Unit 2　The United Kingdom

　　(60分钟79分)

　　Part A

　　一、阅读理解(共7小题;每小题2分,满分14分)

　　A

　　Monthly talks at London Canal Museum

　　Our monthly talks start at 1930 on the first Thursday of each month except August.Admission is at normal charges and you don’t need to book.They end around 21∶00.

　　November 7th?

　　The Canal Pioneers,by Chris Lewis.James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers.He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building.Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”.

　　December 5th?

　　Ice for the Metropolis,by Malcolm Tucker.Well before the arrival of freezers,there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering.Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells,and how London’s ice trade grew.

　　February 6th?

　　An Update on the Cotswold Canals,by Liz Payne.The Stroudwater Canal is moving towards reopening.The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer.We will have a report on the present state of play.

　　March 6th?

　　Eyots and Aits—Thames Islands,by Miranda Vickers.The Thames has many islands.Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them.She will tell us about those of greatest interest.

　　Online bookings:www.canalmuseum.org.uk/book

　　More info:www.canalmuseum.org.uk/whatson

　　London Canal Museum

　　12-13 New Wharf Road,London NI 9RT

　　www.canalmuseum.org.uk　www.canalmuseum.mobi

　　Tel:020 7713 0836

　　(2024·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)

　　1.When is the talk on James Brindley?

　　A.February 6th. B.March 6th.

　　C.November 7th. D.December 5th.

　　2.What is the topic of the talk in February?

　　A.The Canal Pioneers.

　　B.Ice for the Metropolis.

　　C.Eyots and Aits—Thames Islands.

　　D.An Update on the Cotswold Canals.

　　3.Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames?

　　A.Miranda Vickers. B.Malcolm Tucker.

　　C.Chris Lewis. D.Liz Payne.

　　【文章大意】本文是应用文。本文主要介绍了每个月在伦敦运河博物馆举办的几个讲座,包括讲座的时间和内容等。

　　1.C　细节理解题。根据 November 7th中的“James Brindley is recognized as one of the...He was also a major player...”可知,关于James Brindley的讲座是在11月7日举办。?

　　2.D　细节理解题。根据 February 6th中的内容可知,在2月6日要举办的是以“An Update on the Cotswold Canals”为主题的讲座。?

　　3.A　细节理解题。根据 March 6th中的“Eyots and Aits—Thames Islands,by Miranda Vickers.”可知答案为A项。?

　　B

　　Ladies,if you want a man at your feet,wear high heels.Research shows that men are more likely to help a woman wearing heels than one in flats.

　　This assistance ranges from taking part in a survey,to chasing after a woman who has dropped a glove.French researcher Nicholas Guéguen said:“Women’s shoe heel size exerts a powerful influence on men’s behavior.” Professor Guéguen first showed that men were much more likely to agree to fill in a questionnaire when stopped in the street by a woman in heels.When the women doing the survey were in flats,just 25 of the 60 men took part.A two-inch heel made them more amenable,with 36 out of the 60 that were approached agreeing to answer the woman’s questions.But when the heels rose to almost four inches,the number of male volunteers rose to 49 out of 60,or as Professor Guéguen put it:“Men responded more favorably to the survey request as soon as the length of her heels increased.” Tellingly,heel height had no effect on women’s possibility of agreeing to do the survey.

　　In another experiment,men were almost twice as likely to return a glove to a woman if she was in high heels.Some 56 out of 60 men stopped or chased after a female who dropped a glove while walking ahead of them in four-inch heels.?

　　The professor,from the University of South Brittany,said that one possibility is that men may see offering help as a non-threatening way of making contact with an attractive female.

　　1.What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?

　　A.To advise women to wear high heels.

　　B.To show the topic of the passage.

　　C.To tell men that women like to wear high heels.

　　D.To tell readers there are more women in high heels than in flats.

　　2.How many experiments are mentioned in the passage?

　　A.One. B.Two.

　　C.Three. D.Four.

　　3.According to the second paragraph,we can infer that.?

　　A.the higher the heels,the more willing the men were to help

　　B.more than 60 men participated in the experiment

　　C.high heels also attracted women to help do the survey

　　D.women in 4-inch heels are the most attractive

　　4.What will the author write next?

　　A.Why do women like wearing high heels?

　　B.The advantages and disadvantages of wearing high heels.

　　C.Some other possible reasons why men like helping women in high heels.

　　D.Some other experiments.

　　【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。调查研究表明,男人更愿意帮助穿高跟鞋的女性。

　　1.B　目的意图题。第一段提到,调查显示男人们更愿意对穿高跟鞋的女人伸出援手,这正是文章的主题。故选B项。

　　2.B　细节理解题。第二段第一句提到,帮助女性的形式包括:参与调查问卷和追上去归还女人落下的手套。这就是文中提到的两个实验,选择B项。

　　3.A　推理判断题。根据第二段提到的调查数据以及盖根教授所说的“男性同意接受问卷调查的速度随鞋跟的增高而加快”可知,A项符合文意。

　　4.C　推理判断题。最后一段提到了一个原因:男性可能把伸出援手视为与魅力女性接触的一种平和的方式。据此可推知下面会谈到其他原因。

　　二、语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)

　　Nowadays the cost of a new car has fallen in real terms so that it is 1.(cheap) than ever to own one,and better road conditions have also attracted more drivers.The result is overcrowding on the road system,2. is one of the problems the local governments are faced with.?

　　When people travel to other towns,the problem might be relieved by getting them to park outside the town.Buses could be provided to take them into the centre.These Park and Ride projects are 3.(increasing) popular in the UK.At Southerton,for example,a council-funded project 4.(lead) to a 15% drop in city centre traffic over five months last year.?

　　Making car driving expensive is 5. way of encouraging people to use their cars less.Road taxes tend to mean that people use their cars less.6.(fine) drivers who are in areas where cars have been banned can also tend to encourage them to leave their cars behind.?

　　7.,one thing has to be got right for any solution to succeed.If we expect people to give up 8. habit of driving,we must give them an alternative they can rely on.Constant delays,unannounced changes to the timetable and 9.(suddenly) cancellations all discourage people from using public transport.People will only see it as a real 10.(choose) if the buses and trains are on time.?

　　1.cheaper。由than ever可知,应使用cheap的比较级形式。

　　2.which。此处应用which引导非限制性定语从句,overcrowding为先行词,which在从句中作主语。

　　3.increasingly。popular为形容词,应被副词increasingly修饰。increasingly意为“越来越多地,不断增加地”。

　　4.led。句末的时间状语last year表明应用一般过去时,故填lead的过去式led。

　　5.another。第二段介绍了一种解决交通拥堵问题的方法,第三段介绍了另外一种方法,another符合语境。

　　6.Fining。此处应用动名词短语作主语,故填fining。

　　7.However。前两段阐述了解决交通拥堵问题的措施,本段介绍了当今交通管理方面存在的不足及配套改进措施,再根据空后的“one thing has to be got right...”可知,应填写表示转折的副词however。

　　8.the。此处特指“驾车”的习惯,故用定冠词the。

　　9.sudden。此处应用作定语修饰名词cancellations。

　　10.choice。由“see it as”可判定此处与“it”对应,故用choose的名词形式choice。

　　Part B

　　一、完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)

　　I have been driving for over 30 years,but I can still remember what happened that day when I drove a car for the first time.My mom had driven our big Plymouth to a 　1　 and deserted back road and 　2　 it.It was a one-way road and had a 　3　 built with river rocks along the side of it,but Mom knew there was little 　4　 of meeting any traffic on it that day.With a smile,she gave me the key and 　5　 seats with me.And then she told me to 　6　 the car,to put it into drive and to 　7　 push on the gas pedal.?

　　In spite of excitement,I 　8　 what gently meant.After I pushed on the gas pedal,the car sped 　9　.Before I could turn the 　10　,I heard the scratch of metal against the stone wall.I 　11　 the car and looked over at Mom.Her face was 　12　 and her hands were trembling.Slowly,she opened her door and began checking the car.Then she walked 　13　 around the car to the driver’s side door.I kept waiting for her to 　14　 at me but she just 　15　 and said,“Well,that’s enough for today.We’ll try again tomorrow.”?

　　As I 　16　 that day,I am amazed at the 　17　 amount of kindness,love and 　18　 my mom showed me.In the years that followed,I messed up many times in many ways.Often I didn’t feel worthy to be 　19　,but each time I could feel Mom’s gentle voice,“We’ll try again tomorrow.” When we fall today,don’t stay 　20　.Rise up and be ready to try again tomorrow.?

　　1.A.steep B.narrow

　　C.crowded D.loose

　　2.A.unloaded B.equipped

　　C.repaired D.parked

　　3.A.wall B.fence

　　C.pole D.bridge

　　4.A.choice B.challenge

　　C.chance D.task

　　5.A.took B.booked

　　C.switched D.adjusted

　　6.A.wash B.start

　　C.wipe D.push

　　7.A.quickly B.heavily

　　C.urgently D.gently

　　8.A.understood B.miscalculated

　　C.guessed D.questioned

　　9.A.forward B.upward

　　C.backward D.downward

　　10.A.door B.key

　　C.wheel D.mirror

　　11.A.sped B.tested

　　C.moved D.stopped

　　12.A.pale B.rough

　　C.calm D.tired

　　13.A.angrily B.quietly

　　C.casually D.bravely

　　14.A.whisper B.glare

　　C.shout D.cry

　　15.A.apologized B.blamed

　　C.complained D.sighed

　　16.A.look back on B.make up for

　　C.look forward to D.put up with

　　17.A.small B.huge

　　C.equal D.concrete

　　18.A.courage B.ability

　　C.patience D.doubt

　　19.A.forgiven B.praised

　　C.motivated D.ignored

　　20.A.up B.away

　　C.aside D.down

　　【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过描述自己跟母亲学习开车的经历告诉我们:人的一生会无数次跌倒,不管是从头再来还是勇往直前,都需要先坚强地站起来。

　　1.B　由下文中的“deserted back road”和“one-way road”可知,这是一条已经荒废、偏僻的单行道,应该非常“狭窄”,故选择B项。steep“陡峭的”;crowded“拥挤的”;loose“宽松的”。

　　2.D　由下文“With a smile,she gave me the key...”可知,母亲停下了汽车。unload“卸载”;equip“安装”;repair“修理”;park“停车”。

　　3.A　由第二段第三句“...I heard the scratch of metal against the stone wall.”可知,路边上有一道用河中的岩石建造的石墙,A项符合语境。

　　4.C　由上文对路况的描述可知,在这条路上碰见其他车辆的概率很小。chance在此意为“可能性,可能”。

　　5.C　句意:母亲微笑着交给我钥匙,并与我调换了座位。switch“调换,交换”;book“预订(房间、车票等)”;adjust“调整,校准”。C项符合语境。

　　6.B　由“to put it into drive and to 　7　 push on the gas pedal”及下文内容可看出,母亲让“我”启动汽车。start在此为“启动,开动”之意。?

　　7.D　由下段首句“...what gently meant.”可知,答案为D项。

　　8.B　从下文内容看,作者并没有轻轻地踩踏加速器,可见误解了“gently”的真正含义。miscalculate“错误估计,错误判断”符合语境。

　　9.A　根据常识,启动后的汽车只能是加速向前。forward“向前地”;upward“向上地”;backward“向后”;downward“向下”。

　　10.C　句意:我还没来得及转动方向盘,就听到了金属在石墙上的刮擦声。wheel在此意为“方向盘”。

　　11.D　由“looked over at Mom”来判断,作者已经把车停下了,故选D项。

　　12.A　由“her hands were trembling”可知,母亲被吓得面色“苍白”(pale),A项符合语境。

　　13.B　由“Slowly”及下文内容来看,母亲表现得非常“平静”(quietly),B项符合语境。A项“气愤地”;C项“随意地”;D项“勇敢地”。

　　14.C　作者学开车闯了祸,很显然在等待母亲的呵斥,应选C项。whisper at“对……私语,小声说”;glare at“怒视”;shout at“对……大喊,呵斥”;cry at“对……哭喊”。

　　15.D　由最后一段“but each time I could feel Mom’s gentle voice...”可看出,母亲并没有责备或埋怨作者,母亲也不应该道歉,所以应选择D项。sigh意为“叹气,叹息”,表示一种无奈、伤心或失望的状态。

　　16.A　look back on“回顾,回忆”;make up for“弥补”;look forward to“盼望,期待”;put up with“容忍,忍受”。此处表示“回忆起那天”,A项符合语境。

　　17.B　句意:当我回忆那天发生的事情的时候,母亲表现出的极大的仁慈、爱心和耐心,都令我感到吃惊。a huge amount of“大量的”。equal“平等的”;concrete“具体的”。

　　18.C　母亲并未责备闯祸的作者,而是温柔地说“明天再试”,自然是很有耐心(patience)。C项符合语境。

　　19.A　由最后一段第一句中的“I am amazed”可推知,作者常常感到自己不值得“被原谅”,A项符合语境。forgive“宽恕,原谅”;praise“称赞,表扬”;motivate“激发,激励”;ignore“忽略,忽视”。

　　20.D　由空前的stay可知,此处应选择与fall含义相近的词,D项down在此意为“倒下的,情绪低落的”,符合语境。

　　二、七选五阅读填空(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)

　　Every one of us knows this feeling:we have a lot of work to do but a momentary feeling of laziness.　1　 This is either because we lack the inspiration or are not encouraged enough to start working.?

　　2　 It often leads to the worsening of one’s relationships at work and affects work performance,which can result into job loss and extra stress.?

　　How to overcome laziness?Here are some tips for overcoming it.

　　3　 An effective trick that helps you fight laziness effective is to start with the simple things first.That will slowly but surely break your inner resistance.?