③[写作佳句] The school can’t stand cheating in exams.

　　＝The school can’t bear ________ in exams.

　　＝The school can’t tolerate ________ in exams.

　　学校绝不容许考试舞弊。 答案　①being treated　②tolerance　③cheating/to cheat；cheating 特别提示：表示“容忍”的表达还有：stand (sb) doing sth忍受/容忍(某人)做某事；bear (sb) doing/to do sth忍受/容忍(某人)做某事；put up with 忍受；容忍等。

　　[短 语 点 拨] 1.take up 拿起；接受；开始；继续；占据；从事

　　[高考例句](2024·四川，书面表达)For example，playing football and watching TV take up much of my spare time.

　　例如，踢足球和看电视占用了我很多业余时间。 take sth back 撤销；收回(所说的话以示道歉) take down 写下；拆除 take in 收留；吸收；欺骗 take off 脱掉；起飞；成名 take on 雇用；呈现；承担 take over 占据；接任；接替 写出下列句中take up的含义 ①Are you going to take up the challenge lasting a whole week without arguing? ②Important people don’t often have much free time as their work takes up all their time. ③After he retired from office，Royers took up painting for a while，but soon lost interest. ④She took up the story where Tim had left off. 答案　①接受　②占用　③从事　④继续

　　2.lose sight of...看不见……

　　[教材原句]However，I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.

　　可是，当我们到达一个看上去像大市场的地方时，由于太多车子朝四面八方飞奔，我看不见王平了。 (1)come into sight 进入视野内；映入眼帘 catch sight of...望见；看到…… (2)at first sight 乍一看 at the sight of 看到 out of sight 看不到；在视野之外 in/within sight在视野内，在视线内 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Out ________ sight，out of mind.

　　眼不见，心不烦。 ②Finally he ____________ the young man’s light overcoat in the distance.

　　最后他总算在远处看见了那个年轻人穿的淡色外套。 ③[写作佳句]In time of difficulty，we must not ____________ our achievements and we must build up our courage.

　　在遇到困难的时候，我们一定不能忽视我们的成绩，必须鼓起我们的勇气。 答案　①of　②caught sight of　③lose sight of

　　3.speed up加速

　　[高考例句](2024·四川，写作)Obviously，a good learning habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.

　　显而易见，一个好的学习习惯能帮助我们尽快达到我们的目标。 at high/low/full/top speed 以高/低/全/最高速 at a speed of...以……的速度 with all speed 尽快地 reduce speed 减速 pick up speed 加速 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The police car is running ________ a speed of 100 miles per hour to chase after the truck ahead of it.

　　警车以每小时100英里的速度追赶前面那辆卡车。 ②They ____________ the production of the new car.

　　他们已经加快了新汽车的生产。 答案　①at　②have speeded up

　　[句 式 透 析] 1.[教材原句]Hit by a lack of fresh air，my head ached.

　　由于缺少新鲜空气，我感到头痛。 (1)过去分词或过去分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等，表示被动或完成； (2)过去分词的逻辑主语一般与句子主语一致； (3)过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语之间为被动关系。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Once ________ (publish)，the dictionary will be very popular.

　　一旦出版，这本词典将大受欢迎。 ②________ (give) another hour，I can also work out this problem.

　　如果再给我一个小时，我也能把这道题算出来。 ③The old man got on the bus，____________.

　　在一位姑娘的搀扶下，老人上了公共汽车。 答案　①published　②Given　③supported by a girl 特别提示：过去分词作状语时，其前面可以带有相应的连词，如when，though，although，as if，as though，if，unless，until，once等，表时间、让步、条件、方式等。

　　2.[教材原句]Exhausted，I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.

　　我感到累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。 表示原因或伴随的形容词、形容词短语或形容词化的分词作状语，多放在句首或句末，句子的主语就是其逻辑主语。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①For a moment she just stood there，________ (able) to believe what had just happened.

　　她在那儿呆呆地站了一会儿，简直不能相信刚才发生的事。 ②He spent seven days in the wind and snow，____________.

　　他又冷又饿地在风雪中度过了7天。 ③[写作佳句]____________，he stood up and accepted the prize.

　　既吃惊又高兴，他站起来接受奖品。 答案　①unable　②cold and hungry　③Surprised and happy

　　3.[教材原句]Inside was an exhibition of the most up-to-date inventions of the 31st century.

　　太空站里展出了31世纪一些最前沿的发明。 表示地点的副词或介词短语位于句首，主语是名词时要用完全倒装。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River ________ (lie) Chongqing.

　　重庆位于长江和嘉陵江的交汇处。 ②In the back of the classroom ____________.

　　在教室的后面坐着一位老人。 答案　①lies　②sits an old man

　　知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 Ⅰ.核心单词→识记·思考·运用 一、单词拼写 1.(2024·江苏，书面表达)And third，remain _________ (乐观的) about your future. 2.(2024·浙江，阅读B)It’s more that a ________ (缺乏) of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease. 3.This book ________ (指导) us in using English words and idioms. 4.*(2024·陕西，阅读D)________ (早先的) generations concentrated on getting children to school on time，fed，dressed and ready to learn. 5.He became the first person to cross the ________ (沙漠) on foot.

　　optimistic lack guides

　　Previous desert 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.*(2024·江苏，32)Some schools will have to make __________ (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform. 2.*(2024·陕西，单词拼写)They failed to reach a ________ (settle)，because they disagree too much with each other. 3.*(2024·天津，阅读表达)We are ________ (constant) wondering and trying to find out what’s over the hill and beyond the horizon. 4.*We didn’t have the picnic because the weather was ________ (certain). 5.*(2024·四川，阅读表达)Out of breath，I swung open the door and got a blast of cold air that ________ (instant) cooled me off.

　　adjustments settlement constantly uncertain instantly 6.*(2024·湖南，23)Only after talking to two students did I discover that having

　　strong _________ (motivate) is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals. 7.*_________ (cycle) of rubbish costs money and requires special equipment. 8.*The ________ (good) you bought on the Internet will be delivered within ten days. 9.The city of Hangzhou is really an __________ (impress) place.Especially the famous West Lake always leaves quite an _________ (impress) on the visitors.I was strongly __________ (impress) by its beauty the first time I saw it. 10.*I always dream of having a house __________ (surround) by trees and flowers.If we can live in such beautiful __________ (surround)，the __________ (surround) things will have a great effect on our mood.

　　motivation Recycling goods impressive impression impressed surrounded surroundings surrounding 三、开心词场 The guide is impressed by the citizens’ optimism about the surroundings and ecology here.The problem of recycling

　　has been settled.Several years ago，some people here were greedily to use the materials though the production was sped up constantly people here had to tolerate the polluted surroundings.

　　【联想·积累】 ?“早先，以前”家族 ①former adj.过去的，在前的，以前的；formerly adv.以前，从前 ②previous adj.先前的，以前的；previously adv.以前，事先 ③one-time adj.一度的，以前的 ④before adv.先前，从前 ⑤ago adv.以前 ⑥ever before以前 ?单复数意义不同的名词集锦 ①good 善行，利益；goods 货物 ②brain 脑髓；brains 脑力，智慧 ③custom 习惯，风俗；customs 海关，关税 ④instruction 教授；传授；instructions 用法说明；操作指南 ⑤look 脸色，看；looks 容貌 ⑥pain 痛苦；pains 辛苦，努力 ⑦sand 沙子；sands 沙滩 ⑧time 时间；times 时代 ?高频词链条 ①uncertain adj.不确切的；无把握的→certain adj.确信的；有把握的 ②adjustment n.调整；调节→adjust vt.调整；使适应 ③constant adj.时常发生的；连续不断的→constantly adv.不断地 ④instant n.瞬间；片刻 adj.立即的；立刻的→instantly adv.马上 ⑤settlement n.定居；解决→settle v.定居；解决 ⑥recycle vt.回收利用→cycle v.循环，骑自行车 ⑦motivate vt.作为……的动机，激发，诱发→motivation n.动力，动机 ⑧surroundings n.周围的事物；环境→surrounding adj.周围的→surround vt.围绕

　　Ⅱ.重点短语→识记·思考·运用 一、补全短语 1.sweep ________打扫；横扫 2.slide ________ (快捷而悄声地)移动；溜进 3.lose sight ________ 看不见 4.*be similar ________...与……相似 5.*be optimistic ________对……感到乐观 6.be back ________ one’s feet (困境后)恢复；完全复原 up into

　　of to about on 二、短语填空 1.(2024·陕西，25)Peter will ____________ his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month. 2.Before moving into his new apartment，Peter had it ____________. 3.They are broadening the main road ____________ the flow of traffic. 4.The boy ____________ his bedroom without being seen by his parents.

　　speed up；take up；sweep up；suffer from；slide into；lose sight of；be similar to；be back on one’s feet take up swept up to speed up slid into 5.After his operation，the old man __________________ again. 6.The child ____________ his mother in the supermarket，worried，crying bitterly. 7.*Their house，which ____________ ours，has a bigger garden. 8.Farmers ____________ drought or floods would get more payments. was back on his feet lost sight of is similar to suffering from 【联想·积累】 ?“be＋adj.＋about” 必备短语荟萃 ①be certain/sure about 确信 ②be disappointed about 对……感到失望 ③be nervous about 为……感到不安 ④be particular about 对……讲究 ⑤be serious about 对……认真 ⑥be worried about 为……担忧 ?“be＋adj.＋to”必备短语一览 ①be blind to 对……视而不见 ②be equal to 等于，能胜任 ③be familiar to 为(某人)所熟悉 ④ be harmful to 对……有害 ⑤be polite to 对……有礼貌 ⑥be similar to 与……相似 ⑦be friendly to对……友好 ⑧be rude to对……无礼

　　Ⅲ.经典句式→识记·思考·运用 1.①Well，now there’s a system ______________________________

　　______________________.

　　哦，现在有一套系统，能利用生态学原理来处理掉废弃物。

　　②This is the house ________________(我住的) two years ago.

　　③We will start at the point ________________(我们停下来).

　　where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology where I lived where we stopped 2.①Sue ________________ in her bedroom.

　　苏不敢在她的卧室里睡觉。

　　②She wanted the money badly，but she ________________(不敢要).

　　③________________(你敢告诉) him the news?

　　dared not sleep dared not ask for it Dare you tell 【联想·积累】 where引导定语从句 (1)where引导定语从句时，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前面有表示地点的先行词，where引导的从句修饰先行词。 (2)where还可以引导定语从句修饰抽象地点名词，如：point，stage，case，situation，condition，position，environment，activity，race，job，scene等。 Ⅳ.单元语法→识记·思考·运用 过去分词作状语和定语 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.________ (form) 25 years ago，the club is holding a party for past and present members next month. 2.Prices of daily goods ________ (buy) through the Internet can be lower than store prices. 3.This method，________ (try) in the area near Shanghai，resulted in a market rise in total production. 4.________ (send) to the hospital immediately，the ________ (wound) soldier was saved. 5.We are doing our ________ (write) exercises when he cleans the ________ (fall) leaves.

　　Formed bought tried Sent wounded written fallen 【学法·点拨】 过去分词(短语)作状语时表示的动作与谓语表示的动作或状态几乎是同时发生，或是先于谓语动词的动作发生，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。常表示时间，条件，原因，方式，伴随，让步等含义，相当于一个状语从句。 [单 词 点 睛] 1.instant adj.立即的，立刻的 n.[C] (一般用单数)瞬间，片刻；某一时刻

　　[教材原句]You place the metal band over your head，clear your mind，press the sending button，think your message and the next instant it’s sent.

　　你把金属带放在头上，整理思路，按下发送键，集中精神想着你要发送的信息，片刻功夫信息就发送出去了。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①________ an instant，he took off his coat and jumped into the water to save the boy.

　　他马上脱掉衣服跳进水里去救那个小孩。 ②Just ________ an instant I thought he was going to refuse.

　　我一时以为他要拒绝。

　　at that instant 当时，那一刻 for an instant 一会儿，片刻 in an instant＝instantly 立刻，马上 the instant＋从句＝instantly＋从句 一……就…… (用作连词，引导时间状语从句) ③[写作佳句]The moment I saw him I knew he was the man the police were looking for.

　　＝____________ I saw him I knew he was the man the police were looking for.

　　我一看见他就认出他正是警方在寻找的那个人。 答案　①In　②for　③Instantly/The instant (that) 特别提示：表示“一……就……”的结构还有：the minute，the moment，the second，as soon as，immediately，directly，hardly...when...，no sooner...than...等。

　　2.lack n.& vt.缺乏

　　[教材原句]Hit by a lack of fresh air，my head ached.

　　由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。 (1)a lack of...缺少…… for lack of...因缺少…… have no lack of...不缺乏…… (2)lack (for) sth 缺少某物 (3)lacking adj.短缺的；缺乏的 be lacking in 缺少 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Despite his lack ________ experience，he got the job.

　　他虽然经验不足，但还是获得了这份工作。 ②The plants died ________ lack of water.

　　这些植物因缺水而枯死。 ③[写作佳句] The green hand is short of practical experience.

　　＝The green hand ________ practical experience.

　　＝ The green hand ________ practical experience.

　　这个新手缺乏实践经验。 答案　①of　②for　③is lacking in；lacks (for) 特别提示：lack作及物动词时不能用于被动语态；lack作不及物动词时，后常与介词for或in连用；lack作名词时后常与介词of连用。

　　3.tolerate vt.容忍；忍受

　　[教材原句]At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.

　　一开始新的环境让我很难忍受。

　　tolerate (sb) doing sth容忍/忍受(某人)做某事 tolerance n.宽容；宽恕 tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She can’t tolerate ________ (treat) that way.

　　她不能容忍被那样对待。 ②(2024·湖南高考)When neighbors want to get along well with each other，they have to show their ________ (tolerate).

　　如果邻居间想要彼此融洽相处，他们必须展示他们的宽容。