【译林湖南版】2011高考英语一轮复习提能训练

　　Module 1

　　Unit 2　Growing painsⅠ.填词

　　Hair is one of the commonest parts of the body and something that is given a lot of attention.You’ve had it since birth and you take care of it every day.But how much do you know about your hair?

　　The average head of hair is made up of 120,000 strands(根)，each of which has a life expectancy of about three years.While some hairs are growing，others are resting，and others are falling out.

　　A hair is made up of two parts：the shaft(发丝)and the root.The shaft is a visible (or：seen) part.It has a complex structure.The root is the living part of the hair.It is here where cells develop and form the shaft.It also has a very complex structure.

　　Every day a normal head of about 120,000 hairs will lose between 50 and 100 hairs—or 30,000 hairs per year.Hair dies，falls out，and grows again.The life cycle is made up of three stages.First，a long and active growth period that lasts about three years—the hair grows.Second，a very short transition(过渡)period that lasts about three weeks，during which time the hair is inactive—the hair follicle shrinks.Third，a resting period of about three months—at the end of this period the hair is pushed out and lost.This cycle runs constantly throughout life.

　　A hair grows from 1 to 1.5 cm each month and its usual life expectancy is about three years.So very long hair is rarely seen.However，there are some people who do grow long hair.

　　The most common form of hair loss does not come from disease.In fact we can almost say it is a secondary sexual characteristic.It is called androgenetic alopecia(also known as pattern baldness)and results from a combination of genetic and hormonal(荷尔蒙的)factors.

　　There are two sorts of melanin(黑色素)present in all types of hair，in different proportions.These make it possible to get the different shades of color—blonde(or golden)，brown or red.

　　Title：__1__

　　Ⅱ.简答题

　　Some scientists say that the world’s oceans are slowly getting more acidic(酸)．

　　According to the researchers from California，the change is taking place due to higher levels of carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)in the air，whether you noticed it or not.

　　The lowering of the water’s PH value is not great at the moment but could make the living things in the sea in great danger if it continues，they warn.

　　Ken Caldeira and Michael Wickett，from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory，report their worries in the journal Nature.

　　Increasing use of petrol causes more carbon dioxide to go into the air，and most of it will eventually go to the seawater.Once in the air，it reacts to form a chemical to make the seawater acidic.Scientists believe that the oceans have already become a little more acidic over the last century.But these researchers have tried to work out what will happen in the future by analyzing what we know about the history of the oceans with computer models of climate change.

　　“This level of acidity will increase in the future if we continue letting carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，”said Dr.Caldeira.

　　It is not totally clear what that means for living things in the sea，however.There are still some conclusions we can draw.

　　Most living things live near the surface，where the greatest PH change would be expected to occur，but deepocean life forms may be more sensitive to PH changes.

　　Coral reefs and other organisms may be particularly affected，the scientists believe.The acid in the seawater will react on their shells.It could be much more difficult to build the shells in water with a lower PH.

　　In recent years，some people have suggested storing carbon dioxide in the deep ocean as a way of solving the problem of global warming(全球变暖)．

　　But Dr.Caldeira said the way should now be reconsidered.

　　“Decades ago，most experts had thought that it was good for the carbon dioxide to go to the sea—because when letting carbon dioxide into the air we warm the earth；and when carbon dioxide goes to the sea，it reduces the amount of greenhouse effect(温室效应)．”

　　Now scientists might be in a dilemma as to what to do.On the one hand，this proposal can help solve the problem of global warming.But on the other hand，it will make the sea more acidic.

　　1．According to the researchers from California，why are the oceans getting more acidic？(no

　　more than 10 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　2．What effect does the lowering of the water’s PH value have on the living things in the sea？(no more than 6 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　3．How would the level of acidity change if we reduced the carbon dioxide in the air？(no more than 4 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　4．What would happen to greenhouse effect if we stored carbon dioxide in the deep ocean？(no more than 7 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　Ⅲ.阅读理解

　　About 10 years ago，a very successful businessman named Josh was traveling down a Chicago neighborhood street.He was going a bit too fast in his shiny，black,12 cylinder(汽缸) Jaguar XKE.

　　He was watching for kids rushing out from between parked cars and slowed down.Suddenly，a brick sailed out and—WHUMP！—it hit the Jag’s shiny black side door! Immediately Josh stopped the car，jumped out，seized the kid and pushed him up against a parked car.He shouted at the kid，“What was that all about and who are you? Just what the heck are you doing？！”Building up a head of steam，he went on，“That’s my new Jag，that brick you threw will cost you a lot of money.Why？”

　　“Please，mister，please...I’m sorry! I didn’t know what else to do！”begged the youngster.“I threw the brick because no one else would stop！” Tears were streaming down the boy’s face as he pointed around the parked car.“It’s my brother，mister，” he said.“He fell out of his wheelchair and I can’t lift him up.” Sobbing，the boy asked the businessman，“Would you please help me get him back into his wheelchair? He’s hurt and he’s too heavy for me.”

　　Moved beyond words，the young businessman felt no anger.He lifted the young man back into the wheelchair and took out his handkerchief and wiped the scrapers and cuts，checking to see that everything was OK.He then watched the younger brother push him down the sidewalk.

　　It was a long walk back to the car—a long and slow walk.Josh never did fix the side door of his Jaguar.He kept the dent(凹痕)to remind him not to go through life so fast that someone has to throw a brick at him to get his attention.Feel for the bricks of life coming at you.

　　1．The boy threw a brick at the businessman’s car because ________.

　　A．the businessman drove at a high speed

　　B．he envied the brand-new car very much

　　C．he wanted to ask for some money

　　D．he wanted to get help from the driver

　　2．Which of the following is the right order of the story?

　　a．The younger brother threw a brick at Josh’s car.

　　b．The elder brother fell out of his wheelchair.

　　c．The younger brother begged Josh for help.

　　d．Josh lifted the elder brother back into his wheelchair.

　　e．Josh shouted at the younger brother.

　　A．b，a，e，c，d

　　B．a，c，d，b，e

　　C．b，a，c，e，d

　　D．a，c，b，e，d

　　3．What can we learn about Josh?

　　A．Josh would accept the money from the kids.

　　B．The two kids were Josh’s neighbors.

　　C．Josh was a kind-hearted man.

　　D．Josh’s new car broke down easily.

　　4．John checked everything was OK ________.

　　A．in order to make sure the little boy wasn’t lying

　　B．in case that the boys should need more help

　　C．so as to make clear the boys were poor

　　D．in an effort to prove the elder brother was hurt

　　5．By the last sentence the author wants to say that ________.

　　A．trying to get ready for the trouble in your future life

　　B．driving fast in a neighborhood street is dangerous

　　C．trying to be more considerate of others’ troubles

　　D．protecting oneself from being hurt

　　Unit 2　Growing pains

　　Ⅰ.

　　1．解析：本文是介绍头发的文章，如头发的结构，组成和生长周期等。

　　答案：Our hair

　　2．解析：第三段是在介绍头发的结构，它由两部分组成：一部分是可以看见的shaft，另一部分是root部分。

　　答案：Structure

　　3．解析：由第三段第二句可知，root是living part。

　　答案：living part

　　4．解析：由第二段第一句可知，头发的平均数量是120 000。

　　答案：120,000 strands

　　5．解析：由第二段第一句可知，每根头发的寿命是大约3年。

　　答案：Life expectancy

　　6．解析：由第四段第三句话后部分可知，头发的生命周期是由三个阶段组成：第一阶段是一两个长而活跃的生长阶段，第二个阶段是非常短的过渡期，第三个阶段是休眠期。

　　答案：Growth cycle

　　7．解析：由第四段第四句可知，第一个阶段是长而活跃时期，时长大约三年。

　　答案：long and active

　　8．解析：从表格内容可知，长而活跃期是头发生长期，短暂不活跃期是收缩期，三个月的休眠期是掉头发阶段，生长，收缩和掉头发是每个阶段的结果。

　　答案：Effect/Result

　　9．解析：由第六段里第三句可知，androgenetic alopecia就是pattern baldness。

　　答案：pattern baldness

　　10．解析：由第六段第三句后半部分 “results from a combination of genetic and hormonal(荷尔蒙的)factors” ，result from后接表示原因的词，可知 “a combination of genetic and hormonal factors” 是原因。

　　答案：Cause/Reason

　　Ⅱ.

　　1．Due to higher levels of carbon dioxide in the air.

　　2．It makes them in great danger.

　　3．It would also reduce.

　　4．It would reduce in amount.

　　Ⅲ.

　　【解题导语】 要留意别人的感受，体谅别人的疾苦，不要等到 “砖头向你砸来” 才会注意别人是要向你求助。

　　1．解析：细节推断题。根据这个男孩的叙述可知，他哥哥从轮椅上跌下正躺在地上可知，他想找人帮忙把他扶起来。

　　答案：D

　　2．解析：细节理解题。略读文章的第二、三段，寻找关键信息可确定事件发生的顺序。

　　答案：A

　　3．解析：归纳题。根据约翰的表现：开始生气，但在知道真相后还帮助别人，而且这件事情发生后还用它提醒自己要留意生活，体谅别人。这说明他是个心地善良的人。

　　答案：C

　　4．解析：细节推断题。moved beyond words 意为 “感动得无以言表”，由此可推断他是想进一步帮助这兄弟俩。

　　答案：B

　　5．解析：细节推断题。倒数第二句说他留着这个凹痕没有整形是因为用它来提醒自己留意别人的需要或困难。由此可知，这句话想要告诉人们的是 “要关心别人的疾苦，体谅别人，要留意别人的困难。”

　　答案：C

　　【译林湖南版】2011高考英语一轮复习提能训练

　　Module 1

　　Unit 2　Growing painsⅠ.填词

　　Hair is one of the commonest parts of the body and something that is given a lot of attention.You’ve had it since birth and you take care of it every day.But how much do you know about your hair?

　　The average head of hair is made up of 120,000 strands(根)，each of which has a life expectancy of about three years.While some hairs are growing，others are resting，and others are falling out.

　　A hair is made up of two parts：the shaft(发丝)and the root.The shaft is a visible (or：seen) part.It has a complex structure.The root is the living part of the hair.It is here where cells develop and form the shaft.It also has a very complex structure.

　　Every day a normal head of about 120,000 hairs will lose between 50 and 100 hairs—or 30,000 hairs per year.Hair dies，falls out，and grows again.The life cycle is made up of three stages.First，a long and active growth period that lasts about three years—the hair grows.Second，a very short transition(过渡)period that lasts about three weeks，during which time the hair is inactive—the hair follicle shrinks.Third，a resting period of about three months—at the end of this period the hair is pushed out and lost.This cycle runs constantly throughout life.

　　A hair grows from 1 to 1.5 cm each month and its usual life expectancy is about three years.So very long hair is rarely seen.However，there are some people who do grow long hair.

　　The most common form of hair loss does not come from disease.In fact we can almost say it is a secondary sexual characteristic.It is called androgenetic alopecia(also known as pattern baldness)and results from a combination of genetic and hormonal(荷尔蒙的)factors.

　　There are two sorts of melanin(黑色素)present in all types of hair，in different proportions.These make it possible to get the different shades of color—blonde(or golden)，brown or red.

　　Title：__1__

　　Ⅱ.简答题

　　Some scientists say that the world’s oceans are slowly getting more acidic(酸)．

　　According to the researchers from California，the change is taking place due to higher levels of carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)in the air，whether you noticed it or not.

　　The lowering of the water’s PH value is not great at the moment but could make the living things in the sea in great danger if it continues，they warn.

　　Ken Caldeira and Michael Wickett，from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory，report their worries in the journal Nature.

　　Increasing use of petrol causes more carbon dioxide to go into the air，and most of it will eventually go to the seawater.Once in the air，it reacts to form a chemical to make the seawater acidic.Scientists believe that the oceans have already become a little more acidic over the last century.But these researchers have tried to work out what will happen in the future by analyzing what we know about the history of the oceans with computer models of climate change.

　　“This level of acidity will increase in the future if we continue letting carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，”said Dr.Caldeira.

　　It is not totally clear what that means for living things in the sea，however.There are still some conclusions we can draw.

　　Most living things live near the surface，where the greatest PH change would be expected to occur，but deepocean life forms may be more sensitive to PH changes.

　　Coral reefs and other organisms may be particularly affected，the scientists believe.The acid in the seawater will react on their shells.It could be much more difficult to build the shells in water with a lower PH.

　　In recent years，some people have suggested storing carbon dioxide in the deep ocean as a way of solving the problem of global warming(全球变暖)．

　　But Dr.Caldeira said the way should now be reconsidered.

　　“Decades ago，most experts had thought that it was good for the carbon dioxide to go to the sea—because when letting carbon dioxide into the air we warm the earth；and when carbon dioxide goes to the sea，it reduces the amount of greenhouse effect(温室效应)．”

　　Now scientists might be in a dilemma as to what to do.On the one hand，this proposal can help solve the problem of global warming.But on the other hand，it will make the sea more acidic.

　　1．According to the researchers from California，why are the oceans getting more acidic？(no

　　more than 10 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　2．What effect does the lowering of the water’s PH value have on the living things in the sea？(no more than 6 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　3．How would the level of acidity change if we reduced the carbon dioxide in the air？(no more than 4 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　4．What would happen to greenhouse effect if we stored carbon dioxide in the deep ocean？(no more than 7 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　Ⅲ.阅读理解

　　About 10 years ago，a very successful businessman named Josh was traveling down a Chicago neighborhood street.He was going a bit too fast in his shiny，black,12 cylinder(汽缸) Jaguar XKE.

　　He was watching for kids rushing out from between parked cars and slowed down.Suddenly，a brick sailed out and—WHUMP！—it hit the Jag’s shiny black side door! Immediately Josh stopped the car，jumped out，seized the kid and pushed him up against a parked car.He shouted at the kid，“What was that all about and who are you? Just what the heck are you doing？！”Building up a head of steam，he went on，“That’s my new Jag，that brick you threw will cost you a lot of money.Why？”

　　“Please，mister，please...I’m sorry! I didn’t know what else to do！”begged the youngster.“I threw the brick because no one else would stop！” Tears were streaming down the boy’s face as he pointed around the parked car.“It’s my brother，mister，” he said.“He fell out of his wheelchair and I can’t lift him up.” Sobbing，the boy asked the businessman，“Would you please help me get him back into his wheelchair? He’s hurt and he’s too heavy for me.”

　　Moved beyond words，the young businessman felt no anger.He lifted the young man back into the wheelchair and took out his handkerchief and wiped the scrapers and cuts，checking to see that everything was OK.He then watched the younger brother push him down the sidewalk.

　　It was a long walk back to the car—a long and slow walk.Josh never did fix the side door of his Jaguar.He kept the dent(凹痕)to remind him not to go through life so fast that someone has to throw a brick at him to get his attention.Feel for the bricks of life coming at you.

　　1．The boy threw a brick at the businessman’s car because ________.

　　A．the businessman drove at a high speed

　　B．he envied the brand-new car very much

　　C．he wanted to ask for some money

　　D．he wanted to get help from the driver

　　2．Which of the following is the right order of the story?

　　a．The younger brother threw a brick at Josh’s car.

　　b．The elder brother fell out of his wheelchair.

　　c．The younger brother begged Josh for help.

　　d．Josh lifted the elder brother back into his wheelchair.

　　e．Josh shouted at the younger brother.

　　A．b，a，e，c，d

　　B．a，c，d，b，e

　　C．b，a，c，e，d

　　D．a，c，b，e，d

　　3．What can we learn about Josh?

　　A．Josh would accept the money from the kids.

　　B．The two kids were Josh’s neighbors.

　　C．Josh was a kind-hearted man.

　　D．Josh’s new car broke down easily.

　　4．John checked everything was OK ________.

　　A．in order to make sure the little boy wasn’t lying

　　B．in case that the boys should need more help

　　C．so as to make clear the boys were poor

　　D．in an effort to prove the elder brother was hurt

　　5．By the last sentence the author wants to say that ________.

　　A．trying to get ready for the trouble in your future life

　　B．driving fast in a neighborhood street is dangerous

　　C．trying to be more considerate of others’ troubles

　　D．protecting oneself from being hurt

　　Unit 2　Growing pains

　　Ⅰ.

　　1．解析：本文是介绍头发的文章，如头发的结构，组成和生长周期等。

　　答案：Our hair

　　2．解析：第三段是在介绍头发的结构，它由两部分组成：一部分是可以看见的shaft，另一部分是root部分。

　　答案：Structure

　　3．解析：由第三段第二句可知，root是living part。

　　答案：living part

　　4．解析：由第二段第一句可知，头发的平均数量是120 000。

　　答案：120,000 strands

　　5．解析：由第二段第一句可知，每根头发的寿命是大约3年。

　　答案：Life expectancy

　　6．解析：由第四段第三句话后部分可知，头发的生命周期是由三个阶段组成：第一阶段是一两个长而活跃的生长阶段，第二个阶段是非常短的过渡期，第三个阶段是休眠期。

　　答案：Growth cycle

　　7．解析：由第四段第四句可知，第一个阶段是长而活跃时期，时长大约三年。

　　答案：long and active

　　8．解析：从表格内容可知，长而活跃期是头发生长期，短暂不活跃期是收缩期，三个月的休眠期是掉头发阶段，生长，收缩和掉头发是每个阶段的结果。

　　答案：Effect/Result

　　9．解析：由第六段里第三句可知，androgenetic alopecia就是pattern baldness。

　　答案：pattern baldness

　　10．解析：由第六段第三句后半部分 “results from a combination of genetic and hormonal(荷尔蒙的)factors” ，result from后接表示原因的词，可知 “a combination of genetic and hormonal factors” 是原因。

　　答案：Cause/Reason

　　Ⅱ.

　　1．Due to higher levels of carbon dioxide in the air.

　　2．It makes them in great danger.

　　3．It would also reduce.

　　4．It would reduce in amount.

　　Ⅲ.

　　【解题导语】 要留意别人的感受，体谅别人的疾苦，不要等到 “砖头向你砸来” 才会注意别人是要向你求助。

　　1．解析：细节推断题。根据这个男孩的叙述可知，他哥哥从轮椅上跌下正躺在地上可知，他想找人帮忙把他扶起来。

　　答案：D

　　2．解析：细节理解题。略读文章的第二、三段，寻找关键信息可确定事件发生的顺序。

　　答案：A

　　3．解析：归纳题。根据约翰的表现：开始生气，但在知道真相后还帮助别人，而且这件事情发生后还用它提醒自己要留意生活，体谅别人。这说明他是个心地善良的人。

　　答案：C

　　4．解析：细节推断题。moved beyond words 意为 “感动得无以言表”，由此可推断他是想进一步帮助这兄弟俩。

　　答案：B

　　5．解析：细节推断题。倒数第二句说他留着这个凹痕没有整形是因为用它来提醒自己留意别人的需要或困难。由此可知，这句话想要告诉人们的是 “要关心别人的疾苦，体谅别人，要留意别人的困难。”

　　答案：C