2024年高考英语一轮复习讲练测：必修5.1《Great Scientists》（测）（解析版）

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　　（测）-2024年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（解析版）

　　必修 5

　　Unit 1 Great Scientists

　　单元检测卷（时间50分钟；满分100分）

　　班级_________________姓名_____________考号_________________得分_______________________

　　I 语言知识及应用 (共两节，满分45分)

　　第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分,满分30分）

　　阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

　　I was at the post office early that morning, hoping to be in and out in a short while. Yet, I

　　___

　　myself standing in a queue that went all the way into the hallway. I had never seen so many people there on a weekday. It seemed someone might have made an announcement, welcoming customers to carry as many

　　as they could and bring them in when I needed to have my own package

　　3 __. The queue moved very slowly. My patience ran out and I got

　　4__ .The longer it took, the angrier I became. When I got to the counter finally, I finished my

　　5__ quickly and briefly, and then walked past the queue that was now extending past the front door.

　　“Excuse me,” I said, trying not to be too pushy. Several people had to move

　　6__ to make room for me to get to the

　　I stepped out, complaining about the

　　conditions. Thinking I was going to be late for my dentist appointment, I headed into the parking lot．

　　A woman was coming across the lot in my

　　. She was walking with determination, and each step sounded very heavy. I

　　that she looked as if she could breathe fire. It stopped me in my tracks. I

　　myself and it wasn't pretty．Had I looked like that? Her body language said that she was having a

　　day. My anger melted away．I wished I could wrap her in a hug but I was a

　　. So I did what I could in a minute

　　she hurried past me---I smiled. In a second everything changed. She was astonished, then somewhat

　　. Then her face softened and her shoulders

　　. I saw her take a deep breath．Her pace slowed and she smiled back at me as we passed each other．

　　I continued to smile all the way to my

　　. Wow, it's amazing what a simple smile can do.

　　From then on, I became aware of people’s

　　and my own, the way we show our feelings. Now I use that

　　every day to let it

　　me that when facing the world, I can try a smile.

　　1．A．found

　　B．helped

　　C．troubled

　　D．enjoyed

　　．A．things

　　B．packages

　　C．chances

　　D．dollars

　　．A．lifted

　　B．cashed

　　C．weighed

　　D．carried

　　．A．pleased

　　B．disappointed

　　C．delighted

　　D．annoyed

　　．A．business

　　B．choice

　　C．situation

　　D．attitude

　　．A．away

　　B．about

　　C．along

　　D．aside

　　．A．counter

　　B．cashier

　　C．exit

　　D．entrance

　　．A．weather

　　B．service

　　C．work

　　D．shopping

　　．A．satisfaction

　　B．decision

　　C．direction

　　D．imagination

　　．A．announced

　　B．discovered

　　C．proved

　　D．noticed

　　．A．trusted

　　B．recognized

　　C．hid

　　D．persuaded

　　．A．rough

　　B．bright

　　C．big

　　D．nice

　　．A．gentleman

　　B．stranger

　　C．customer

　　D．passenger

　　．A．until

　　B．though

　　C．before

　　D．since

　　．A．attracted

　　B．frightened

　　C．cheered

　　D．confused

　　．A．trembled

　　B．raised

　　C．relaxed

　　D．tightened

　　．A．car

　　B．office

　　C．home

　　D．doctor

　　．A．appearances

　　B．reactions

　　C．judgments

　　D．expressions

　　．A．treatment

　　B．awareness

　　C．conclusion

　　D．achievement

　　．A．remind

　　B．show

　　C．give

　　D．tell

　　．B考查名词：A．things事情，B．packages包裹，C．chances机会，D．dollars美元，when I needed to have my own package??????.可知是邮局鼓励顾客尽可能多的带来包裹，选B ．C考查动词：A．lifted举起，B．cashed支付，C．weighed称重量，D．carried携带，had my package weighed请人称包裹，选C ．D考查形容词：A．pleased高兴的，B．disappointed失望的，C．delighted高兴的，D．annoyed生气的，从后面的句子：The longer it took,? the angrier I became．可知作者失去耐心很生气，选D ．A考查名词：A．business生意，交易，B．choice选择，C．situation形势，D．attitude态度，很快的结束我的交易，选A ．D考查副词：A．away离开，B．about关于，C．along沿着，D．aside一旁，从后面的 make room for me to可知几个人让到一边，给作者腾出空间，选D ．C考查名词：A．counter柜台，B．cashier收银台，C．exit出口，D．entrance入口，这些人让出地方是让作者出去，选C ．B考查名词：A．weather天气，B．service服务，C．work工作，D．shopping商店，作者抱怨服务条件，选B ．C考查名词：A．satisfaction满意，B．decision决定，C．direction方向，D．imagination想象，选in one’s direction朝着某人的方向，选C ．D考查动词：A．announced宣称，B．discovered发现，C．proved证明，D．noticed通知，注意到，我注意到这个妇女好像很愤怒，选D ．B考查动词：A．trusted信任，B．recognized承认，C．hid躲避，D．persuaded说服，从后面的句子：Had I looked like that? Her body language said that she was having a _??????day．可知作者是在自我认识，选B ．A考查形容词：A．rough粗鲁的，B．bright聪明的，C．big大的，D．nice好的，从前面的句子：that she looked as if she could breathe fire．可知这个妇女一天都不顺利，选A ．B考查名词：A．gentleman绅士，B．stranger陌生人，C．customer顾客，D．passenger乘客，作者希望能拥抱这个妇女，但是自己是陌生人，选B ．A考查名词：A．car汽车，B．office办公室，C．home家，D．doctor医生，从前面的句子：Thinking I was going to be late for my dentist appointment, I headed into the parking lot．可知作者是去停车场拿车的，选A 【名师点睛】

　　1.近几年来状语从句和宾语从句的引导词在完形填空中频繁地考查，比如第54小题C考查连词：A．until直到，B．though虽然， C．before在...前面，D．since自从，在她从我旁边走过之前我做了我能做的，选C

　　2.结合上、下文，注意构词。比如第58小题D考查名词：A．appearances外貌，出现，B．reactions反应，C．behaviors行为，D．expressions表情，从后面的句子：and my own, the way we show our feelings．可知作者开始注意人们的表情，选D。59小题B考查名词：A．treatment对待，B．awareness意识，C．conclusion结论，D．achievement成就，从前面的句子：I became aware of people's??????and my own,可知填aware的名词，选B

　　考点：考查故事类阅读第二节语法填空 (共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)

　　One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about

　　(be) late for school.

　　There were many people waiting

　　the bus stop, and some of them

　　(look)very anxious

　　disappointed . when the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next 25_____ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike 26____ (catch ) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused

　　27____(stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept 28_____(ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked,“29____anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It ‘s 30___ (I )”. She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully, Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers suddenly became friendly to one another.

　　【解析】

　　试题分析：在一个寒冷的冬天，大家都在等车，大家都上车了之后，一个男孩子追着车把一个乘客掉落的东西给他，大家都感到了人性的温暖。

　　21.being考查非谓语动词。about是介词，后面的动词要用名词形式，所以应该用being，用being。

　　2.at 考查介词。At the bus stop在公共汽车站，用at 。

　　3.looked 考查动词。本文讲述的过去的事情，用过去时，用looked 。

　　4.and考查连词。anxious 与 disappointed .之间是并列关系，用and。

　　5.to考查介词。与next搭配的介词是to，next?to意思为：贴近；紧挨着，用to。

　　6.caught考查动词时态。全文是以one morning为主线，所以应该用一般过去式，catch为不规则动词，其过去式为caught，用caught。

　　考点：考查动词、介词、连词、代词等

　　II阅读 (共两节，满分30分)

　　第一节阅读理解 (共1小题；每小题2分，满分20分)

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

　　AMy 16-year-old son, Anton, had gone to the local swimming hole. Most of the kids swim there, and there are plenty of rocks for them to use as safe harbors, so I had no fears for his safety.

　　Still, the firefighter's first words "You need to come up here to the Stillwater River" made me catch my breath, and his follow-up words gave me relief: “ Your son is OK. ”

　　When I got to the river, I immediately saw the firetruck, ambulance and Anton, wrapped with a towel about his shoulders, sitting quietly on a low platform of the fire engine.

　　I hurried over to him. "You OK?" I asked.

　　“Yeah,” was all he said. But my eyes begged for an explanation, I didn't get it from my son, however, who tends to play his cards close to his vest.

　　The story was this: A woman was being swept under water. Hearing the cries, Anton and his friend Tyler, without hesitation, swam out to her, and brought her safely to shore.

　　In an age in which the word "hero" is broadcast with abandon and seemingly applied to anyone who make it through the day, I realized the real thing in my son. The teens are stubborn and self-centred, but that didn't mean they have no desire to do good.

　　Still shocked by my son's daring, I drove him home. Along the way, I tried to dig out some more information from him, but he had precious little to say. The only words he said were, “What's for supper?”

　　I spent some time alone that evening, thinking about the tragedy that might have been. The next morning, when Anton got up, I half expected him to tell me the story. But all he did was toast some bread, pull himself together, and head for the door to start a new day. Watching from the window, I was reminded that still water often runs deep.

　　31.Why did the mother allow her son to swim there?

　　A. He was an excellent swimmer.

　　B. The water of the river is shallow.

　　C. He was old enough to swim.

　　D. The rocks can be of help if there's danger.

　　32.The underlined part "who tends to play his cards close to his vest" probably means________.

　　A. Anton is a boy fond of swimming with other kids

　　B. Anton is unwilling to tell others what he thinks

　　C. Anton always has a desire to help others

　　D. Anton seldom changes his mind

　　33.In the mother's eyes, what her son did was_________.

　　A. dangerous but interesting

　　B. meaningful but difficult

　　C. unexpected and courageous D. awful and absurd

　　34.What might be the best title for the passage?

　　A. My Son, My Hero

　　B. Anton, A Silent Boy

　　C. A Good Deed

　　D. A Proud Mother

　　【解析】

　　试题分析：文章讲述了一个16岁的少年在游泳时勇救落水女子的英雄事迹。作者为自己儿子的勇敢行为感到自豪，她认为现在的年轻人也有做好事的意愿。

　　31.D细节理解题。根据第一段最后“and there are plenty of rocks for them to use as safe harbors, so I had no fears for his safety”可知，那里有很多岩石，可以用作安全的港湾，因此作者不担心孩子在那里游泳时的安全问题，故选D。

　　32.B推理判断题。根据““Yeah,” was all he said...I didn't get it from my son”可知，作者儿子的回答很简短，仅有一个词“Yeah”，说明他不愿告诉作者详情。划线句的意思是把牌捂在胸口，这样做事防止他人偷看自己的牌，在此意译为不愿他人窥视自己的内心，故选B。

　　The Cuban iguana is a species of lizard（蜥蜴） of the iguana family. It is the largest of the West Indian rock iguanas, one of the most endangered groups of lizards. This species with red eyes and a thick tail is one of the largest lizards in the Caribbean.

　　The Cuban iguana is primarily herbivorous; 95% of its diet consists of the leaves, flowers and fruits from as many as 30 plant species, including the seaside rock bush and various grasses. However, Cuban iguanas occasionally consume animal matter, and individuals have been observed eating the dead flesh of birds, fish and crabs. The researchers wrote that quite a few people on Isla Magueyes could have caused this incident.

　　The Cuban iguana is distributed throughout the rocky southern coastal areas of mainland Cuba and its surrounding islands with a wild population booming on Isla Magueyes, Puerto Rico. It is also found on the Cayman Islands of Little Cayman and Cayman Brac, where a separate subspecies occurs. Females guard their nest sites and often nest in sites half destroyed by Cuban crocodiles. To avoid the attack from them, the Cuban iguana often makes its home within or near prickly-pear cacti（仙人掌）.

　　In general the species is in decline, more quickly on the mainland than on the outlying islands. One of the reasons for their decline is habitat destruction caused by the over consuming of farm animals, housing development, and the building of tourist resorts on the beaches where the animals prefer to build their nests. Although the wild population is in decline, the numbers of iguanas have been sharply increased as a result of captive-breeding（圈养）and other conservation programs.

　　35.The underlined word "herbivorous" （Paragraph 2） probably means

　　A. dangerous

　　B. gentle

　　C. plant-eating

　　D. flesh-eating

　　36.Why does the Cuban iguana build its nest near prickly-pear cacti?

　　A. To keep itself cool.

　　B. To get the food easily.

　　C. To stay away from people.

　　D. To avoid crocodiles' attack.

　　37.How many reasons are mentioned for the habitat destruction?

　　A. Two.

　　B. Three.

　　C. Four.

　　D. Five.

　　38.What's the author's purpose of writing the text?

　　A. To give us a brief introduction to the Cuban iguana.

　　B. To show he is concerned about the Cuban iguana.

　　C. To explain reasons for the Cuban iguana's decline.

　　D. To draw people's attention to the endangered Cuban iguana.

　　36.D细节理解题。根据第三段“by Cuban crocodiles. To avoid the attack from them, the Cuban iguana often makes its home within or near prickly-pear cacti”可知，蓝鬣蜥在在仙人掌里或仙人掌附件筑巢是为了避开鳄鱼的袭击，故选D。

　　37.B细节理解题。根据最后一段“caused by the over consuming of farm animals, housing development, and the building of tourist resorts on the beaches”可知，导致栖息地遭到破坏的原因有三个，故选B。

　　38.A根据第一段“The Cuban iguana is a species of lizard（蜥蜴） of the iguana family. It is the largest ofThis species with red eyes...”第二段“The Cuban iguana is primarily herbivorous;”和第三段“The Cuban iguana is distributed throughout the rocky...”及最后一段“In general the species is in decline...”可知，文章主要介绍了古巴蓝鬣蜥的情况，包括它的外形、生活习性、分布、现存状况等，作者只是提到蓝鬣蜥的数量在下降，而未提到其正在濒临灭绝，故选A。