2024届广东省广州市天河中学高考英语语法一轮复习基础知识点精讲:动词的-ed形式01(含答案)
动词的-ed形式
动词的-ed形式也是非谓语动词的一种,它具有动词的一些特点,同时也具有形容词、副词的句法功能,在句中可用作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。
一、?动词的-ed形式的特征
A.动词的-ed形式是由动词的过去分词构成 ? 动词的-ed形式只有一种形式,即传统语法中的过去分词。绝大部分的动词的-ed形式由动词原形加-ed构成,也有一些动词的-ed形式是不规则的。 ? 1. 规则动词的-ed形式 ? limit→limited(限制) ? pretend→pretended(假装) ? escape→escaped(逃脱) ? provide→provided(提供) ? refer→referred(提交) ? drag→dragged(拖) ? pray→prayed(祈祷) ? supply→supplied(供应) ? 2.不规则动词的-ed形式? ? cast→cast(投掷) ? spread→spread(传播) ? bite→bitten(咬) ? forgive→forgiven(原谅) ? spit→spat( 吐) ? wear→worn(穿) ? fight→fought(搏斗) ? lose→lost(丢失) ? 3.少数动词的-ed形式作定语时,读音与一般过去分词不同 ? learned?a learned professor 一位知识渊博的教授 ? aged?? an aged man? 老人 ? beloved?his beloved computer 他心爱的计算机
B.动词的-ed形式的否定形式 ? 动词的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加动词的-ed形式构成。 ? Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允许他进去,他只好在外面等着。 ? Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 从未被邀请过去他的聚会,她很生气。 ? C.动词的-ed形式的特征 ? 动词的-ed形式有被动的意思,有时也可表示完成的动作。 ? 1.动词的-ed形式表示已完成的动作。 ? 除了作形容词用的-ed形式外,动词的-ed形式可带有完成的意义,有的同时也带有被动的意义。 ? Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology. 由于在农村出生并长大,他对生物很感兴趣。 ? One of the glasses was found broken. 有人发现其中一个杯子破了。 ? The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. 鲁迅写的这些书,受到了许多中国人的喜爱。 ? 2.及物动词的-ed形式一般表示被动的意思。 ? Given more time, I could have solved that riddle. 要是有充足的时间,我就能猜出那个谜语。(句子的主语I 和动词give之间是被动关系。) ? When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood. 你说英语的时候,一定要让人懂得你的意思。(动词make的宾语yourself和宾语补足语understand之间是被动关系。) ? The experience gained in the army was of great value to our study. 在军队获得的经验对我们的学习很有帮助。 ? 3.不及物动词的-ed形式只表示完成的意思,并不带有被动的含义。 ? an escaped prisoner 逃犯 (= a prisoner who has escaped) ? a retired worker 退休工人 (= a worker who has retired) ? a newly arrived guest 新来的客人 (= a guest who has just arrived) ? We should bring in advanced technology from developed countries from time to time.我们应该不时地从发达国家引进先进技术。 ? People should pay attention to the changed situation. 人们应该注意到变化了的形势。二、动词的-ed形式的用法
动词的-ed形式在句中主要起形容词和副词的作用,可以作定语、表语、状语和补语。
A.动词的-ed形式作表语 ? 1.-ed形式在连系动词后作表语,说明主语的状态。 ? The students are fully prepared. 学生们已做好了充分的准备。 ? When we got there, the shop was closed. 我们到那儿时,商店已经关门了。 ? She felt satisfied with her performance on the high-and-low bars. 她对自己在高低杠上的表现感到很满意。 ? The land remained unexploited. 这片土地尚未开发。 ? Hearing the news, he looked disappointed.? 听到这个消息,他看起来非常失望。 ? The top of the mountain is covered with snow all through the year. 山顶上终年积雪覆盖。 ? 比较: ? 要把-ed形式作表语和被动语态区别开来。作表语的-ed形式表示状态,被动语态中的-ed形式表示被动动作。 ? All the doors are locked. 所有的门都是锁着的。(-ed形式作表语,表示状态) ? All the doors were locked by the guard. 所有的门都被卫兵锁上了。(被动语态,表示动作) ? Peter the Great is buried here. 彼得大帝就埋葬在这里。(-ed形式作表语,表示状态 ? Peter the Great was buried here in 1725. 彼得大帝于1725年被埋葬在这里。(被动语态,表示动作) ? 2.同一动词的-ed形式与-ing形式作表语时的区别。 ? 动词的-ed形式作表语,主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态,含有被动的意思,而-ing形式作?表语多表示主语具有的特征,含有主动的意思。 ? They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。 ? At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved. 看到这么动人的情景,所有在场的人都感动了。 ? 提示: ? 上述动词的-ed形式,有的(如pleased, tired, excited, disappointed等)已经变成形容词,可以被very, too等副词修饰。有的(如amused, puzzled, relaxed等)还不能被very, too修饰,只能被much修饰。 ? These problems are very puzzling.? 这些问题很令人迷惑。 ? We are much puzzled by his failure to reply.? 他不给我们回信使我们百思不得其解。 ? His speech was very moving.? 他的演讲非常感人。 ? All the people present were moved to tears.? 在场的所有人都被感动得流泪了。
B.动词的-ed形式作宾语补足语 ? 当作宾语补足语的动词和前面的宾语之间是被动关系时,一般应用动词的-ed形式作宾语的补足语。 ? 1.在感觉动词see, hear, feel, notice, watch, find后作宾语补足语。 ? I heard the Ninth Symphony played last night. ?昨晚我听了第九交响乐的演奏。 ? We found all the rivers seriously polluted. ?我们发现所有的河流都被严重污染了。 ? Yesterday I noticed a little girl caught stealing in the shop. 昨天我在商店里注意到一个小女孩偷东西被抓住了。 ? He felt his collar pulled by someone from behind. 他感觉到衣领被人从后面拉了一下。 ? 2.在使役动词get, have, make, leave, keep等后作宾语补足语。 ? ①动词的-ed形式作get的宾语补足语。 ? Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital. 多丽丝在医院把坏牙拔了。 ? I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll come. 我得先把盘子洗了,然后就来。 ? 比较: ? 动词get后也可接动词不定式或动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语,和宾语是主动关系。 ? I couldn誸 get the car to start this morning. 今早我无法把汽车发动起来。 ? He got his sister to help him with his clothes. 他让姐姐帮他洗衣服。 ? It is not hard to get him talking; the problem is stopping him! 让他说话不难,难的是说开了止不住他。 ? Can you really get that old clock going again 你真的能让那辆旧钟再走起来吗? ? ②动词的-ed形式作make的宾语补足语。 ? He raised his voice in order to make himself heard. 他提高了嗓门为了使别人听清他的讲话。 ? You should make your views known to the public. 你应该让公众知道你的观点。 ? 注意: ? 动词make后的宾语补足语可用不带to的动词不定式或动词的-ed形式,但不可用动词的-ing形式。 ? 【误】Can you make the students understanding the text ? 【正】Can you make the students understand the text 你能让学生理解这篇课文吗? ? 【正】Can you make the text understood by the students 你能让学生理解这篇课文吗? ? ③动词的-ed形式作keep或leave的宾语补足语。 ? They all went home, leaving all the work undone. 所有的工作都没完成,他们就回家了。 ? The detective and his assistant kept themselves locked in the room all night. 侦探和他的助手把自己整夜反锁在房间里。 ?? 3.动词的-ed形式也可用在with(without)结构中,作介词的宾语补足语。 ? With everything well arranged, he left the office. 一切都安排妥善之后,他离开了办公室。 ? She has come back with her backpack filled with interesting picture-books. 她已经回来了,背包里塞满了有趣的图书。 ? Without any grain left in the house, the little girl had to go begging. 家里没有粮食,小女孩只好出去讨饭。 ? Without any more time given, we couldn't finish the task in three weeks. 如果不再给我们任何时间的话,我们三星期之内完成不了任务。 ? 4.某些动词后(如want, need, prefer, would like等),作宾语补足语的不定式被动形式省略“to be”,就成了-ed形式作宾语补足语。 ? I would like this matter (to be) settled immediately. 我希望这事立即得到解决。 ? I'd prefer this book translated by my sister. 我情愿让我妹妹来翻译这本书。 ? We need the work (to be) finished by Saturday. 我们需要这项工作周六之前完成。 ? The peasants don't want good farmland (to be) built on. 农民们不想让好好的农田被用来建造房子。
C.动词的-ed形式作定语
动词的-ed形式作定语修饰名词分为前置和后置两类。 ? 1.前置定语 ? 单个的动词的-ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前,作前置定语。 ? A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开。 ? All the broken doors and windows have been repaired. 所有的坏门窗都修好了。 ? When we arrived, we each were given a printed question paper. 我们到达的时候,每人被发给了一份印制好的试卷。 ? 提示: ? 如要表示强调,单个动词-ed形式也可作后置定语。 ? Money spent is more than money earned.? 入不敷出。 ? 2.后置定语 ? 作后置定语的-ed形式一般都带有修饰语或其他成分,在语法上相当于一个定语从句。 ? We have read many novels written by this author. 我们读过这个作家写的许多小说。(= that are written by this author) ? Half of the honoured guests invited to the reception were foreign ambassadors. 被邀请到招待会上的贵宾有一半都是外国大使。(= who had been invited to the reception) ? The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功,共有一千名学生出席了。(= which was attended by one thousand students) ? A woman, dressed like a lawyer, came in and took her seat as judge. 一个律师装扮的女人走了进来,并作为法官就座。(= who was dressed like a lawyer)
动词的-ed形式
动词的-ed形式也是非谓语动词的一种,它具有动词的一些特点,同时也具有形容词、副词的句法功能,在句中可用作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。
一、?动词的-ed形式的特征
A.动词的-ed形式是由动词的过去分词构成 ? 动词的-ed形式只有一种形式,即传统语法中的过去分词。绝大部分的动词的-ed形式由动词原形加-ed构成,也有一些动词的-ed形式是不规则的。 ? 1. 规则动词的-ed形式 ? limit→limited(限制) ? pretend→pretended(假装) ? escape→escaped(逃脱) ? provide→provided(提供) ? refer→referred(提交) ? drag→dragged(拖) ? pray→prayed(祈祷) ? supply→supplied(供应) ? 2.不规则动词的-ed形式? ? cast→cast(投掷) ? spread→spread(传播) ? bite→bitten(咬) ? forgive→forgiven(原谅) ? spit→spat( 吐) ? wear→worn(穿) ? fight→fought(搏斗) ? lose→lost(丢失) ? 3.少数动词的-ed形式作定语时,读音与一般过去分词不同 ? learned?a learned professor 一位知识渊博的教授 ? aged?? an aged man? 老人 ? beloved?his beloved computer 他心爱的计算机
B.动词的-ed形式的否定形式 ? 动词的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加动词的-ed形式构成。 ? Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允许他进去,他只好在外面等着。 ? Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 从未被邀请过去他的聚会,她很生气。 ? C.动词的-ed形式的特征 ? 动词的-ed形式有被动的意思,有时也可表示完成的动作。 ? 1.动词的-ed形式表示已完成的动作。 ? 除了作形容词用的-ed形式外,动词的-ed形式可带有完成的意义,有的同时也带有被动的意义。 ? Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology. 由于在农村出生并长大,他对生物很感兴趣。 ? One of the glasses was found broken. 有人发现其中一个杯子破了。 ? The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. 鲁迅写的这些书,受到了许多中国人的喜爱。 ? 2.及物动词的-ed形式一般表示被动的意思。 ? Given more time, I could have solved that riddle. 要是有充足的时间,我就能猜出那个谜语。(句子的主语I 和动词give之间是被动关系。) ? When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood. 你说英语的时候,一定要让人懂得你的意思。(动词make的宾语yourself和宾语补足语understand之间是被动关系。) ? The experience gained in the army was of great value to our study. 在军队获得的经验对我们的学习很有帮助。 ? 3.不及物动词的-ed形式只表示完成的意思,并不带有被动的含义。 ? an escaped prisoner 逃犯 (= a prisoner who has escaped) ? a retired worker 退休工人 (= a worker who has retired) ? a newly arrived guest 新来的客人 (= a guest who has just arrived) ? We should bring in advanced technology from developed countries from time to time.我们应该不时地从发达国家引进先进技术。 ? People should pay attention to the changed situation. 人们应该注意到变化了的形势。二、动词的-ed形式的用法
动词的-ed形式在句中主要起形容词和副词的作用,可以作定语、表语、状语和补语。
A.动词的-ed形式作表语 ? 1.-ed形式在连系动词后作表语,说明主语的状态。 ? The students are fully prepared. 学生们已做好了充分的准备。 ? When we got there, the shop was closed. 我们到那儿时,商店已经关门了。 ? She felt satisfied with her performance on the high-and-low bars. 她对自己在高低杠上的表现感到很满意。 ? The land remained unexploited. 这片土地尚未开发。 ? Hearing the news, he looked disappointed.? 听到这个消息,他看起来非常失望。 ? The top of the mountain is covered with snow all through the year. 山顶上终年积雪覆盖。 ? 比较: ? 要把-ed形式作表语和被动语态区别开来。作表语的-ed形式表示状态,被动语态中的-ed形式表示被动动作。 ? All the doors are locked. 所有的门都是锁着的。(-ed形式作表语,表示状态) ? All the doors were locked by the guard. 所有的门都被卫兵锁上了。(被动语态,表示动作) ? Peter the Great is buried here. 彼得大帝就埋葬在这里。(-ed形式作表语,表示状态 ? Peter the Great was buried here in 1725. 彼得大帝于1725年被埋葬在这里。(被动语态,表示动作) ? 2.同一动词的-ed形式与-ing形式作表语时的区别。 ? 动词的-ed形式作表语,主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态,含有被动的意思,而-ing形式作?表语多表示主语具有的特征,含有主动的意思。 ? They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。 ? At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved. 看到这么动人的情景,所有在场的人都感动了。 ? 提示: ? 上述动词的-ed形式,有的(如pleased, tired, excited, disappointed等)已经变成形容词,可以被very, too等副词修饰。有的(如amused, puzzled, relaxed等)还不能被very, too修饰,只能被much修饰。 ? These problems are very puzzling.? 这些问题很令人迷惑。 ? We are much puzzled by his failure to reply.? 他不给我们回信使我们百思不得其解。 ? His speech was very moving.? 他的演讲非常感人。 ? All the people present were moved to tears.? 在场的所有人都被感动得流泪了。
B.动词的-ed形式作宾语补足语 ? 当作宾语补足语的动词和前面的宾语之间是被动关系时,一般应用动词的-ed形式作宾语的补足语。 ? 1.在感觉动词see, hear, feel, notice, watch, find后作宾语补足语。 ? I heard the Ninth Symphony played last night. ?昨晚我听了第九交响乐的演奏。 ? We found all the rivers seriously polluted. ?我们发现所有的河流都被严重污染了。 ? Yesterday I noticed a little girl caught stealing in the shop. 昨天我在商店里注意到一个小女孩偷东西被抓住了。 ? He felt his collar pulled by someone from behind. 他感觉到衣领被人从后面拉了一下。 ? 2.在使役动词get, have, make, leave, keep等后作宾语补足语。 ? ①动词的-ed形式作get的宾语补足语。 ? Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital. 多丽丝在医院把坏牙拔了。 ? I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll come. 我得先把盘子洗了,然后就来。 ? 比较: ? 动词get后也可接动词不定式或动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语,和宾语是主动关系。 ? I couldn誸 get the car to start this morning. 今早我无法把汽车发动起来。 ? He got his sister to help him with his clothes. 他让姐姐帮他洗衣服。 ? It is not hard to get him talking; the problem is stopping him! 让他说话不难,难的是说开了止不住他。 ? Can you really get that old clock going again 你真的能让那辆旧钟再走起来吗? ? ②动词的-ed形式作make的宾语补足语。 ? He raised his voice in order to make himself heard. 他提高了嗓门为了使别人听清他的讲话。 ? You should make your views known to the public. 你应该让公众知道你的观点。 ? 注意: ? 动词make后的宾语补足语可用不带to的动词不定式或动词的-ed形式,但不可用动词的-ing形式。 ? 【误】Can you make the students understanding the text ? 【正】Can you make the students understand the text 你能让学生理解这篇课文吗? ? 【正】Can you make the text understood by the students 你能让学生理解这篇课文吗? ? ③动词的-ed形式作keep或leave的宾语补足语。 ? They all went home, leaving all the work undone. 所有的工作都没完成,他们就回家了。 ? The detective and his assistant kept themselves locked in the room all night. 侦探和他的助手把自己整夜反锁在房间里。 ?? 3.动词的-ed形式也可用在with(without)结构中,作介词的宾语补足语。 ? With everything well arranged, he left the office. 一切都安排妥善之后,他离开了办公室。 ? She has come back with her backpack filled with interesting picture-books. 她已经回来了,背包里塞满了有趣的图书。 ? Without any grain left in the house, the little girl had to go begging. 家里没有粮食,小女孩只好出去讨饭。 ? Without any more time given, we couldn't finish the task in three weeks. 如果不再给我们任何时间的话,我们三星期之内完成不了任务。 ? 4.某些动词后(如want, need, prefer, would like等),作宾语补足语的不定式被动形式省略“to be”,就成了-ed形式作宾语补足语。 ? I would like this matter (to be) settled immediately. 我希望这事立即得到解决。 ? I'd prefer this book translated by my sister. 我情愿让我妹妹来翻译这本书。 ? We need the work (to be) finished by Saturday. 我们需要这项工作周六之前完成。 ? The peasants don't want good farmland (to be) built on. 农民们不想让好好的农田被用来建造房子。
C.动词的-ed形式作定语
动词的-ed形式作定语修饰名词分为前置和后置两类。 ? 1.前置定语 ? 单个的动词的-ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前,作前置定语。 ? A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开。 ? All the broken doors and windows have been repaired. 所有的坏门窗都修好了。 ? When we arrived, we each were given a printed question paper. 我们到达的时候,每人被发给了一份印制好的试卷。 ? 提示: ? 如要表示强调,单个动词-ed形式也可作后置定语。 ? Money spent is more than money earned.? 入不敷出。 ? 2.后置定语 ? 作后置定语的-ed形式一般都带有修饰语或其他成分,在语法上相当于一个定语从句。 ? We have read many novels written by this author. 我们读过这个作家写的许多小说。(= that are written by this author) ? Half of the honoured guests invited to the reception were foreign ambassadors. 被邀请到招待会上的贵宾有一半都是外国大使。(= who had been invited to the reception) ? The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功,共有一千名学生出席了。(= which was attended by one thousand students) ? A woman, dressed like a lawyer, came in and took her seat as judge. 一个律师装扮的女人走了进来,并作为法官就座。(= who was dressed like a lawyer)