Unit 1　Great scientists

　　请从下列人物中选择你最喜欢的一位，用英语写一篇短文。要求根据所给信息做适当发挥，且需包括以下三部分内容：1.对该人物的简单介绍； 2.喜欢该人物的理由； 3.从该人物身上得到的启示。

　　Charlie Chaplin

　　Yuan Longping

　　Stephen Hawking

　　director, actor；

　　full of humour simple but great

　　man; determined theoretical physicist；

　　disabled, optimistic

　　Films:

　　Modern Times；

　　The Gold Rush hybrid rice Books ：

　　A Brief History of Time；

　　The Grand Design

　　　精彩美文　

　　My favourite scientist—Yuan Longping

　　Born in Beijing, Yuan Longping is a simple but great man. Famous scientist as he is, he regards himself as an ordinary farmer. Since he graduated from college, he has been determined to find a way to increase rice harvest. Finally, he succeeded in growing what is called super hybrid rice, making it possible for farmers to produce harvests twice as large as before.

　　Not only do his great achievements deserve my admiration, but his attitude towards life impresses me a lot. He cares little about being famous or spending money on himself. Furthermore, he is so unselfish that he is now circulating his knowledge in some less developed countries to help them.

　　As Dr Yuan proves, the secret to success is having a dream and the determination to realize it. I certainly have a dream, and from now on I will spare no effort to achieve it.

　　　名师点睛　

　　1．文章体裁：记叙文。

　　2．行文逻辑：介绍人物→喜欢原因→个人看法。

　　3．词汇短语：运用了较高级的词汇和短语。如：graduate from(毕业于)，be determined to (决心做)，furthermore(另外)，spare no effort to(不遗余力地做)等。

　　4．句式句法：运用了多样化的句式结构。如：①状语从句：Famous scientist as he is；②宾语从句：what is called super hybrid rice；③形式宾语结构：making it possible for farmers to produce harvests twice as large as before；④倒装句：Not only do his great achievements deserve my admiration等。

　　Ⅰ.单词荟萃

　　1．________ vt. & vi.结束；推断出→________ n．结论；结束

　　2．________ vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加→________ adj.集中精力的，认真的→________ n．注意力

　　3．________ vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光→________ n．暴露；揭露→________ adj.无遮蔽的；不挡风雨的

　　4．________ n．& vt.治愈；痊愈→________ adj.可以治愈的→________ adj.无法治愈的

　　5．________ n．挑战→________ vt. 向……挑战→________ n．挑战者→________ adj. 激励的；挑战的

　　6．________ vt. 怀疑→________ n．嫌疑犯→________ adj.怀疑的

　　7．________ vt.污染；弄脏→________ n. 污染→________ n．污染物质

　　8．________ vt.宣布；通告→________ n．通知→________ n．播音员；广播员

　　9．________ vt.命令；指示；教导→________ n. 命令；指示；教导→________ adj. 有指导意义的

　　10．________ vt. & vi.捐献；贡献；捐助→________ n. 贡献→________ n．捐献者

　　Ⅱ.短语检测

　　1．提出　______________________

　　2．得出结论

　　______________________

　　3．暴露在

　　______________________

　　4．把……和……联系起来

　　______________________

　　5．此外

　　______________________

　　6．对……严格的

　　______________________

　　7．有意义；讲得通

　　______________________

　　8．导致；通向

　　______________________

　　Ⅲ.佳句再现

　　1．So many thousands of terrified people died __________________ there was an outbreak.

　　所以每次暴发(霍乱)，数以千计的人们在恐惧中死去。

　　2．A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she had it ________________________ to her house every day.

　　有一位从宽街搬走的女士，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里。

　　3．…John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies ________________．

　　……约翰·斯诺建议所有的水源都要经过检测。

　　4．Only if you put the sun there __________ the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.

　　只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。

　　5．He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets ______________ it…

　　他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转……

　　6．It seemed that the water was ________________．

　　看来水是罪魁祸首。

　　Ⅳ.课文回顾

　　John Snow was a famous doctor in London. In his time cholera was the 1.________ (dead) disease. So John Snow made up his mind to help ordinary people 2.________ (expose) to cholera. At that time, no one knew its cause or cure. He knew it would never be controlled 3.________ its cause was found. He thought people 4.________(absorb) this disease

　　into their bodies with their meals. He tried to prove this. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he gathered information and made a map, 5.________ (mark) where all the dead people had lived. It was valuable. And finally he concluded that the water was 6.________ (blame). Then John Snow looked 7.________ the source of water. He found all the deaths were linked to the polluted water. So he was able to announce with 8.________ (certain) that the polluted water carried the virus. 9.________ (prevent) this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies 10.________ (examine) and new methods of dealing with polluted water be found. Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.

　　　单词点睛　

　　1 conclude　vt.& vi. (to infer on the basis of convincing evidence)推断出；(to finish or be over)结束

　　(1)conclude sth (from sth)　 (从某事)推断出某事

　　conclude…with/by doing…

　　以(做)……(来)结束

　　(2)come to/draw/reach a conclusion

　　得出结论

　　in conclusion

　　最后，总之

　　【活学活用】

　　(1)[2024·湖南卷·阅读B] We can conclude that the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel went on smoothly as intended.

　　我们可以得出这样的结论：特里蒙特酒店的移动工程进行得像预期一样顺利。

　　(2)Finally, I'd like to conclude ________ recommending a few changes in packaging.

　　最后，我想对包装变更提出一些建议，并以此结束我的发言。

　　(3)You might __________________ by careful observation that many of these things have already happened.

　　仔细观察，你就会得出结论，上述的很多事情都已经发生了。

　　(4)____________， I would like to thank all that have helped me in the research.

　　最后，我想感谢所有在研究中帮助过我的人。

　　2 attend　vt. (to take care of, to look after)照顾；(to be present at)出席；(to accompany or wait upon as a servant)护理；(go to…)上(学等)

　　(1)attend to　处理；注意倾听；照料，照顾

　　(2)attend a lecture/movie/meeting

　　听演讲/看电影/参加会议

　　attend school　上学

　　attend church

　　做礼拜

　　【活学活用】

　　(1)[2024·广东卷·信息匹配] She is now crazy about classical music and will not miss any chance to attend a concert with her husband.

　　她现在对古典音乐非常痴迷，不会错过任何和丈夫一同参加音乐会的机会。

　　(2)The patient ________________________by nurses day and night since the operation.

　　自从动了手术以来，这个病人一直由护士日夜护理。

　　(3)Sorry, but you can't see the manager now. He has something emergent ________________．

　　抱歉，你现在见不到经理，他有些急事要处理。

　　(4)If you had told me beforehand, I ____________________________ your wedding.

　　你如果提前告诉我的话，我就会去参加你的婚礼了。

　　3 expose　vt. (to show sth that is usually hidden) 暴露；揭露，使曝光

　　expose…to…把……暴露在……下

　　expose sb to sth

　　让某人接触到某物

　　be exposed to

　　暴露于；接触到

　　【活学活用】

　　(1)[2024·四川卷·阅读D] His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab, it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day.

　　他的研究表明，当实验室里的知更鸟在晚上暴露于灯光下时，就会导致在一天中的错误时间里一些基因变得活跃。

　　(2)It is unwise to expose __________ by trying to perform music that is too difficult for you.

　　演奏对自己来说太难的乐曲而使自己难堪是不明智的。

　　(3)It's very foolish of the commander to expose his men ____________ unnecessary risks.

　　这个指挥官让士兵们冒不必要的危险真是太愚蠢了。

　　(4)[2024·新课标全国卷Ⅱ·阅读C] Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to ____________the language and culture.

　　因为我是中国人，我的丈夫和我希望孩子们能够接触中国的语言和文化。

　　4 cure　n. 治疗，治愈 vt. (to make a person or an animal healthy again after an illness)治愈；消除(弊病等)；纠正

　　a cure for……的治疗办法(药物等)

　　cure sb

　　治愈，治好(病人)

　　cure sth

　　治好(疾病)

　　cure sb of sth

　　治好某人的……

　　【活学活用】

　　(1)[2024·湖北卷·完成句子] Many bad habits can be especially difficult to cure because they are likely to have been formed at a very young age.

　　许多坏习惯特别难以纠正，因为它们可能是人们年幼时就养成的。

　　(2)[2024·天津卷·阅读C] The author's mother told him to borrow a book in order to help cure him ________ his reading problem.

　　作者的母亲让他借本书来帮助他治疗阅读问题。

　　(3)Scientists have so far failed to provide a cure ________the common cold.

　　迄今为止，科学家尚未提供一种治疗普通感冒的药。

　　(4)After having the surgery, Mr

　　Jobs had people believing he __________ even as his cancer spread to his liver.

　　在接受手术后，就在癌症扩散至肝部之际，乔布斯先生却让人以为他的病已经治好了。

　　5 blame　vt.(to place responsibility for)责备；谴责 n．过失；责备

　　be to blame (for…) (因为……而)应负责任

　　blame sb for sth/doing sth

　　因……而责备某人/责备某人(做了)某事

　　blame sth on sb把某事归咎于某人

　　take the blame for…

　　承担……的责任

　　put/lay the blame for sth on sb

　　把某事归咎于某人

　　[温馨提示] be to blame没有被动形式，因此要用主动形式表示被动意义。

　　【活学活用】

　　(1)[2024·广东卷·阅读C] We tend to blame TV, he says, for problems it doesn't really cause, overlooking our own roles in shaping children's minds.

　　他说，我们倾向于把责任归咎于电视而忽略了我们自己在塑造孩子思想上产生的影响，而问题却不在电视上。

　　(2)Don't put the blame ________him, after all, he is only a green hand.

　　不要责备他了，他毕竟只是个新手。

　　(3)[2024·重庆卷·阅读B] While we can't change the body type we are born with, we can't blame our genes ______________ making us fat.

　　我们没有办法改变我们与生俱来的体形，因此我们不能归咎于让我们长胖的基因。

　　(4)It was the professor rather than his assistant who ______________ for what had happened in the lab.

　　是那位教授而不是他的助理应对实验室里所发生的事情负责。

　　6 announce　vt.(to make sth known publicly)通告，宣告

　　(1)It is announced that…　据宣布……/据通知……

　　announce sth to sb/to sb sth

　　向某人宣布某事

　　(2)announcement n．　

　　通告；宣告；通知

　　announcer n.

　　广播员，播音员

　　make an announcement

　　宣布；通知

　　[温馨提示] announce后不能跟双宾语结构，如果要表达“向某人宣布某事”应该这样表达：announce sth to sb，不能用announce sb sth。除了announce外，类似的词还有say, explain, mention等。

　　【活学活用】

　　(1)[2024·四川卷·阅读B] As the vegetables started coming in, Dad threw himself into cooking. One day, armed with a basket of vegetables, he announced he was going to make stew(炖菜).

　　当蔬菜成熟的时候，爸爸就会开始为我们做饭。一天，他挎着一篮蔬菜，宣布要开始炖菜了。

　　(2)The date of the exam __________________to all schools later in the year.

　　今年晚些时候将向所有学校宣布考试日期。

　　(3)Mary announced ________her parents that she was going to run for monitor.

　　玛丽向她父母亲宣布她准备竞选班长。

　　(4)The company announced last week that it would cut 500 jobs as part of an economy drive.

　　＝____________ last week that the company would cut 500 jobs as part of an economy drive.

　　上周公司宣布，作为节省开支的措施之一，将裁员500人。

　　7 contribute　vi.贡献；(to submit for publication)投稿；捐献/助，有助于

　　(1)contribute…to…　向……捐献(投稿)

　　contribute to…

　　促成；起作用；有助于

　　(2)contribution n.

　　贡献；捐赠

　　make a contribution to

　　为……做出贡献

　　【语境助记】

　　Many people contributed money to the poor girl, which contributed to her returning to school. A teacher wrote a story about it and contributed it to a newspaper.

　　许多人给这位家境贫寒的女孩捐款，这使她重新回到校园。一位老师写了一篇关于此事的文章，并把它投到了报社。

　　【活学活用】

　　(1)[2024·湖北卷·书面表达] Such rude riding contributes to the disorder of traffic. Thus the avoidable road accidents become unavoidable.

　　这种粗鲁的驾车行为会导致交通混乱。结果，可以避免的交通事故变得不可避免。

　　(2)They say they would like to ____________________ charity, but money is tight this year.

　　他们说他们很想捐献更多的钱支持慈善事业，但是今年的钱非常紧张。

　　(3)I was asked ________________an article __________ a newspaper making predictions for the new year.

　　我受邀为报纸撰写一篇文章，对新的一年进行预测。

　　(4)He made a greater ____________ to the collecting and using of ancient classics and literature.

　　他对古籍文献的搜集和运用做出了较大贡献。

　　　短语储存　

　　1 put forward　提出；提前；把表拨快

　　put off　推迟

　　put on

　　穿上；上演