课时作业19　Unit 4　Body language

　　一、单元扣点训练

　　Ⅰ.短语填空

　　1．It was getting dark. We had to ________ in the forest for the night.

　　2．Animals are ________ fond of eating and moving in company.

　　3．When he failed to beat his opponent he felt he had ________ with his friends.

　　4．It is a timid animal but will fight like a tiger ________ its young.

　　5．The risk of affection hasn't decreased—________， it has increased.

　　6．________， food poisoning happens during summer.

　　7．I was wondering why you seemed to want to keep everybody ________.

　　8．One of the men suddenly ________ a hand and grabbed my arm.

　　9．Steps are being taken to ________ the city ________ attack.

　　10．The mother felt ________ after being informed that her children were safe.

　　答案　1.put up　2.in general　3.lost face　4.in defence of　5.on the contrary　6.In most cases　7.at a distance　8.reached out　9.defend; against　10.at ease

　　Ⅱ.完成句子

　　1．When Darlence Coulon from France ______________________(匆忙走进门), she recognized Tony Garcia's smiling face. (dash)

　　答案　came dashing through the door

　　2．These actions are not good or bad, but are simply ways ______________________(文化发展的不同方式而已). (develop)

　　答案　in which cultures have developed

　　3．The most universal facial expression is，of course, the smile— its function is ______________________(表示快乐，安人心境). (ease)

　　答案　to show happiness and put people at ease

　　Ⅲ.模仿造句

　　1．The_first_person_to_arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.

　　[翻译]哥伦布是第一个发现美洲的人。

　　答案　Columbus was the first person to discover America.

　　2．She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as_if_in_defence.

　　[翻译]他东张西望，似乎在寻找什么。

　　答案　He looked around，as if in search of something.

　　3．Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor_are_they_comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.

　　[翻译]不可能掩盖事实真相了，也没有这个必要了。

　　答案　It is no longer possible to hide the truth, nor is there any need to do so.

　　4．In general, though,_studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's world of cultural crossroads!

　　[翻译]我们队输了，可是这也不失为一场好球。

　　答案　Our team lost. It was a good game，though.

　　5．Being respectful to people is subjective, based_on each culture.

　　[翻译]现在很多人不是根据他们的兴趣而是根据工作保障来选择职业。

　　答案　Nowadays many people choose careers based on job security rather than their interest.

　　二、阅读理解

　　(2024·重庆卷)

　　At thirteen, I was diagnosed (诊断) with a kind of attention disorder. It made school difficult for me. When everyone else in the class was focusing on tasks, I could not.

　　In my first literature class, Mrs. Smith asked us to read a story and then write on it, all within 45 minutes. I raised my hand right away and said, “Mrs. Smith, you see, the doctor said I have attention problems. I might not be able to do it.”

　　She glanced down at me through her glasses, “You are no different from your classmates, young man.”

　　I tried, but I didn't finish the reading when the bell rang. I had to take it home.

　　In the quietness of my bedroom, the story suddenly all became clear to me. It was about a blind person, Louis Braille. He lived in a time when the blind couldn't get much education. But Louis didn't give up. Instead, he invented a reading system of raised dots (点), which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind.

　　Wasn't I the “blind” in my class, being made to learn like the “sighted” students? My thoughts spilled out and my pen started to dance. I completed the task within 40 minutes. Indeed, I was no different from others; I just needed a quieter place. If Louis could find his way out of his problems, why should I ever give up?

　　I didn't expect anything when I handed in my paper to Mrs. Smith, so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next day—with an “A” on it. At the bottom of the paper were these words: ?See what you can do when you keep trying？”

　　语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己克服注意力障碍，发现了一个新的自己的经历。

　　1．The author didn't finish the reading in class because ________.

　　A. he was new to the class

　　B. he was tired of literature

　　C. he had an attention disorder

　　D. he wanted to take the task home

　　答案与解析　C　考查细节理解。第一段作者就谈到他有注意力障碍，第二段的尾句说明作者认为自己的身体状况使他不能完成老师布置的任务。

　　2．What do we know about Louis Braille from the passage?

　　A. He had good sight.

　　B. He made a great invention.

　　C. He gave up reading.

　　D. He learned a lot from school.

　　答案与解析　B　考查细节理解。依据第五段的“he invented a reading system of raised dots (点)”可知，Louis Braille为盲人发明了一种非常有用的阅读体系。

　　3．What was Mrs. Smith's attitude to the author at the end of the story?

　　A. Angry.

　　B. Impatient.

　　C. Sympathetic.

　　D. Encouraging.

　　答案与解析　D　考查推理判断。文章尾段作者的老师Mrs. Smith写道“See what you can do when you keep trying？”说明了这位老师对作者的肯定，她在鼓励作者继续努力。

　　4．What is the main idea of the passage?

　　A. The disabled should be treated with respect.

　　B. A teacher can open up a new world to students.

　　C. One can find his way out of difficulties with efforts.

　　D. Everyone needs a hand when faced with challenges.

　　答案与解析　C　考查主旨大意。作者在文中讲述了自己经过努力，终于完成了任务的经历。由这件事可以看出，只要努力克服困难就能够成功。

　　三、完形填空

　　(2024·江西南昌模拟)

　　Reading and learning new words is about finding their meaning and use within a passage. The meaning of unknown words which you __1__ in your reading sometimes can be known by their __2__， that is, their contexts. The context of the sentence can tell us the part of speech (词性) of the __3__ word. Using the context of the paragraph to define unknown words can also be __4__.

　　Readers often have trouble because they understand the sentence word by word instead the __5__ meaning of a word, when they should identify the way it has been used in the passage.

　　One consideration in using the context is to determine the unknown word's part of speech. The words around the unknown word can give you __6__. Once you know if the word is a noun or an adjective, it is often enough for you to __7__ reading without having to stop to look up the meaning of the word. After coming across the word a few more times, you will know its meaning more __8__ than if you had just looked it up.

　　Comparison clues indicate that two or more things are __9__. A comparison is possible because the known and unknown words have __10__. The likeness shows you that comparisons can be made.

　　__11__ clues tell you an example of an unknown word. Example clues are usually __12__ by the following words and phrases: such as, for example, and like.

　　To find meaning from textbased clues, you should look for clues in the sentence. A second kind of clue does not __13__ on specific words to indicate meaning. This kind of context clue is called a frameworkbased clue. Your knowledge of the meaning of surrounding words __14__ you discover the meaning of a word or sentence. Common __15__ and your knowledge of the parts of speech also help defining unknown words. For example, the angry driver shouted vehemently during his fight with the other driver. What does “vehemently” __16__？ You know what __17__ means, and you know how people __18__ when they argue. From this, you can __19__ out that “vehemently” has something to do with strong __20__ or intense feelings.

　　1．A. take down

　　B. look up

　　C. come across

　　D. pick out

　　2．A. sentences

　　B. words

　　C. topics

　　D. surroundings

　　3．A. unknown

　　B. abnormal

　　C. familiar

　　D. negative

　　4．A. unique

　　B. natural

　　C. helpful

　　D. common

　　5．A. correct

　　B. inconvenient

　　C. different

　　D. satisfactory

　　6．A. cases

　　B. reasons

　　C. effects

　　D. clues

　　7．A. translate

　　B. interview

　　C. continue

　　D. examine

　　8．A. strangely

　　B. uncertainly

　　C. potentially

　　D. firmly

　　9．A. alike

　　B. meaningful

　　C. proper

　　D. great

　　10．A. properties

　　B. similarities

　　C. possibilities

　　D. personalities

　　11．A. Popularity

　　B. Consideration

　　C. Example

　　D. Comparison

　　12．A. affected

　　B. adjusted

　　C. changed

　　D. introduced

　　13．A. focus

　　B. spend

　　C. carry

　　D. rely

　　14．A. prevents

　　B. helps

　　C. tells

　　D. displays

　　15．A. point

　　B. taste

　　C. awareness

　　D. sense

　　16．A. mean

　　B. use

　　C. contain

　　D. complete

　　17．A. angry

　　B. grateful

　　C. happy

　　D. anxious

　　18．A. act

　　B. say

　　C. feel

　　D. think

　　19．A. come

　　B. figure

　　C. take

　　D. set

　　20．A. demand

　　B. ambition

　　C. attitude

　　D. emotion

　　答案与解析　

　　语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几种根据上下文学习生词的方法和技巧。

　　1．C　有时候你在阅读中所遇到的生词的意思可以通过语境知道其含义。take down意为“记下”；look up意为“查阅”；come across意为“遇见”；pick out意为“找出”。下文中的“After coming across the word a few more times”也是提示，故C项正确。

　　2．D　根据“that is”可知，此空与contexts是同义词，与下文中的“The words around the unknown word”和“Your knowledge of the meaning of surrounding words”呼应，故D项正确。

　　3．A　句子的语境可以告诉我们生词的词性。与上文中的“unknown words”呼应可知，此处是指生词，即A项正确。abnormal意为“不正常的”；familiar意为“熟悉的”；negative意为“负面的”。

　　4．C　利用段落的语境来确定生词也是有帮助的。与下文中的“Common __15__ and your knowledge of the parts of speech also help in defining unknown words”呼应，即C项正确。

　　5．A　当读者本应该确认一个词在语境中的用法时，读者经常遇到麻烦，因为他们逐词理解句子而不是(理解)一个词的正确意思。根据空格前的“Readers often have trouble”可推知，读者没有理解一个词的正确意思，即A项正确。

　　6．D　生词周围的词可以给你(提供)线索。与下文中的“Comparison clues”呼应，即D项正确。

　　7．C　一旦你知道了这个词是名词还是形容词，那么你就可以不必停下来去查找这个词的意思而继续读下去。根据空格后的“without having to stop”可知，此处应用continue“继续”，故C项正确。

　　8．D　strangely意为“奇怪地”；uncertainly意为“犹豫地”；potentially意为“潜在地”；firmly意为“坚定地”。根据空格前的“After coming across the word a few more times”可知，在生词出现的频率较高的情况下，根据语境，读者就可以更加确定其具体的含义，即D项正确。

　　9．A　比较性线索表明两个或多个事物是相似的。根据下文中的“Words likewise”可知，此处表示事物的相似性，即A项正确。

　　10．B　之所以可以比较是因为认识的词和不认识的词之间有相似性。根据下文中的“The likeness”可知，此处指词义相近，similarity意为“相似性”，符合语境。

　　11．C　例子线索会通过举例来提示读者对生词的理解。与空格后的“an example”和“Example clues”呼应，故C项正确。

　　12．D　例子线索通常通过以下词或短语来提出。affect意为“影响”；adjust意为“调整”；change“改变”；introduce“提出”。故D项正确。

　　13．D　另一种线索并不是靠具体的词来表明(生词的)意思的。与上文“textbased clues”形成对比，这种线索不是依赖上下文而得出词义的，故D项正确。rely on意为“依赖”，符合语境。

　　14．B　你对语境中词的意思的理解有助于你了解一个词或一个句子的意思。故B项正确。

　　15．D　常识和对词性的了解也有助于(读者)给生词下定义。固定搭配：comment sense意为“常识”，符合语境，故D项正确。

　　16．A　“vehemently”是什么意思呢？与下文中的“You know what __17__ means”形成呼应，A项正确。

　　17．A　你知道angry是什么意思，而且你(也)知道人们在争辩时的感受。与上文中的“the angry driver”呼应，故A项正确。

　　18．C　根据上文中的“the angry driver”和空格所在句中的“how people __18__ when they argue”可推知，此处表示情感和感受，故C项正确。

　　19．B　由此你可以弄清楚“vehemently”与强烈的情感或紧张的情绪有关。come out意为“出现，出版”；figure out意为“弄明白”；take out意为“切除”；set out意为“出发”。

　　20．D　demand意为“要求”；ambition意为“野心”；attitude意为“态度”；emotion意为“情感”。与语境“or intense feelings”呼应可知，此处表示情感，故D项正确。