第一部分　选修八　Module

　　1-2

　?、?阅读理解

　　(2024·内蒙古包头一中三模)

　　Electric cars are dirty. In fact, not only are they dirty, they might even be more dirty than their gasoline-powered cousins.

　　People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions (排放) vehicles”， but people in California seem to be_clueless about where electricity comes from. Power plants mostly use fire to make it. Aside from the few folks who have their roofs covered with solar ceils, we get our electricity from generators (发电机). Generators are fueled by something—usually coal, oil, and also by heat generated in nuclear power plants. There are a few wind farms and geothermal (地热的) plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something.

　　In other words, those “zero-emissions” cars are likely coal-burning cars. It's just because the coal is burned somewhere else, so it looks clean. It is not. It's as if the California greens are covering their eyes—“If I can't see it, it's not happening.” Gasoline is an unbelievably efficient way to power a vehicle; a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it. But when you take that gas [or another fuel] and first use it to make electricity, you waste a nice part of that energy, mostly in the form of wasted heat—at the generator, through the transmission lines, etc.

　　A gallon of gas may propel your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won't get you nearly as far—so electric cars burn more fuel than gas-powered ones. If our electricity came mostly from geothermal, or hydro, or solar, or wind, then an electric car truly would be clean. But for political, technical, and economic reasons, we don't use much of those energy sources.

　　In addition, electric cars' batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill (垃圾) and finally, when cars are the polluters, the pollution is spread across all the roads. When it's a power plant, though, all the junk is in one place. Nature is very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated, but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot.

　　语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章阐述了电能汽车并不环保。

　　1．What is the main idea of the passage?

　　A．Electric cars are not clean at all.

　　B．Electric cars are better than gasoline-powered ones.

　　C．People have doubts about electric cars' batteries.

　　D．Gasoline is an effective way to power a vehicle.

　　答案：A　主旨大意题。第一段指明了本文主旨“电能汽车并不清洁”，随后的几段都是通过各种证据来证明这一论点的。故选A项。

　　2．The underlined words “be clueless” mean ________.

　　A．know nothing

　　B．have confidence

　　C．feel excited

　　D．be pleased

　　答案：A　词义猜测题。句意为：加利福尼亚州的人们喜欢谈论“零排放车辆”，但是他们好像并不清楚电能的来源。故选A项。

　　3．The electricity we get from a gallon of gas may make our car run ________.

　　A．not less than 25 miles

　　B．as far as 50 miles

　　C．as far as 25 miles

　　D．not more than 25 miles

　　答案：D　推理判断题。根据第四段第一、二句“A gallon of gas may propel your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won't get you nearly as far...”可知，同样用一加仑的汽油，电能汽车所行驶的路程比不上燃油汽车行驶的路程远，即不超过25英里。故选D项。

　　4．According to the passage, electric cars ________.

　　A．are more environmentally friendly

　　B．burn more fuel than gas-powered ones

　　C．are very good at cleaning up

　　D．are poisonous for a long time

　　答案：B　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句中的“...so electric cars burn more fuel than gas-powered ones.”可知，电能汽车比燃油汽车消耗更多的能源。故选B项。

　?、?七选五

　　根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　(2024·太原市高三二模)

　　iPads vs. Textbooks

　　What if you could have your whole backpack at the touch of your fingertips? In the first month of the Apple iPads release, 25million were sold! People all over the world use iPads for all sorts of different things, but one of their finest qualities is the ability to be a textbook. __1__

　　To begin with, iPad are less expensive. Textbooks become outdated and schools have to buy new books, but with an iPad schools can update them for free. __2__ Schools don't have to spend $500 every year for iPads because they last a while and can be updated.

　　__3__ Students usually have multiple classes, which results in multiple textbooks. Heavy backpacks filled with books can cause back problem. A solution to that is an iPad, which only weighs 1.33 pounds and can hold all of a student's textbooks.

　　Third, schools should get rid of their textbooks and get iPads because they have more capabilities. Some might think all of the apps are distracting, but the apps actually make iPads more efficient. __4__ Textbooks cannot do those tasks, but iPads can easily do them with just a tap of the fingertip.Lastly, iPads are a better choice for schools instead of textbooks because these devices allow students to access their learning anywhere at any time. __5__ With iPads, they find it easier to get their homework done.

　　In conclusion, schools should get rid of their clumsy textbooks and switch to iPads. iPads have allowed this generation to have their entire backpack in the palm of their hands.

　　A．These tablets are perfect for busy students.

　　B．Second, iPads cost less and are more popular.

　　C．Therefore, they can use the saved money for other programs.

　　D．iPads have already replaced textbooks in over 600 American counties.

　　E．Moreover, in high school, textbooks have an average of 4.8 pounds each.

　　F．Schools have every reason to do away with their school books and switch to iPads.

　　G．iPads absorb the need to buy calculators, dictionaries, and other items that are found within the device.

　　语篇解读：本文主要以电子产品ipad为话题，对比传统教科书，说明了学校应该用ipad替代textbooks的原因。

　　1．F　本段为主题段，总结下文的五段可知此句是本文的主题句；do away with their school books 表示抛弃传统教科书；switch to ipads 表示要用iPad，可知答案选F。

　　2．C　根据前句说iPad的优点是可以免费更新；此句承接上句，选项C中用saved money，可知答案选C。

　　3．E　此题容易错选成B; 但是，根据本段的主题是说iPad的重量轻，便于携带。故答案选E。

　　4．G　根据前句的关键词apps，可以替换选项中的calculators ，dictionaries, and other items。可知答案选G。

　　5．A　根据前后句逻辑关系，可知前后句表示并列；是说让学习变得更容易。由此可知答案选A。

　?、?完形填空

　　My daughter is a single parent. She works hard to __1__ for herself and her three young sons. She budgets carefully and __2__ to plan for the little luxuries (奢侈品) and treats that others take for granted. When her eldest son, David, wanted a __3__ so that he could do an after-school newspaper delivery job, she __4__ and soon, he was the proud __5__ of a good second-hand bike.

　　One afternoon, my daughter asked David to go to a local shop. He rode his bicycle, __6__ foolishly left it outside the shop without __7__

　　it up. When David came out of the shop, it was __8__. He walked home in __9__ and then, together with his frustrated mother, went to the local police station to report the __10__.

　　Imagine their __11__ when they arrived at the station: a car parked out front had David's bike wedged (挤进) in its boot (汽车后部的行李箱). The __12__ told them how he'd seen a group of kids __13__ the bike once my grandson had gone inside the shop.

　　The driver-in his late teens himself-had called out to them to “leave that bike __14__！” Despite this, one member of the group __15__ on the bicycle and rode it away while the others followed. Not to be __16__， the teen got in his car, drove after them and __17__ that they give the stolen bike back.

　　He was happy to be able to __18__ it to my grandson together with a lecture (echoed by the policeman and his mother) about the silliness of __19__ to use the bike lock. __20__， in all the excitement, he slipped away, without even giving them his name or telephone number.

　　1．A.stand B．provide

　　C．change D．watch

　　答案：B　根据首句提到的作者女儿是个单亲母亲可推知她必须抚养自己和她的三个孩子，故选B，provide for“抚养”； stand for“代表”；watch for“守候，注意”。

　　2．A.permits

　　B．refuses

　　C．manages

　　D．decides

　　答案：C　根据空前面的“She budgets carefully”以及下文她为孩子买自行车的事可知她认真预算，设法买一些其他人想当然就能得到的小奢侈品。manage to do sth“设法做某事”；permit to do sth“允许做某事”；refuse to do sth“拒绝做某事”。

　　3．A.bicycle

　　B．watch

　　C．phone

　　D．backpack

　　答案：A　由下文“he was the proud __5__ of a good second-hand bike.”可知她儿子想要得到一辆自行车。

　　4．A.gave out

　　B．set aside

　　C．saved up

　　D．worked up

　　答案：C　根据上下文可知这里表示她积攒了钱给孩子买自行车，故选C。set aside表示“留出，留作……之用”，表示“留出钱备用”必须说set money aside。

　　5．A.driver

　　B．worker

　　C．seller

　　D．owner

　　答案：D　这里对应上文的“When her eldest son, David, wanted a __3__”，David从期盼拥有自行车到真正拥有自行车，故答案为D。owner“所有者”。

　　6．A.and B．but

　　C．so

　　D．when

　　答案：B　他骑自行车前往商店，但是忘了锁车，前后句之间是转折关系，故选B。

　　7．A.locking B．picking

　　C．covering

　　D．hiding

　　答案：A　从下文“He walked home in __9__”和“a lecture ... about the silliness of __19__ to use the bike lock”可知他忘了给自行车上锁，导致自行车被盗。

　　8．A.left B．missed

　　C．broken D．gone

　　答案：D　从下文“He walked home in __9__”和“a lecture ... about the silliness of __19__ to use the bike lock”可知他忘了给自行车上锁，导致自行车被盗。

　　9．A.surprise B．trouble

　　C．tears

　　D．peace

　　答案：C　上文提到他好不容易得到这辆自行车，却不小心弄丢了，所以他回家当然心情沮丧，只有C项符合语境。in tears“流泪”；in trouble“处于困境中”；in peace“平静地”。

　　10．A.danger B．theft

　　C．accident

　　D．fight

　　答案：B　由上文以及下文的“the teen got in his car, drove after them and __17__ that they give the stolen bike back”可知他们母子俩是去警察局报告这次自行车被盗事件，故选B，theft“盗窃案”。

　　11．A.joy B．regret

　　C．anger

　　D．disappointment

　　答案：A　由下文“a car parked out front had David's bike wedged in its boot”可知当他们看到自己丢失的自行车就停在警察局前，自然非常高兴，故选A。

　　12．A.policeman B．manager

　　C．teacher

　　D．driver

　　答案：D　一辆小车?？吭诰炀智?，后备箱里还装着David的自行车，上前解释怎么回事的当然是该小车的司机了，故选D。

　　13．A.ride B．fix

　　C．steal

　　D．knock

　　答案：C　由“__17__ that they give the stolen bike back”可知作者外孙进入商店后，有一群孩子在偷盗他的自行车。

　　14．A.out B．off

　　C．away

　　D．alone

　　答案： D　leave sth alone表示“把……独自留在那儿”。这位司机看到有人偷自行车，所以大喊，“别动那自行车”，D符合语境。

　　15．A.jumped B．touched

　　C．walked

　　D．moved

　　答案： A　由下文的“rode it away”可知有一个人跳上(jump)了自行车，把它骑走了。

　　16．A.annoyed

　　B．angry

　　C．confused

　　D．discouraged

　　答案：D　由下文可知，眼看着自行车被人偷走了，虽然前面干涉无效，这位司机也不泄气，开车继续追，故选D。

　　17．A.advised

　　B．demanded

　　C．forced

　　D．promised

　　答案：B　这名司机开车去追偷自行车的人，并________他们把自行车退回来。advise“建议”；demand“命令”；force“强迫”；promise“允诺，答应”。根据语境可知B为最佳选项。force后通常不接that从句，常见搭配为force sb to do sth。

　　18．A.donate

　　B．explain

　　C．return

　　D．pass

　　答案：C　根据上下文可知这名司机很高兴能物归原主，故选C。

　　19．A.learning

　　B．teaching

　　C．reminding

　　D．failing

　　答案：D　上文提到作者的外孙忘记锁自行车才导致自行车被盗，所以这里指没有给自行车上锁，fail在此表示“忘记，疏忽”。

　　20．A.Besides

　　B．Then

　　C．Finally

　　D．Therefore

　　答案：B　根据此空前后两句的逻辑关系，可知这里表示时间上的顺承关系，司机说完他觉得该说的，就溜走了，故选B。

　?、?语法填空

　　阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　(2024·山东淄博一模)

　　A Thanksgiving Day story in the newspaper told of a school teacher who asked her class of first graders to draw a picture of something they were thankful for. She thought of how little these children from poor neighborhood __1__(actual) had to be thankful for. But she knew that most of them would draw pictures of turkeys or tables full __2__ food. The teacher was surprised with the picture Douglas handed in—a small childishly hand!

　　But whose hand? The class was __3__(puzzle) by the abstract drawing.“I think it must be the hand of God __4__ brings us food，” said one child.“A farmer，” said another，“because he __5__(feed) the turkeys.” Finally, when the others were at work, the teacher __6__ (bend)over at Douglas' desk and asked whose hand it was. “It's your hand，Teacher，” he said in a low voice.

　　She remembered that frequently at break she had taken Douglas, a small lonely child, by __7__ hand. She often did that with the __8__(child). But it meant so much to Douglas. Perhaps this was everyone's Thanks-giving，not for the material things __9__(give) to us but for the chance，in whatever small way, __10__(give) to others.