考点·考向·考法 综合练(十五)

　　限时：30分钟　阅读(2篇)＋短文改错(2篇)

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　A

　　(2024·湖南省湖中名校联考)Long-time exposure to air pollution can lead to physical changes in the brain and cause trouble in learning and memory, and even anxiety. This is suggested by the results of new research on mice.

　　While other studies

　　have shown the harmful effects of polluted air on the lungs and heart, this is the first to show the negative effect on the brain.

　　The team of Laura Fonken, Randy Nelson, from the Ohio State University, U．S.A., has spread to the brain a previous line of research which found that fine particulate (微粒) matter floating in the air mainly because of air pollution caused by humans, causes swelling in much of the body, and may be related to high blood pressure problems, and some other diseases.

　　In the research Fonken and his colleagues exposed mice to polluted air for six hours each day, five days a week, over a period of 10 months, almost half the average life length of mice.

　　Polluted air contains fine particles created by cars, factories and natural dust. Fine particles of this kind are tiny, about 2.5 micrometers in diameter, or about one-thirtieth the width of a human hair.

　　These particles can go deep into lungs and other organs.

　　The concentration of this particulate material to which they exposed mice is equal to the concentration at which people can be exposed in some polluted urban areas.

　　After a period of 10 months, the researchers got the animals to have a series of behavioral tests. Both the behavior of mice and the results of neurological (神经的) tests done to them show that those within the polluted air had more problems in learning and memory, and higher levels of anxiety.

　　The results suggest that long-time exposure to polluted air can have measurable negative effects on the human brain and can cause a variety of mental health problems. This could have important consequences for those living and working in polluted urban areas.

　　1．What harmful effect of polluted air is mentioned in other studies?

　　A．The harmful effect on learning.

　　B．The harmful effect on all the organs.

　　C．The harmful effect on lungs and heart.

　　D．The harmful effect on improving memory.

　　2．The bad effects of tiny particles in polluted air are those EXCEPT ________．

　　A．high

　　blood pressure problems

　　B．making human hair thinner

　　C．different kinds of diseases

　　D．swelling in much of the body

　　3．From the last sentence we can infer that people living in polluted urban areas ________．

　　A．are likely to suffer from mental problems

　　B．can measure the negative effect on them

　　C．show little concern for air pollution

　　D．can be exposed to polluted air longer

　　4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

　　A．Long-time Exposure to Air Pollution

　　B．Evidence and Concern of Air Pollution

　　C．Measurable Effect on Human Brain

　　D．Mental Problems Caused by Air Pollution

　　B

　　The Tropical Paradise Holiday

　　Welcome to St Anna, our tropical paradise just off the coast of Latin America. You can spend two weeks in our luxury four-star hotel. The cost of your flight is included in the holiday, and you can be picked up from your home by our special airport bus. On your arriving, our coach will be waiting to take you to the hotel. All flights leave from Heathrow on a Monday morning.

　　The Cowrie Hotel is built right on the beachfront, and many rooms have wonderful ocean views. If swimming and surfing are not enough for you, the hotel also offers horse rides on the island, and a discount membership of the golf club.

　　The Rain Forest Adventure Holiday

　　Every year Broughton holidays offer twelve days of unforgettable adventure in a tropical rain forest. You may have a choice of Borneo, Malaysia, Indonesia, or even to the greatest rain forest of them all, the mighty Amazonian forest.

　　You will fly to our special base camps at the edge of the forest, where you will be given five days of survival training, and talks on the local wildlife.

　　Then you take a bus into the forest. You will have to walk the final five miles to the camp sites to avoid disturbing the local ecology. All of the camp sites have been carefully built to cause the minimal amount of disturbance to the local wildlife.

　　Remember that these adventure holidays take you deep into the wilderness, and they are not suitable for families with young children. Also remember that no more than two dozen guests can stay at any camp at one time, so if you want to go on one of these very special holidays, you will need to book early!

　　5．Choosing the Tropical Paradise Holiday, travelers can enjoy ________．

　　A．a welcome party

　　B．beautiful ocean views

　　C．different indoor activities

　　D．free membership of the golf club

　　6．What can we learn about the rain forest holiday?

　　A．Travelers will learn to talk with wild animals.

　　B．Different means of transportation will be used.

　　C．The holiday will end with a survival training.

　　D．Booking early, travelers will get a discount.

　　7．What kind of people will probably choose the rain forest holiday?

　　A．People loving water sports.

　　B．People travelling with children.

　　C．People preferring comfortable hotels.

　　D．People concerned with environment and wildlife.

　　8．Which of the following is mentioned in both holidays?

　　A．Transportation.

　　　 B．Price.

　　C．Reservation.

　　D．Departure time.

　　Ⅱ.短文改错

　　A

　　One day, on my way home after school, I found out a bag lying on the road. I picked it up. There was many money and a business card in the bag. From the card I know something about an owner, including her phone number. I realized I could get in touch the owner. So I called the owner, told her about the matter. Then I waited at the bus stop. It was not long after the owner arrived, and I gave the bag to her. So exciting and thankful to me was the owner that she took out some money to reward me, and I politely refused it. Then I walked back home, feeling very happy and pride.

　　B

　　I am writing this letter to express my regret that I can't go to the Great Wall with you next weekend.It's really pity.I feel sorry for them and want you to know that happened.

　　Yesterday, my father, worked in the United States now, informed me that he would be back to home tomorrow.I was very happy when I heard the news.Father and I had not seen each other for two years, but I am really looking forward to this meeting.

　　I sincere hope that you can be able to think in my position and accept my apology.I would appreciate your allowing me to make another dates to go to the Great Wall.

　　Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience I have caused.

　　考点·考向·考法练(十五)

　?、?语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项最新的实验研究表明：长期暴露在污染的空气中会影响人们的大脑，引起各种各样的精神健康问题。

　　1．解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段可知其他研究已经表明，被污染的空气会对肺部和心脏产生有害的影响。故选C项。

　　2．解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段中“...causes swelling in much of the body, and may be related to high blood pressure problems, and some other diseases.”可知，A、C、D三项都提及了，只有B项未提及。

　　3．解析：选A　推理判断题。由文章最后一句“This could have important consequences for those living and working in polluted urban areas.”可推知那些生活和工作在被污染的城市地区的人们很可能会遭受精神健康问题。故选A项。

　　4．解析：选D　标题归纳题。本文是围绕“长期暴露在污染的空气中会引起各种各样的精神健康问题”展开论述的，故选D项。

　　语篇解读：本文是广告文体阅读。文章主要介绍了两个假期旅游的好去处，介绍了旅游的方式和主要风景和活动等。

　　5．解析：选B　细节理解题。根据The Tropical Paradise Holiday部分中的第二段的“many rooms have wonderful ocean views”可知B项正确。A项文中未提及；根据该部分第二段中的“If swimming and surfing are not enough for you, the hotel also offers horse rides on the island, and a discount membership of the golf club.”可知，这些活动都是室外活动，而非室内活动；而且高尔夫也不是免费的，只是有折扣，故排除C、D两项。

　　6．解析：选B　推理判断题。根据The Rain Forest Adventure Holiday中的第二段和第三段中坐飞机、坐公交车和步行等判断选B。

　　7．解析：选D　推理判断题。根据The Rain Forest Adventure Holiday中的第三段的“You will have to walk the final five miles to the camp sites to avoid disturbing the local ecology. All of the camp sites have been carefully built to cause the minimal amount of disturbance to the local wildlife.”判断应该是关注环境和野生动物的人们会选择雨林旅游。故选D。

　　8．解析：选A　细节理解题。根据文章The Tropical Paradise Holiday部分和The Rain Forest Adventure Holiday都提到的是flight，即两段都提到交通方式。故选A。

　?、?A

　　第一句：去掉out

　　第三句：many→much

　　第四句：know→knew; an→the

　　第五句：touch后加with

　　第六句：told→telling或told前加and

　　第八句：after→before

　　第九句：exciting→excited; and→but

　　第十句：pride→proud

　　B

　　第二句：pity前加a

　　第三句：them→it; that→what

　　第四句：worked→working; 去掉to

　　第六句：had→have; but→so

　　第七句：sincere→sincerely; can→will

　　第八句：dates→date

　　考点·考向·考法 综合练(十五)

　　限时：30分钟　阅读(2篇)＋短文改错(2篇)

　?、?阅读理解

　　A

　　(2024·湖南省湖中名校联考)Long-time exposure to air pollution can lead to physical changes in the brain and cause trouble in learning and memory, and even anxiety. This is suggested by the results of new research on mice.

　　While other studies

　　have shown the harmful effects of polluted air on the lungs and heart, this is the first to show the negative effect on the brain.

　　The team of Laura Fonken, Randy Nelson, from the Ohio State University, U．S.A., has spread to the brain a previous line of research which found that fine particulate (微粒) matter floating in the air mainly because of air pollution caused by humans, causes swelling in much of the body, and may be related to high blood pressure problems, and some other diseases.

　　In the research Fonken and his colleagues exposed mice to polluted air for six hours each day, five days a week, over a period of 10 months, almost half the average life length of mice.

　　Polluted air contains fine particles created by cars, factories and natural dust. Fine particles of this kind are tiny, about 2.5 micrometers in diameter, or about one-thirtieth the width of a human hair.

　　These particles can go deep into lungs and other organs.

　　The concentration of this particulate material to which they exposed mice is equal to the concentration at which people can be exposed in some polluted urban areas.

　　After a period of 10 months, the researchers got the animals to have a series of behavioral tests. Both the behavior of mice and the results of neurological (神经的) tests done to them show that those within the polluted air had more problems in learning and memory, and higher levels of anxiety.

　　The results suggest that long-time exposure to polluted air can have measurable negative effects on the human brain and can cause a variety of mental health problems. This could have important consequences for those living and working in polluted urban areas.

　　1．What harmful effect of polluted air is mentioned in other studies?

　　A．The harmful effect on learning.

　　B．The harmful effect on all the organs.

　　C．The harmful effect on lungs and heart.

　　D．The harmful effect on improving memory.

　　2．The bad effects of tiny particles in polluted air are those EXCEPT ________．

　　A．high

　　blood pressure problems

　　B．making human hair thinner

　　C．different kinds of diseases

　　D．swelling in much of the body

　　3．From the last sentence we can infer that people living in polluted urban areas ________．

　　A．are likely to suffer from mental problems

　　B．can measure the negative effect on them

　　C．show little concern for air pollution

　　D．can be exposed to polluted air longer

　　4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

　　A．Long-time Exposure to Air Pollution

　　B．Evidence and Concern of Air Pollution

　　C．Measurable Effect on Human Brain

　　D．Mental Problems Caused by Air Pollution

　　B

　　The Tropical Paradise Holiday

　　Welcome to St Anna, our tropical paradise just off the coast of Latin America. You can spend two weeks in our luxury four-star hotel. The cost of your flight is included in the holiday, and you can be picked up from your home by our special airport bus. On your arriving, our coach will be waiting to take you to the hotel. All flights leave from Heathrow on a Monday morning.

　　The Cowrie Hotel is built right on the beachfront, and many rooms have wonderful ocean views. If swimming and surfing are not enough for you, the hotel also offers horse rides on the island, and a discount membership of the golf club.

　　The Rain Forest Adventure Holiday

　　Every year Broughton holidays offer twelve days of unforgettable adventure in a tropical rain forest. You may have a choice of Borneo, Malaysia, Indonesia, or even to the greatest rain forest of them all, the mighty Amazonian forest.

　　You will fly to our special base camps at the edge of the forest, where you will be given five days of survival training, and talks on the local wildlife.

　　Then you take a bus into the forest. You will have to walk the final five miles to the camp sites to avoid disturbing the local ecology. All of the camp sites have been carefully built to cause the minimal amount of disturbance to the local wildlife.

　　Remember that these adventure holidays take you deep into the wilderness, and they are not suitable for families with young children. Also remember that no more than two dozen guests can stay at any camp at one time, so if you want to go on one of these very special holidays, you will need to book early!

　　5．Choosing the Tropical Paradise Holiday, travelers can enjoy ________．

　　A．a welcome party

　　B．beautiful ocean views

　　C．different indoor activities

　　D．free membership of the golf club

　　6．What can we learn about the rain forest holiday?

　　A．Travelers will learn to talk with wild animals.

　　B．Different means of transportation will be used.

　　C．The holiday will end with a survival training.

　　D．Booking early, travelers will get a discount.

　　7．What kind of people will probably choose the rain forest holiday?

　　A．People loving water sports.

　　B．People travelling with children.

　　C．People preferring comfortable hotels.

　　D．People concerned with environment and wildlife.

　　8．Which of the following is mentioned in both holidays?

　　A．Transportation.

　　　 B．Price.

　　C．Reservation.

　　D．Departure time.

　　Ⅱ.短文改错

　　A

　　One day, on my way home after school, I found out a bag lying on the road. I picked it up. There was many money and a business card in the bag. From the card I know something about an owner, including her phone number. I realized I could get in touch the owner. So I called the owner, told her about the matter. Then I waited at the bus stop. It was not long after the owner arrived, and I gave the bag to her. So exciting and thankful to me was the owner that she took out some money to reward me, and I politely refused it. Then I walked back home, feeling very happy and pride.

　　B

　　I am writing this letter to express my regret that I can't go to the Great Wall with you next weekend.It's really pity.I feel sorry for them and want you to know that happened.

　　Yesterday, my father, worked in the United States now, informed me that he would be back to home tomorrow.I was very happy when I heard the news.Father and I had not seen each other for two years, but I am really looking forward to this meeting.

　　I sincere hope that you can be able to think in my position and accept my apology.I would appreciate your allowing me to make another dates to go to the Great Wall.

　　Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience I have caused.

　　考点·考向·考法练(十五)

　　Ⅰ.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项最新的实验研究表明：长期暴露在污染的空气中会影响人们的大脑，引起各种各样的精神健康问题。

　　1．解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段可知其他研究已经表明，被污染的空气会对肺部和心脏产生有害的影响。故选C项。

　　2．解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段中“...causes swelling in much of the body, and may be related to high blood pressure problems, and some other diseases.”可知，A、C、D三项都提及了，只有B项未提及。

　　3．解析：选A　推理判断题。由文章最后一句“This could have important consequences for those living and working in polluted urban areas.”可推知那些生活和工作在被污染的城市地区的人们很可能会遭受精神健康问题。故选A项。

　　4．解析：选D　标题归纳题。本文是围绕“长期暴露在污染的空气中会引起各种各样的精神健康问题”展开论述的，故选D项。

　　语篇解读：本文是广告文体阅读。文章主要介绍了两个假期旅游的好去处，介绍了旅游的方式和主要风景和活动等。

　　5．解析：选B　细节理解题。根据The Tropical Paradise Holiday部分中的第二段的“many rooms have wonderful ocean views”可知B项正确。A项文中未提及；根据该部分第二段中的“If swimming and surfing are not enough for you, the hotel also offers horse rides on the island, and a discount membership of the golf club.”可知，这些活动都是室外活动，而非室内活动；而且高尔夫也不是免费的，只是有折扣，故排除C、D两项。

　　6．解析：选B　推理判断题。根据The Rain Forest Adventure Holiday中的第二段和第三段中坐飞机、坐公交车和步行等判断选B。

　　7．解析：选D　推理判断题。根据The Rain Forest Adventure Holiday中的第三段的“You will have to walk the final five miles to the camp sites to avoid disturbing the local ecology. All of the camp sites have been carefully built to cause the minimal amount of disturbance to the local wildlife.”判断应该是关注环境和野生动物的人们会选择雨林旅游。故选D。

　　8．解析：选A　细节理解题。根据文章The Tropical Paradise Holiday部分和The Rain Forest Adventure Holiday都提到的是flight，即两段都提到交通方式。故选A。

　?、?A

　　第一句：去掉out

　　第三句：many→much

　　第四句：know→knew; an→the

　　第五句：touch后加with

　　第六句：told→telling或told前加and

　　第八句：after→before

　　第九句：exciting→excited; and→but

　　第十句：pride→proud

　　B

　　第二句：pity前加a

　　第三句：them→it; that→what

　　第四句：worked→working; 去掉to

　　第六句：had→have; but→so

　　第七句：sincere→sincerely; can→will

　　第八句：dates→date