2024高考英语备考复习学案：语法和词汇知识之非谓语动词

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　　专题一语法和词汇知识之非谓语动词（9）（新课标）

　　【专题考点】

　　1 考查动词的-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语时的区别

　　2 以考查动词不定式、动词的-ing形式和过去分词作定语、状语、宾语补足语为重点

　　3 考查独立主格结构

　　4 试题特点将呈现“情景化”和“设问角度多样化”，充分利用非谓语动词间的互相干扰

　　5 利用祈使句和以非谓语动词开头的句子结构上相似的特点增加试题难度

　　【典例探究】

　　1 （2010·全国卷I·T27） Mrs. White showed her students some old maps?_________??from the library.

　　A. to borrow

　　B. to be borrowed

　　C. borrowed

　　D. borrowing

　　【解析】选C。句意：Mrs. White让她的学生看了一些从图书馆借来的旧地图。根据句意以及句子结构可知此处需要非谓语动词作定语修饰前面的some old maps。又some old maps与borrow是被动关系，故排除A、D。根据句意可知borrow这个动作已被完成，所以选C。过去分词表示被动、完成，而不定式的被动式表示将来的被动动作。

　　【知识拓展】非谓语动词的三种形式作状语

　　1.动词不定式与-ing形式作状语时，与句子的主语是逻辑上的主动关系，过去分词与句子的主语是逻辑上的被动关系。

　　2. .动词不定式可表示目的、结果状语，有时表示结果状语时，强调意外的结果。

　　3. -ing形式与过去分词除了不能表示目的外，可以表示原因、时间、条件、让步、伴随、结果等。-ing形式表示结果时，强调顺其自然的结果。

　　例如：

　　1）To achieve my goal, I must work hard.为了实现我的目标，我必须努力。（.动词不定式表示目的）

　　2）We hurried home, only to find my parents were not at home.我们匆忙到家，结果却发现父母不在。（.动词不定式表示意外的结果）

　　3）Seen from the window, the picture is not clear.从窗户那儿看，这幅画不清楚。（主语the picture 与see是逻辑上的被动关系）

　　=Seeing from the window, she finds the picture is not clear. 从窗户那儿看，她发现这幅画不清楚。（主语she与see是逻辑上的主动关系）

　　4) The price of buildings has been going up, making many people worried.房价不断上涨，使的很多人担心。（-ing形式表示顺其自然的结果）

　　（2010·江苏卷·T28）The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu, ________ the students to return to their classrooms.

　　A. enabling

　　B. having enabled

　　C. to enable

　　D. to have enabled

　　【解析】选A。句意：那个退休的人把他大部分的积蓄捐献给了玉树地震中受损的学校，使得学生们能够重返教室。本题考查动词的-ing形式作结果状语（自然而然的结果）； B和D项均为完成式，表示enable这个动作先发生，这与语境矛盾，故排除；C项是不定式作结果状语，多用于表示出乎意料的结果。所以选择A项。

　　【知识拓展】-ing形式与不定式作结果状语的区别

　　ing形式作结果状语表示一定逻辑的结果，即意料之中的结果，其作用相当于一个非限制性的定语从句；而不定式作结果状语通常表示非逻辑的结果，即出乎意料的结果，不定式多与only连用。

　　A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, killing all four people on board. =…, which killed all four people on board.

　　②Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, reaching a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. =…, which reached a record …

　　③The news reporters hurried to the airport, only to be told the film stars had left.

　　④A lot of new machines were applied in the factory, thus resulting in a production increase. =…, which thus resulted in a production increase.

　　⑤He hurriedly had his breakfast and took a taxi to the station, only to find the train had left half an hour before.

　　3、（2010·山东卷·T29）The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked.

　　A. laid

　　B. laying

　　C. to lay

　　D. being laid

　　【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意为：客厅干净、整洁，一张餐桌已经摆好，分析句子结构可知，此句为with宾语复合结构，其中lay与a dining table准备要吃一顿饭。为逻辑上的动宾关系，故要用过去分词。

　　【知识拓展】非谓语动词用法的考查角度：（1）非谓语动词在句中作状语 They landed the plane, using the computers less powerful than the ones used in the average schools today. Having been cut off from the outside world for a week, they have lost the last hope of surviving.

　　(2) 非谓语动词在句中作定语

　　The computer center, opened in 2004, is intended to help the researchers to search for the relevant information on the internet.

　　(3) 非谓语动词在句中作宾语补足语

　　I’d like to have my package weighed. They are sitting in front of the TV set, watching the player competing against their rivals.

　　(4) 非谓语动词在with宾语复合结构中的考查 With so many people coming to their help, the villagers found it much easier to overcome the difficulties they had after the flood.

　　(5) 非谓语动词在独立主格中的考查

　　We finally came to a very beautiful house, its owner seated in the armchair, reading leisurely in the yard.

　　4、（2010·江西卷·T 32）. There were many talented actors out there just waiting

　　A. to discover

　　B. to be discovered

　　C. discovered

　　D. being discovered

　　【解析】选B。句意：外面有很多有才华的演员等着被发现。wait后加不定式作宾语，排除C、 D

　　两项；且discover 与actors之间是动宾关系，故用不定式的被动语态。

　　（2010·安徽卷·T30） He had a wonderful childhood, _____with his mother to all corners of the world

　　A. travel

　　to travel

　　C. traveled

　　D. traveling【解析】选D。句意：他有一个美好的童年，他和妈妈一起游遍了世界各地。had 是句子的谓语，所以逗号后面不能用travel这种谓语动词形式，应用非谓语动词形式作伴随状语，travel和逻辑主语he是主动关系，所以要用现在分词作伴随状语。____that you are chosen to be a volunteer at the London Olympic Games, what will you do?

　　A. Assumed

　　B. Assuming

　　C. To assume

　　D. To be assumed

　　2、（2011·江西南昌一中、南昌十中联考）The children all turned

　　the famous actress as she entered the classroom．

　　A．looked at

　　B．to look at

　　C．to looking at

　　D．look atThe murderer ran away from his village, trying to avoid ______ by the police, but in vain．

　　A．to be caught

　　B．being caught

　　C．to be catching

　　D．to catchI’d never come back to this hell of a place,

　　A determining

　　B decided

　　C to determine

　　D to decide

　　6（2010·上海市崇明县二模）31. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _____ the desert.

　　A. to cover

　　B. covered

　　C. cover

　　D. covering

　　7. A few yards down Colson street, she caught sight of a figure ___________in the opposite direction.

　　A. to hurry

　　B. to be hurrying

　　C. hurrying

　　D. having hurried

　　8 The residents approve of the measures ________so far in our city,_______ to bring a sharp rise in oil prices.

　　A. having been taken; intended

　　B. to be taken; intending

　　C. taken; to intend

　　D. taken; intended

　　9. Teamwork is very important in modern society._____ an effective team member, you need to develop a teamwork attitude.

　　A. Become

　　B. Becoming

　　C. Having become

　　D. To become

　　10. There will be more than 750 projects________, creating nearly 40, 000 jobs starting this summer, including 15, 000 in a Youth Conservation Corps.

　　A. started

　　B. to be started

　　C. starting

　　D. to start

　　11. The girl came ______to the cinema only _______the tickets had been sold out.

　　A. to run; telling

　　B. running; to be told

　　C. and ran; being told

　　D. running; to tell

　　12. These surveys indicate that many crimes go ______by the police, mainly because not all victims report them.

　　A. unrecorded

　　B. to be unrecorded

　　C. to have been unrecorded

　　D. unrecording

　　13. Brandon worked for hours after school ________money for her education.

　　A. making

　　B. made

　　C. to make

　　D. having made

　　14. ________true events, the film follows the life of Braddock, a boxer in New York.

　　A. Being based on

　　B. Basing on

　　C. Based on

　　D. Having based on

　　15. I walked out of the cinema,________ I’d never come back to this hell of a place.

　　A. determining

　　B. decided

　　C. to determine

　　D. to decide

　　16. The moving picture of a little boy of 5, ______from the big earthquake, has been made________ to all Chinese people for the boy’s saluting to the soldiers.

　　A. saved; to know

　　B. to save; knowing

　　C. have been saved; know

　　D. saved; known

　　17. The time and effort he has devoted during the past few years __________trees in that remote area is now considered to be of great value.

　　A. to planting

　　B. to plant

　　C. Plant

　　D. planting

　　18. The teacher called Tom to his office because he was caught _________in the exam.

　　A. to cheat

　　B. cheating

　　C. cheated

　　D. cheat

　　19. It is reported that some wild animals were found ________in a big cave in the mountain.

　　A. to hide dead

　　B. hidden dead

　　C. hiding dead

　　D. hidden death

　　20. Most students in our class prefer taking pains in our studies to ________with a better education.

　　A. equip

　　B. equipping

　　C. be equipped

　　D. being equipped

　　21. When he came back three hours later, they were still sitting on the sofa, ______in conversation.

　　A. absorbing

　　B. absorbed

　　C. to absorb

　　D. to be absorbed

　　22. After her success as a child actor, Taylor had no trouble _______into adult roles and won twice for Best Actress.

　　A. to move

　　B. move

　　C. moved

　　D. moving

　　23. Henry,_________ the experiment as I showed you just now, or you will not pass.

　　A. do

　　B. does

　　C. doing

　　D. done

　　24. If the building project _______by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company________.

　　A. to be completed; will be fined

　　B. is completed; is fined

　　C. being completed; will be fined

　　D. completed; is being fined

　　25. ________all the required papers, he didn’t answer the questions fluently in class.

　　A. Having not read

　　B. Not having read

　　C. Not read

　　D. Not to read

　　26. The little girl showed no anxiety before the competition. She seemed _________it pretty well.

　　A. to prepare

　　B. preparing

　　C. having prepared

　　D. to have prepared

　　27. In his victory speech, ________before a huge crowd of his supporters, Obama declared that“Change has come to America. ”

　　A. having delivered

　　B. to be delivered

　　C. delivering

　　D. delivered

　　28. —Does Shelly like shopping?

　　—Well,

　　she would rather spend time________

　　at home than _______ in the street.

　　A. read; wander

　　B. reading; wander

　　C. in reading; to wander

　　D. reading; to wander

　　29. _________to attend the course he is not interested in, Brown always prefers ________at home to do what he likes.

　　A. To go; to stay

　　B. To going; to stay

　　C. To going; staying

　　D. To go; staying

　　30（2010· 福建省八闽高中二模）34. The schedule, originally ____ out last week, had to be cancelled because of the unexpected snow storm.

　　A. carried

　　B. to be carried

　　C. being carried

　　D. was carried

　　31. _______to a university in the UK, international students must display a strong ability in spoken and written English.

　　A. Having been admitted

　　B. To be admitted

　　C. Being admitted

　　D. Admitted

　　【解析】选B。不定式作目的状语。

　　32. The computer programs are a puzzle to me. The more I think of them, the more questions I think of______.

　　A. ask

　　B. asked

　　C. being asked

　　D. to ask

　　33. Beijing National Stadium, the showpiece of the Beijing Olympics, has fallen into disuse since the end of the games,________ it difficult to make a profit.

　　A. make

　　B. to make

　　C. making

　　D. made

　　34. With all the magazines I needed_______, I left the post office.

　　A. buying

　　B. to buy

　　C. bought

　　D. to be bought

　　35. ______from lightweight materials, the robots are about the size of a human arm or smaller.

　　A. To build

　　B. Being built