定语从句

　　一、考点解读

　　定语从句考查的重点是关系副词与关系代词的区分及“介词＋关系代词”型的定语从句，其中对as，which，whose用法的考查也比较多。考查方式由知识结构的单一性向综合性、交叉性转变；由重点考查关系代词向 “介词＋关系代词”以及关系副词转变。学习时尤其要注意以下两种定语从句：1. 使用where而非“地点”型定语从句。定语从句的先行词是mark, situation, case, point, scene, business等名词而且从句缺少状语时，要使用where表示“一种特定的……情况”或“一个特定的……场合”。2. “分裂”型定语从句。即运用插入语、介词、副词短语等手段使先行词远离关系代词或关系副词，以达到增加试题难度的效果。

　　二、题例精讲

　　（）1.Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T- shirt，________

　　is a stupid thing to do in such weather.

　　A．this 　

　　B．that C．what　

　　D．which

　　【解析】 D　本题考查非限制性定语从句。which代表前面的整个句子的内容，指特德只穿短裤和T恤衫来度周末这件事。this和that均构成单句，逗号不能连接两个单句；what不是关系代词，不引导定语从句。

　　（）2.Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator，________it will keep for two or three weeks.

　　A．when

　　B．which

　　C．where

　　D．while

　　【解析】 C　考查定语从句。首先注意本句中的keep表示“（食物）保持不坏”，如：Finish off the pie—it won't keep.（把馅饼吃了吧——搁不住。）；其次从句的主语it指代的是Whatever is left over（剩下的任何东西），从句的全句为：Whatever is left over will keep for two or three weeks in the refrigerator. 先行词为refrigerator，在从句中作地点状语，故选C。

　　（）3.Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others，________， of course, made all the others upset.

　　A．who

　　B．which

　　C．what

　　D．that

　　【解析】 B　考查定语从句的关系词。去掉干扰成分of course后，题干会更清晰。可以看出，使大家不安的是前面所说的事情，即：Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others，代替前面所说的一件事情，要用which引导的非限制性定语从句。

　　（）4.She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students________ allows them to communicate freely with each other.

　　A. which

　　B. where

　　C. what

　　D. who

　　【解析】 A　本题考查定语从句。句意：她具有给学生创设一种允许他们自由交流的氛围的天赋。分析句子结构可知，定语从句“________allows them to communicate freely with each other”修饰先行词atmosphere，将先行词代入从句后为：The atmosphere allows them to communicate freely with each other.由此可知先行词在定语从句中作主语，而且指代物，所以须用关系代词which，故正确答案为A项。

　　（）5.Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of

　　________ she

　　spoke fluently.

　　A．who

　　B．whom

　　C．which

　　D．that

　　【解析】 C　本题考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知“all of ________”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰指代物的“German, French and Russian”，故排除A、B两项，又根据that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故选C。

　　（）6. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction________ had taken more than three years.

　　A．for which

　　B．with which

　　C．of which

　　D．to which

　　【解析】 C　考查定语从句。句意为：她带参观者在博物馆里到处参观，这家博物馆的建设花了三年多时间。

　　（）7.The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.

　　A．that

　　B．which

　　C．whose

　　D．what

　　【解析】 C　本题考查定语从句引导词的用法。本空在定语从句中作story的定语，因此用 whose。

　　（）8.The old town has narrow streets and small houses ________ are built close to each other.

　　A．they

　　B．where

　　C．what

　　D．that

　　【解析】 D　本题考查定语从句。从结构判断，houses后面是一个定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，因此用that引导。

　　（）9.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, ________we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.

　　A．which

　　B．where

　　C．who

　　D．that

　　【解析】 B　考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是the top of the hill，在此处指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，选B。其余选项与题意不符。

　　（）10.The school shop, ________customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.

　　A．which

　　B．whose

　　C．when

　　D．where

　　【解析】 B　本题考查定语从句。此处是whose引导的非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中作customers的定语。句意为“这个学校商店——其顾客大多是学生——因此放假就关门了。”

　　（）11. The days are gone___ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.

　　A．when

　　B．that

　　C．where

　　D．which

　　【解析】 A　考查定语从句的关系词。解题时要注意，关系词和先行词被are gone隔离。引导一个定语从句，代替表示时间的先行词the days，在从句中作时间状语，所以要用关系副词when。句意为：全靠体力谋生的日子已经一去不复返了。

　　（）12.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of

　　________uses it somewhat differently.

　　A．which

　　B．what

　　C．them

　　D．those

　　【解析】 A　考查定语从句。本句中的先行词是several diverse cultures，在从句中作of的宾语，所以应用关系代词which。

　　（）13.A bank is the place________ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.

　　A．when

　　B．that

　　C．where

　　D．there

　　【解析】 C　考查定语从句。本句中的先行词是the place，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where。

　　三、模拟试题

　　（）1.The small town is just the one you know ____

　　I used to work when I was young.

　　A．that

　　B．which

　　C．what

　　D．where

　　【解析】 D　考查定语从句。分析语境逻辑和句子结构可知，先行词the one在从句中作地点状语，因此该空应填where引导的定语从句。做题时应注意先行词与定语从句之间出现的插入语you know。

　　（）2.The hardships of my early life constantly remind me to provide the best environment for my son，________， I have to admit, may result in a little spoiling（溺爱）.

　　A．that

　　B．which

　　C．what

　　D．who

　　【解析】 B　考查定语从句。I have to admit作插入语， which在此引导非限制性定语从句， 充当从句的主语， 代指前面句子的内容。由此可以排除其他选项。

　　（）3.As a result of our serious staff shortages, the situation has risen

　　________

　　we have to hire graduating college students for help.

　　A．that

　　B．when

　　C．where

　　D．As

　　【解析】 C　考查定语从句。把从句补充完整：We have to hire graduating college students for help in the situation，可以看出，先行词为the situation在从句中作状语，故用关系副词where，因此答案为C。

　　（）4.As soon as you get home from school, think about the order

　　________

　　you will do homework and how much time you will spend on each one.

　　A．of which

　　B．in which

　　C．through which

　　D．at which

　　【解析】 B　考查定语从句。此题从搭配入手，in…order意为“按照……顺序”，此题即可迎刃而解。

　　（）5.—Believe it or not, my sister and I are twins.

　　—Oh, you must have had the case________ you were mistaken for your sister.

　　A．which

　　B．whose

　　C．where

　　D．whom

　　【解析】 C　考查定语从句。语意表示“你肯定有过你被误认为是你姐姐的情况”。where you were taken for your sister是定语从句，修饰先行词the ease，表示的是抽象地点，where可用in which替换。

　　（）6.—What does the notice say? —All the storytellers should meet at the same hall ________ won the first three prizes.

　　A．what

　　B．as

　　C．who

　　D．which

　　【解析】 C　考查定语从句。根据句法，这是个分隔式定语从句，从句“________won the first three prizes”缺少主语，先行词“All the storytellers”指人，所以用关系代词who或that，且不能省略。

　　（）7.We stayed in a quiet hotel, ________.

　　A．next to it was a thick wood

　　B．next to which was a thick wood

　　C．next to it there was a thick wood

　　D．next to which a thick wood was

　　【解析】 B　考查定语从句和倒装。句意：我们居住在一个安静的旅馆，旅馆附近是一片茂密的树林。后半句是定语从句，句中的which代指hotel，从句用倒装。

　　（）8.The beautiful village，________ we spent our holiday last month, lies at the foot of a mountain.

　　A．what

　　B．that

　　C．which

　　D．where

　　【解析】 D　考查定语从句。先行词the beautiful village表地点，定语从句we spent our holiday last month中缺少状语，所以应用关系副词where。

　　（）9.We hope the measures to control house prices, ________ are taken by the

　　government, will succeed.

　　A．which

　　B．that

　　C．what

　　D．as

　　【解析】 A　考查定语从句。which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 the measures, which 在从句中作主语。

　　定语从句

　　一、考点解读

　　定语从句考查的重点是关系副词与关系代词的区分及“介词＋关系代词”型的定语从句，其中对as，which，whose用法的考查也比较多。考查方式由知识结构的单一性向综合性、交叉性转变；由重点考查关系代词向 “介词＋关系代词”以及关系副词转变。学习时尤其要注意以下两种定语从句：1. 使用where而非“地点”型定语从句。定语从句的先行词是mark, situation, case, point, scene, business等名词而且从句缺少状语时，要使用where表示“一种特定的……情况”或“一个特定的……场合”。2. “分裂”型定语从句。即运用插入语、介词、副词短语等手段使先行词远离关系代词或关系副词，以达到增加试题难度的效果。

　　二、题例精讲

　　（）1.Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T- shirt，________

　　is a stupid thing to do in such weather.

　　A．this 　

　　B．that C．what　

　　D．which

　　【解析】 D　本题考查非限制性定语从句。which代表前面的整个句子的内容，指特德只穿短裤和T恤衫来度周末这件事。this和that均构成单句，逗号不能连接两个单句；what不是关系代词，不引导定语从句。

　　（）2.Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator，________it will keep for two or three weeks.

　　A．when

　　B．which

　　C．where

　　D．while

　　【解析】 C　考查定语从句。首先注意本句中的keep表示“（食物）保持不坏”，如：Finish off the pie—it won't keep.（把馅饼吃了吧——搁不住。）；其次从句的主语it指代的是Whatever is left over（剩下的任何东西），从句的全句为：Whatever is left over will keep for two or three weeks in the refrigerator. 先行词为refrigerator，在从句中作地点状语，故选C。

　　（）3.Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others，________， of course, made all the others upset.

　　A．who

　　B．which

　　C．what

　　D．that

　　【解析】 B　考查定语从句的关系词。去掉干扰成分of course后，题干会更清晰。可以看出，使大家不安的是前面所说的事情，即：Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others，代替前面所说的一件事情，要用which引导的非限制性定语从句。

　　（）4.She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students________ allows them to communicate freely with each other.

　　A. which

　　B. where

　　C. what

　　D. who

　　【解析】 A　本题考查定语从句。句意：她具有给学生创设一种允许他们自由交流的氛围的天赋。分析句子结构可知，定语从句“________allows them to communicate freely with each other”修饰先行词atmosphere，将先行词代入从句后为：The atmosphere allows them to communicate freely with each other.由此可知先行词在定语从句中作主语，而且指代物，所以须用关系代词which，故正确答案为A项。

　　（）5.Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of

　　________ she

　　spoke fluently.

　　A．who

　　B．whom

　　C．which

　　D．that

　　【解析】 C　本题考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知“all of ________”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰指代物的“German, French and Russian”，故排除A、B两项，又根据that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故选C。

　　（）6. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction________ had taken more than three years.

　　A．for which

　　B．with which

　　C．of which

　　D．to which

　　【解析】 C　考查定语从句。句意为：她带参观者在博物馆里到处参观，这家博物馆的建设花了三年多时间。

　　（）7.The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.

　　A．that

　　B．which

　　C．whose

　　D．what

　　【解析】 C　本题考查定语从句引导词的用法。本空在定语从句中作story的定语，因此用 whose。

　　（）8.The old town has narrow streets and small houses ________ are built close to each other.

　　A．they

　　B．where

　　C．what

　　D．that

　　【解析】 D　本题考查定语从句。从结构判断，houses后面是一个定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，因此用that引导。

　　（）9.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, ________we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.

　　A．which

　　B．where

　　C．who

　　D．that

　　【解析】 B　考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是the top of the hill，在此处指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，选B。其余选项与题意不符。

　　（）10.The school shop, ________customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.

　　A．which

　　B．whose

　　C．when

　　D．where

　　【解析】 B　本题考查定语从句。此处是whose引导的非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中作customers的定语。句意为“这个学校商店——其顾客大多是学生——因此放假就关门了。”

　　（）11. The days are gone___ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.

　　A．when

　　B．that

　　C．where

　　D．which

　　【解析】 A　考查定语从句的关系词。解题时要注意，关系词和先行词被are gone隔离。引导一个定语从句，代替表示时间的先行词the days，在从句中作时间状语，所以要用关系副词when。句意为：全靠体力谋生的日子已经一去不复返了。

　　（）12.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of

　　________uses it somewhat differently.

　　A．which

　　B．what

　　C．them

　　D．those

　　【解析】 A　考查定语从句。本句中的先行词是several diverse cultures，在从句中作of的宾语，所以应用关系代词which。

　　（）13.A bank is the place________ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.

　　A．when

　　B．that

　　C．where

　　D．there

　　【解析】 C　考查定语从句。本句中的先行词是the place，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where。

　　三、模拟试题

　　（）1.The small town is just the one you know ____

　　I used to work when I was young.

　　A．that

　　B．which

　　C．what

　　D．where

　　【解析】 D　考查定语从句。分析语境逻辑和句子结构可知，先行词the one在从句中作地点状语，因此该空应填where引导的定语从句。做题时应注意先行词与定语从句之间出现的插入语you know。

　　（）2.The hardships of my early life constantly remind me to provide the best environment for my son，________， I have to admit, may result in a little spoiling（溺爱）.

　　A．that

　　B．which

　　C．what

　　D．who

　　【解析】 B　考查定语从句。I have to admit作插入语， which在此引导非限制性定语从句， 充当从句的主语， 代指前面句子的内容。由此可以排除其他选项。

　　（）3.As a result of our serious staff shortages, the situation has risen

　　________

　　we have to hire graduating college students for help.

　　A．that

　　B．when

　　C．where

　　D．As

　　【解析】 C　考查定语从句。把从句补充完整：We have to hire graduating college students for help in the situation，可以看出，先行词为the situation在从句中作状语，故用关系副词where，因此答案为C。

　　（）4.As soon as you get home from school, think about the order

　　________

　　you will do homework and how much time you will spend on each one.

　　A．of which

　　B．in which

　　C．through which

　　D．at which

　　【解析】 B　考查定语从句。此题从搭配入手，in…order意为“按照……顺序”，此题即可迎刃而解。

　　（）5.—Believe it or not, my sister and I are twins.

　　—Oh, you must have had the case________ you were mistaken for your sister.

　　A．which

　　B．whose

　　C．where

　　D．whom

　　【解析】 C　考查定语从句。语意表示“你肯定有过你被误认为是你姐姐的情况”。where you were taken for your sister是定语从句，修饰先行词the ease，表示的是抽象地点，where可用in which替换。

　　（）6.—What does the notice say? —All the storytellers should meet at the same hall ________ won the first three prizes.

　　A．what

　　B．as

　　C．who

　　D．which

　　【解析】 C　考查定语从句。根据句法，这是个分隔式定语从句，从句“________won the first three prizes”缺少主语，先行词“All the storytellers”指人，所以用关系代词who或that，且不能省略。

　　（）7.We stayed in a quiet hotel, ________.

　　A．next to it was a thick wood

　　B．next to which was a thick wood

　　C．next to it there was a thick wood

　　D．next to which a thick wood was

　　【解析】 B　考查定语从句和倒装。句意：我们居住在一个安静的旅馆，旅馆附近是一片茂密的树林。后半句是定语从句，句中的which代指hotel，从句用倒装。

　　（）8.The beautiful village，________ we spent our holiday last month, lies at the foot of a mountain.

　　A．what

　　B．that

　　C．which

　　D．where

　　【解析】 D　考查定语从句。先行词the beautiful village表地点，定语从句we spent our holiday last month中缺少状语，所以应用关系副词where。

　　（）9.We hope the measures to control house prices, ________ are taken by the

　　government, will succeed.

　　A．which

　　B．that

　　C．what

　　D．as

　　【解析】 A　考查定语从句。which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 the measures, which 在从句中作主语。