多人将在那些充满活力的小公司里工作，因为这些公司能够对市场的变化迅速地做出反应。 ②He

　　my suggestion

　　a laugh/by laughing. 他对我的建议报以一笑。 responded to with ③The law was passed

　　public pressure. 在公众压力下该法规获得通过。 ④He made no response to my suggestion. 他对我的建议未做出回应。 in response to 答案： commitment; committed Ⅰ.语境填词 1．Mr. Li made a ________that he was ________ to

　　helping the poor. (commit) 2．________ by green hills and blue waters, the little

　　village has pleasant ________. So you can see many rare birds in the ________ areas.(surrounding) 答案： Surrounded; surroundings; surrounding 3．At first he ________ to do it, but shortly after he agreed

　　without a moment's ________.(hesitate) 答案： hesitated; hesitation 4．The Great Wall that came into ________ over 2,000

　　years ago still ________ today. (exist) 答案： existence; exists 5．At first, he made no ________ to their words.

　　However, he ________ to them by shouting at them to shut up finally.(respond) 答案： response; responded Ⅱ.单项填空 1．We complained to the travel agency about the horrible

　　service during our trip, but no one has ________ by now. A．respondedB．deserved C．recovered

　　D．survived 解析：句意：我们向旅行社投诉旅行途中糟糕的服务，但是到现在还没有人对此作出回应。respond“答复，响应”；deserve“值得”；recover“康复，痊愈”；survive“存活下来，幸存”。 答案： A 2．When you keep your promises, no matter how much

　　effort it takes, you will be ________. A．calculated

　　B．confirmed C．rewarded

　　D．evaluated 解析：考查动词辨析。句意：当你信守承诺时，不管你付出多大的努力，你都会得到回报。reward意思是“酬谢，奖赏，报答”，符合题意。calculate“计算，预测”；confirm“确认”；evaluate“评价”。 答案： C 3．You'd better ________ your friend about your problem. A．adopt

　　B．consult C．digest

　　D．advise 解析：句意：关于你的问题你最好去咨询你的朋友。consult sb. about/over sth.“向某人请教/咨询某事”；adopt“采用，收养”；digest“消化，吸收”；advise“建 议”。 答案：B

　　4．The number of the workers of the company has

　　decreased________500________1,200 because of the global financial crisis. A．to; to

　　B．by; by C．to; in

　　D．by; to 解析：句意：由于全球金融危机，这家公司的员工人数减少了500人，只剩1200人。decrease by“减少了”；decrease to“减少到”。 答案：D 5．Two and a half years later, he ________ suicide. A．conducted

　　B．sweated C．stooped

　　D．committed 解析：考查动词辨析。conduct“进行(调查/实验)，指挥，引导”；sweat“流汗”；stoop“俯身，弯腰”；commit suicide“自杀”。句意：两年半以后，他自杀了。D项符合语境。 答案： D 6．He is a talkative man, but he didn't say a word in

　　today's discussion. I am not sure how to ________ his

　　silence.

　　A．treat

　　B．master

　　C．grasp

　　D．read 解析：考查动词辨析。句意：他是一个健谈的人，但是在今天的谈论中他没说一句话，我不知道怎样解释他的沉默。treat“医治，对待”； master“精通，掌握”；grasp“抓住，领会”；read“解释，解开(谜团等)”。D项符合语境。 答案： D 7．—How much did the guy ________ you to fix your 3G

　　mobile phone? —I don't remember, but it was quite a lot. A．cost

　　B．spend C．charge