B5U4

　　They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long

　　before humans came into being...

　　千百万年前它们(恐龙)就在地球上生活，比人类的出现要早得多……

　　long before 早在……之前很久

　　before可做连词，，，。long before 。“不久以后”，相当于 soon after/shortly after, 既可以指将来，也可以指过去，所以与过去时或将来时连用，在句中做状语，不可以引导从句。

　　(2)long ago (现在的)很久以前。

　　(3)“It will be long before＋从句(一般现在时)”与 “It was long before＋从句(一般过去时)”的意思是“过很久才……”，强调经过的时间长。

　　(4)“It will not be long before＋从句(一般现在时)”与“It was not long before＋从句(一般过去时)”，意思是“没过很久就……”，强调经过的时间短。

　　注意：以上短语、句型中的 long均可以改用普通的时间名词或短语，表达不同的时间长度。

　　①Long before, there was a big museum here.

　　很久以前，这里有一座大博物馆。

　　②I had heard of him long before I came here.

　　早在我来这儿很久以前我就听说过他的情况。

　　③Before long he went to Canada to go on with his further education.不久以后他就去加拿大继续深造了。

　　④It was not long before she came. 没多久她就来了。

　　⑤It will be long before we see each other again.

　　我们很久以后才会再见面。

　　[即境活用]The book was published ______ it was written.

　　A．soon before B．long before

　　C．before long

　　D．soon after

　　解析：句意为“书写完后不久就出版了”，故选 soon after。

　　答案：D

　　B2U5

　　1．At last feeling very upset and sensitive, Freddy and his band realized that they must leave the country before it became too painful for them.before做连词表示时间时，，，……之前

　　(2)……(之后)才……

　　(3)(不多久)就……

　　(4)以免……

　　(5)还没来得及……就……

　　(6)(宁愿……)也不愿……

　　①We lived in Paris before moving to London.

　　我们搬到伦敦之前住在巴黎。

　　②It was a long time before I got to sleep again.

　　很长一段时间之后我才重新入睡。

　　③It wasn’t long before she came back.

　　不久她就回来了。

　　④Lock your bike before it gets stolen.

　　锁好你的自行车，以免被偷。

　　⑤Before John stopped her, she ran out.

　　约翰还没来得及阻止她，她就跑了出去。

　　⑥I’d shoot myself before I apologized to her.

　　我宁死也不向她道歉。

　　[即境活用1](2009·上海卷)　You can’t borrow books from the school library ______ you get your student card.

　　A．beforeB．if

　　C．while

　　D．as

　　解析：句意：在你没有学生卡之前，你不能在学校图书馆借书。before在……之前；if如果；while当……时候；as随着，因为。

　　答案：A

　　2．Music is more_than just sound.

　　音乐决不仅仅是声音。

　　more than＋数词，“……以上；多于……”，等于 over

　　＋名词，“不仅仅；不只；超过；远不止”

　　＋动词，“十分；大大地；远远地；不仅仅”

　　＋...can/could＋v.“不能”

　　＋adj./adv.，“非常；十分；更加”

　　①By then he was more than fifty.

　　那时他已经50多岁了。

　　②Peace is much more than the absence of war.

　　和平不仅仅意味着没有战争。

　　③He more than smiled; he laughed out.

　　他岂止是微笑，他简直是大笑了。

　　④That's more than I can tell you.

　　这一点我是不能告诉你的。

　　⑤He is more than selfish. 他非常自私。

　　拓展：(1)more＋adj./n.＋than＋adj./n..与其说……倒不如说……

　　(2)no more than＋num.＝only 仅仅

　　(3)not more than＋num.＝at most 至多

　　(4)no more＋adj./adv.＋than...和……一样不……

　　(5)not more＋adj./adv.＋than... 不如……

　　(6)more than one “不止一个”，做主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数。

　　[即境活用2]　(1)Lizzie was ______ to see her friend off at the airport.

　　A．a little more than sad

　　B．more than a little sad

　　C．sad more than a little

　　D．a little more than sad

　　解析：more than＋adj./adv. 意为“非常，很”。本句意为“Lizzie很伤心地在机场为她的朋友送行”。

　　答案：B

　　(2)—Tom is very stupid. He failed to pass the exam once again.

　　—He is ______ than stupid.

　　A．lazier

　　B．no lazier

　　C．more lazy

　　D．lazier rather

　　解析：more＋adj.＋than 意为“与其说……倒不如说……”。答句句意为：“与其说他笨倒不如说他懒。”

　　答案：C

　　3. before引导时间状语从句

　　[应用3]　(1)—How long do you think it will be______China sends a manned spaceship to the moon?

　　—Perhaps two or three years.

　　A. when

　　B. until

　　C. that

　　D. before

　　(2)—It's a long time ______I last saw you.

　　—Yes, and it will be another month ______we can meet again.

　　A．before; since

　　B．when; before

　　C．since; when

　　D．since; before

　　(3)(2009·北京四中)She was so angry that she rushed out into the rain ______I could stop her.

　　A. until

　　B. before

　　C. when

　　D. unless

　　(1)It will be long/some time before sb. do/does sth.是典型句式。意为“要过很久/一些时间某人才……”。

　　答案：D

　　(2)第一空表示“自上次见到你已有很久不见了”，用 since；第二空表示“再过一个月又会见面的”，用 before。

　　答案：D

　　(3)考查 before引导时间状语从句，意为“在……之前；还没来得及”。

　　答案：B

　　B3U1

　　The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as_though it is covered with pink snow. 整个国度到处是盛开的樱花，看上去就像覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。 as though/as if...“好像”，，。It looks as though you are ill today. 今天你看上去好像病了。He acted as if nothing had happened. 他表现得若无其事。

　　(1)as if/as though 引导表语从句时，如果是客观的事实，用真实的语气；如果是不可能发生的事，只是一种想象、猜测，则用虚拟语气。 The clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.乌云密布，天看起来像要下雨了。 It looks as if the sky was/were falling down. 天看起来好像要塌下来似的。

　　(2)as if/as though 引导方式状语从句，要用虚拟语气。 He talks as if he was/were the owner of the world. (与现在相反，从句谓语动词用一般过去时) 他说起话来好像他主宰这个世界似的。 He talks as if he had been to the moon. (与过去相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时) 他说起话来好像他去过月球似的。 She talks and talks as if she would never stop.(与将来相反，从句谓语动词用过去将来时) 她说呀说呀，好像永远也说不完。

　　(3)as if引导方式状语从句时可用省略形式，后面接名词、形容词、副词和介词短语，也可跟分词或不定式。如： ①He talks as if a philosopher. 他谈论起来就好像是一个哲学家似的。 ②The lady cried and laughed as if mad. 这位女士哭了又笑，好像疯了。 ③Tom dropped his head and didn‘t dare say a word, as if not knowing the answer. 汤姆低垂着头不敢说话，好像不知道答案。

　　④He talks as if drunk. 从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。 ⑤Tom opened his mouth as if to say something. 汤姆张开嘴好像要说什么。

　　[即境活用]　(1)Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ______yesterday.

　　A．was happeningB．happens

　　C．has happened

　　D．happened

　　解析：考查 as if 从句中的时态。由语境知选D。

　　答案：D

　　(2) The man we followed suddenly stopped as if ______ whether he was going in the right direction.

　　A．seeing

　　B．having seen

　　C．to see

　　D．to have seen

　　解析：考查 as if从句中的省略。“停下来去看……”用不定式 to see。

　　答案：C

　　(3)The gentleman will be devoted to Lily forever, ______ she treats him badly.

　　A．even though

　　B．however

　　C．nevertheless

　　D．as though

　　解析：考查状语从句。句子表示让步关系，故选 even though“即使”。

　　答案：A

　　B3U2

　　1．Nothing could be better... 此句中形容词(或副词)的比较级 better与否定词 nothing连用，。 no, not, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等与比较级连用，。

　　I think nothing is more pleasant than travelling.

　　我想没有什么比旅行更令人愉快的了。Nobody loves money better than he.

　　没人比他更贪财。—Did you sleep well last night? 你昨晚睡得怎样？

　　—Never better, like a rock. 从来没这么好过，。

　　拓展：下列结构也可表示最高级的含义：

　　(1)否定词＋so＋adj./adv.(原级)

　　such＋adj.(原级)＋n.

　　(2)adj./adv.(比较级)＋than＋

　　any other＋n. (单数)

　　any of the other＋n. (复数)

　　①You haven't done such a foolish thing!

　　你从没有做过这么傻的事！(这是你做过的最傻的事。)

　　②Bill runs faster than any other boy

　　any of the other boys in his class.

　　在班里比尔跑得比别的男孩快。

　　[即境活用1]　(1)(2008·海南东方模拟)—Did you listen to Mr Jackson's lecture?

　　—Yes, I have never heard a ______ one.

　　A．more excitingB．more excited

　　C．most exciting

　　D．most excited

　　解析：考查否定词与比较级连用表示最高级意义，即 never...a more exciting one。

　　答案：A

　　(2)(2009·河北唐山期末)—Who is your favourite basketball player in China?

　　—Yao Ming, of course. No one plays ______.

　　A．better

　　B．best

　　C．good

　　D．well

　　解析：No one plays better. 意为“没有人(比他)打得更好”。

　　答案：A

　　2．He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies!

　　have sb. doing 在此表示“允许或容忍(某事物)发生”。 have常用在否定句中， will not, cannot 等之后。(1)have sb. do sth. “使某人做某事”，不定式做宾补省略 to，但其被动式(sb. be made to do sth.)不能省略 to。含此种“使得”意义的其他动词还有 make, let, lead, drive等，如： No one can have Tom do this. 没人能使汤姆做这件事。

　　(2)have sth. done 包含两层意思：一种是“请别人做某事”；另一种为“承担外界或别人做某事的后果”。

　　(3)have sb. (sth.) doing 有两层含义：一种是“使……处于某种状态或作出某种反应”；另一种是“允许、听任某种事情发生”，这种用法一般用于否定句中。

　　(4)have sth. to do 意为“有某事要做”，have 意为“有，拥有”。不定式 to do是宾语 sth.的定语，句子的主语是不定式动作的执行者。如果是 to be done做定语时，说明该不定式是由别人发出的。

　　①It is rude of you to speak to Father like that and I won't have you speaking to Father like that in future.

　　那样跟父亲说话很粗鲁，今后我不会再容忍你那样跟父亲说话。

　　②He had his audience listening attentively.

　　他吸引住了听众的注意力。

　　③No one can have me leave the office.

　　没有人能使我离开办公室。

　　④She had her bag stolen.

　　她的包被偷了。

　　⑤I have some letters to type.

　　我有些信要打。(“我”自己动手打)

　　⑥I have some letters to be typed.

　　我有几封信需要打。(需要找别人打)

　　[即境活用2]　(1)We can't have people ______ late all the time.

　　A．arrive

　　B．to arrive

　　C．arriving

　　D．arrived

　　解析：用于否定句中 can't have sb. doing 意为“不能允许……”。

　　答案：C

　　(2)Is this TV set ______ you wish to have ______？

　　A．the one; repaired

　　B．which; it repaired

　　C．the one; it repaired

　　D．which; repaired

　　解析：第一空填 the one做先行词，其后为省略 which的定语从句，且 which在从句中做 have的宾语，故选A。

　　答案：A

　　(3)—Mr Smith, do you have something ______ at this moment?

　　—No, thanks. I'll call you if any.

　　A．to be typed

　　B．to type

　　C．typed

　　D．typing

　　解析：考查 have something to be done结构，因为不定式的主语不是句子主语 you。

　　答案：A

　　3．Why_don't_you sit down and try a meal? 你为什么不坐下来吃顿饭呢？

　　Why don't you...？＝Why not do...？为什么不……？(表示建议)

　　①Why don't you have a try once again?

　　＝Why not have a try once again?

　　为什么不再试一下呢？

　　②Why don't you call him right now?

　　＝Why not call him right now?

　　为什么不立刻给他打个电话？

　　拓展：向别人提建议也可以用：

　　(1)had better do... 最好做……

　　(2)Let's do..., shall we? 让我们做……，好吗？

　　(3)I advise you (not) to do... 我劝你(别)做……

　　(4)I suggest that you (not) do...

　　我建议你(别)做……

　　(5)Can't we do...? 难道我们不可以做……吗？

　　(6)What/How about doing...? 做……怎么样？

　　(7)Will you please do...? 请你做……好吗？

　　(8)Would you like/love to do...? 你愿意做……吗？

　　(9)I wonder if you should do...

　　我想知道你是不是应该做……

　　(10)Shall we do...? 我们做……好吗？

　　[即境活用3]　—It's a long time since I saw my sister.

　　—______ her this weekend?