Module 3 The Violence of Nature

　　练（一第Ⅱ卷强化增分练——练规范

　　(限时：45分钟)

　　Ⅰ.语法填空

　　(2024·郑州市第一次质检)

　　Paris Fashion Week

　　It is a clothing trade show semi-annually held in Paris, France, with Spring/Summer and Autumn/Winter events __1__ (take) place each year. Fashion Week in Paris is given twice a year right after the Milan Fashion Week. Dates are fixed by the French Fashion Federation. Currently it is held Carrousel du Louver and at some __2__ places throughout the city. Paris Fashion Week is __3__ of the big four fashion weeks internationally, the others being London Fashion Week, Milan Fashion Week and New York Fashion Week. They are to show the fashion industry __4__ the various brands will be releasing and __5__ (increase) their sales.

　　Paris, __6__ (regard) as a fashion capital like New York, Milan, and London, happens to be the headquarters (总部) of many top fashion houses like Chanel, Dior, Hermes, Louis Vuitton, etc. The French fashion has made an __7__ (impress) mark on its fans by elegance and beauty. Paris's cultural diversities __8__ (present) widely by the fact that many worldwide designers are pleased to show up with their new __9__ (design)．

　　In 2024, Paris Fashion Week for Spring/Summer started from 26 June to 30 June __10__ the Autumn/Winter event was from 24 September to 2 October.

　　语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了著名的法国巴黎时装周。

　　1．taking　此处是介词with的复合结构，该空前的“Spring/Summer and Autumn/Winter events”与take place之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词taking。

　　2．other　目前，巴黎时装周在Carrousel du Louver及这个城市其他的一些地方举行，根据句意可知此处填形容词other。

　　3．one　巴黎时装周是世界四大时装周之一。此处是“one of the ...”的结构，因此填代词one。

　　4．what　时装周是为了向时尚界展示各品牌将要发布什么样的时装。此空后是show的宾语从句，由于在宾语从句中releasing缺少宾语，因此用what引导宾语从句。

　　5．(to) increase　时装周的目的是在发表最新时装的同时促进销售。to show和(to) increase为并列关系。

　　6．regarded　Paris和New York, Milan, London一样被看作是时尚之都。Paris和regard之间在逻辑上是动宾关系，因此用过去分词regarded。

　　7．impressive　法国的时尚以其优雅美丽的风格给其爱好者留下了深刻的(impressive)印象。

　　8．are presented　这里表客观事实，用一般现在时；又因句子的主语与present之间是动宾关系，因此此处用一般现在时的被动语态，即are presented。

　　9．designs　design意为“设计”，为可数名词，此处表示复数的意义，因此填designs。

　　10．while/and　while在这里表对比关系，意思是“而”；此处也可以用and表并列关系，意思是“和”，故while和and均符合语境。

　　Ⅱ.短文改错

　　(2024·贵州八校第二次联考)In the countryside there are some children dropped out of school. The reasons of this are different. Some families are very poor to afford the education of their children. Some parents think useless for girls to attend school, so that their daughters lost the chance. Some children are unwilling to attend school for lack of interests in their studies. In my opinion, every child should have the chance to receive an education, whether boys and girls. Besides, the government should take effect measures to guarantee children's right of education because we will play important roles in developing our country in the future.

　　答案：第一句：dropped→dropping

　　第二句：of→for

　　第三句：very→too

　　第四句：think后加it; lost→lose

　　第五句：interests→interest

　　第六句：去掉an; and→or

　　第七句：effect→effective; we→they

　　Ⅲ.书面表达

　　(2024·河北省邢台市摸底考试)假如你是李华，目前正在一所外国语学校读高中。最近一段时间你比较关注美国文化，尤其对美国的节日感兴趣。请你给你的美国网友Tom写一封电子邮件，询问他关于感恩节的一些情况。内容要点如下：

　　1．介绍自己的近况；

　　2．询问他关于感恩节的一些情况(起源、庆祝的时间和方式等)；

　　3．表示感谢。

　　注意：1.词数100左右；

　　2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

　　3．开头和落款已为你写好，但不计入总词数。Dear Tom，

　　Thanks for your e-mail last time.____________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua

　　参考范文：

　　Dear Tom，

　　Thanks for your e-mail last time. I'd like to tell you that I am now focusing my attention on American culture, especially American festivals.

　　When it comes to American festivals, what attracts me most is Thanksgiving Day. Since I have never spent the festival in America in person, I know little about it. I would appreciate it greatly if you can tell me something about it. My questions are as follows: How did it come into being? When and how do people celebrate it? What's its significance?

　　I hope you can give me assistance in this problem and thank you in advance.

　　Best wishes!

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua

　　练（二阅读理解组合练——练短板

　　(限时：15分钟)

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　(2024·河北普通毕业班质量检查)The term “smog” was first used in London during the early 1900's to describe the combination of smoke and fog. What we typically call “smog” today is a mixture of pollutants but is primarily made up of ground-level ozone (臭氧)．

　　Ozone can be beneficial or harmful depending on where it stays. The ozone staying high above the Earth protects human health and the environment,

　　but ground-level ozone is responsible for the choking, coughing, and painful eyes associated with smog. The ozone in smog also prevents plants growth and can cause widespread damage to crops and forest.

　　Major smog occurrences often are linked to heavy motor vehicle traffic, high temperatures, sunshine, and calm winds. Weather and geography affect the position and severity of smog. Because temperature regulates the length of time it takes for smog to form, smog can form faster and be more severe on a hot and sunny day. When warm air stays near the ground instead of rising and winds are calm, smog may stay trapped over your city for days. As traffic and other sources add more pollutants to the air, the smog gets worse. Smog is often more severe away from the pollution sources because the chemical reactions that cause smog occur in the atmosphere while the reacting chemicals are being moved by the wind.

　　Smog is a visible example of air pollution. You can look into the distance during the day to see how much smog there is in the air. In addition, most cities measure the concentrations of pollutants in the air and report the results to the public.

　　Environmental Protection Agency sets national standards for pollutants. Areas that fail to meet the standards for at least one air pollutant are called “nonattainment (不达标) areas”. New measures are being taken by local governments across the country to reduce air pollution in nonattainment areas. These include: banning charcoal barbecues and wood burning in stoves or fireplaces when pollution levels are high; developing programs to encourage carpooling and voluntary “ozone actions”； limiting traffic in overcrowded areas; expanding or improving public transportation systems; requiring employers to contribute to employee public transportation costs; assessing “smog fees” on cars according to the number of miles driven and vehicle emissions (排放) produced; and even buying and breaking up older “super-dirty” cars.

　　语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要谈论了烟雾的形成原因、危害以及地方政府针对这一现象所采取的应对措施。

　　1．According to the passage, ground-level ozone can______.

　　A．damage the environment

　　B．benefit human health

　　C．protect crops and forest

　　D．limit the spread of smog

　　解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...but ground-level ozone is ... damage to crops and forest.”可知，地平面上的臭氧对环境和人体是有坏处的。故选A。

　　2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A．Air quality is better in time of calm wind.

　　B．Smog is more severe near pollution sources.

　　C．It takes more time for smog to form in hot weather.

　　D．Chemical reactions occur in the moving air and cause smog.

　　解析：选D　正误判断题。根据第三段最后一句中的“because the chemical reactions ... by the wind”可知，化学反应在流动的空气里发生并且导致了烟雾。故选D。

　　3．Which indication shows more exact the air is poor?

　　A．Heavy motor vehicle traffic in big cities.

　　B．Widespread damage of crops and forest.

　　C．Clear outlines of hills in the distance.

　　D．High concentrations of pollutants in the air.

　　解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，空气中高浓度的污染物能较准确地表明空气质量差。故选D。

　　4．What is included in the measures being taken by the local governments?

　　A．Unconditional banning of wood burning.

　　B．Encouraging carpooling and public transportation.

　　C．Charging all the vehicles more “smog fees”．

　　D．Buying new cars to replace super-dirty old cars.

　　解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“developing programs to encourage carpooling...”以及“expanding or improving public transportation systems” 可知，地方政府采取的措施包括鼓励人们拼车，扩大和改进公共交通运输体系等。故选B。

　　Ⅱ.阅读七选五

　　(2024·唐山市高三一模)Smoggy weather has become common in China. But these days, air pollution levels in the northeastern city of Harbin surpassed the previous record levels.

　　The city was essentially shut down after PM2.5, fine particulate (微粒的) pollution that is considered dangerous, reached levels of 1,000 micrograms per cubic meter — __1__. Schools, motorways and an airport were closed on Tuesday as visibility in some areas of the city dropped to less than 10 meters.

　　__2___. It stated that there is “sufficient evidence” that exposure to outdoor air pollution causes lung cancer. __3__. Moreover, it's said that exposure has increased significantly particularly in “rapidly industrial countries with large populations”．

　　On the Chinese social media site Weibo, many users complained about the pollution and shared their concerns. __4__. Nowadays, there is a sarcastic play on the expression “serve the people”， as the two have a similar pronunciation.

　　“__5__. There won't be a sudden outbreak of symptoms, but normally three to five days after the smoggy weather occurs, there is a peak in the number of people seeing doctors，” Deng Ying, a doctor at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University was quoted as saying.

　　A．The impact of air pollution on people will be gradual

　　B．Smog has been regarded as the biggest killer nowadays in China

　　C．Just days previously, the World Health Organization classified air pollution as a carcinogen (致癌物)

　　D．The faster smog comes, the faster it goes away

　　E．References to “feed people with smog” have become popular on Weibo

　　F．40 times the safety level reminded by the World Health Organization

　　G．And meanwhile, the risk of bladder cancer is also closely connected with it

　　答案：1～5　FCGEA

　　Module 3 The Violence of Nature

　　练（一第Ⅱ卷强化增分练——练规范

　　(限时：45分钟)

　　Ⅰ.语法填空

　　(2024·郑州市第一次质检)

　　Paris Fashion Week

　　It is a clothing trade show semi-annually held in Paris, France, with Spring/Summer and Autumn/Winter events __1__ (take) place each year. Fashion Week in Paris is given twice a year right after the Milan Fashion Week. Dates are fixed by the French Fashion Federation. Currently it is held Carrousel du Louver and at some __2__ places throughout the city. Paris Fashion Week is __3__ of the big four fashion weeks internationally, the others being London Fashion Week, Milan Fashion Week and New York Fashion Week. They are to show the fashion industry __4__ the various brands will be releasing and __5__ (increase) their sales.

　　Paris, __6__ (regard) as a fashion capital like New York, Milan, and London, happens to be the headquarters (总部) of many top fashion houses like Chanel, Dior, Hermes, Louis Vuitton, etc. The French fashion has made an __7__ (impress) mark on its fans by elegance and beauty. Paris's cultural diversities __8__ (present) widely by the fact that many worldwide designers are pleased to show up with their new __9__ (design)．

　　In 2024, Paris Fashion Week for Spring/Summer started from 26 June to 30 June __10__ the Autumn/Winter event was from 24 September to 2 October.

　　语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了著名的法国巴黎时装周。

　　1．taking　此处是介词with的复合结构，该空前的“Spring/Summer and Autumn/Winter events”与take place之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词taking。

　　2．other　目前，巴黎时装周在Carrousel du Louver及这个城市其他的一些地方举行，根据句意可知此处填形容词other。

　　3．one　巴黎时装周是世界四大时装周之一。此处是“one of the ...”的结构，因此填代词one。

　　4．what　时装周是为了向时尚界展示各品牌将要发布什么样的时装。此空后是show的宾语从句，由于在宾语从句中releasing缺少宾语，因此用what引导宾语从句。

　　5．(to) increase　时装周的目的是在发表最新时装的同时促进销售。to show和(to) increase为并列关系。

　　6．regarded　Paris和New York, Milan, London一样被看作是时尚之都。Paris和regard之间在逻辑上是动宾关系，因此用过去分词regarded。

　　7．impressive　法国的时尚以其优雅美丽的风格给其爱好者留下了深刻的(impressive)印象。

　　8．are presented　这里表客观事实，用一般现在时；又因句子的主语与present之间是动宾关系，因此此处用一般现在时的被动语态，即are presented。

　　9．designs　design意为“设计”，为可数名词，此处表示复数的意义，因此填designs。

　　10．while/and　while在这里表对比关系，意思是“而”；此处也可以用and表并列关系，意思是“和”，故while和and均符合语境。

　　Ⅱ.短文改错

　　(2024·贵州八校第二次联考)In the countryside there are some children dropped out of school. The reasons of this are different. Some families are very poor to afford the education of their children. Some parents think useless for girls to attend school, so that their daughters lost the chance. Some children are unwilling to attend school for lack of interests in their studies. In my opinion, every child should have the chance to receive an education, whether boys and girls. Besides, the government should take effect measures to guarantee children's right of education because we will play important roles in developing our country in the future.

　　答案：第一句：dropped→dropping

　　第二句：of→for

　　第三句：very→too

　　第四句：think后加it; lost→lose

　　第五句：interests→interest

　　第六句：去掉an; and→or

　　第七句：effect→effective; we→they

　　Ⅲ.书面表达

　　(2024·河北省邢台市摸底考试)假如你是李华，目前正在一所外国语学校读高中。最近一段时间你比较关注美国文化，尤其对美国的节日感兴趣。请你给你的美国网友Tom写一封电子邮件，询问他关于感恩节的一些情况。内容要点如下：

　　1．介绍自己的近况；

　　2．询问他关于感恩节的一些情况(起源、庆祝的时间和方式等)；

　　3．表示感谢。

　　注意：1.词数100左右；

　　2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

　　3．开头和落款已为你写好，但不计入总词数。Dear Tom，

　　Thanks for your e-mail last time.____________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua

　　参考范文：

　　Dear Tom，

　　Thanks for your e-mail last time. I'd like to tell you that I am now focusing my attention on American culture, especially American festivals.

　　When it comes to American festivals, what attracts me most is Thanksgiving Day. Since I have never spent the festival in America in person, I know little about it. I would appreciate it greatly if you can tell me something about it. My questions are as follows: How did it come into being? When and how do people celebrate it? What's its significance?

　　I hope you can give me assistance in this problem and thank you in advance.

　　Best wishes!

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua

　　练（二阅读理解组合练——练短板

　　(限时：15分钟)

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　(2024·河北普通毕业班质量检查)The term “smog” was first used in London during the early 1900's to describe the combination of smoke and fog. What we typically call “smog” today is a mixture of pollutants but is primarily made up of ground-level ozone (臭氧)．

　　Ozone can be beneficial or harmful depending on where it stays. The ozone staying high above the Earth protects human health and the environment,

　　but ground-level ozone is responsible for the choking, coughing, and painful eyes associated with smog. The ozone in smog also prevents plants growth and can cause widespread damage to crops and forest.

　　Major smog occurrences often are linked to heavy motor vehicle traffic, high temperatures, sunshine, and calm winds. Weather and geography affect the position and severity of smog. Because temperature regulates the length of time it takes for smog to form, smog can form faster and be more severe on a hot and sunny day. When warm air stays near the ground instead of rising and winds are calm, smog may stay trapped over your city for days. As traffic and other sources add more pollutants to the air, the smog gets worse. Smog is often more severe away from the pollution sources because the chemical reactions that cause smog occur in the atmosphere while the reacting chemicals are being moved by the wind.

　　Smog is a visible example of air pollution. You can look into the distance during the day to see how much smog there is in the air. In addition, most cities measure the concentrations of pollutants in the air and report the results to the public.

　　Environmental Protection Agency sets national standards for pollutants. Areas that fail to meet the standards for at least one air pollutant are called “nonattainment (不达标) areas”. New measures are being taken by local governments across the country to reduce air pollution in nonattainment areas. These include: banning charcoal barbecues and wood burning in stoves or fireplaces when pollution levels are high; developing programs to encourage carpooling and voluntary “ozone actions”； limiting traffic in overcrowded areas; expanding or improving public transportation systems; requiring employers to contribute to employee public transportation costs; assessing “smog fees” on cars according to the number of miles driven and vehicle emissions (排放) produced; and even buying and breaking up older “super-dirty” cars.

　　语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要谈论了烟雾的形成原因、危害以及地方政府针对这一现象所采取的应对措施。

　　1．According to the passage, ground-level ozone can______.

　　A．damage the environment

　　B．benefit human health

　　C．protect crops and forest

　　D．limit the spread of smog

　　解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...but ground-level ozone is ... damage to crops and forest.”可知，地平面上的臭氧对环境和人体是有坏处的。故选A。

　　2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A．Air quality is better in time of calm wind.

　　B．Smog is more severe near pollution sources.

　　C．It takes more time for smog to form in hot weather.

　　D．Chemical reactions occur in the moving air and cause smog.

　　解析：选D　正误判断题。根据第三段最后一句中的“because the chemical reactions ... by the wind”可知，化学反应在流动的空气里发生并且导致了烟雾。故选D。

　　3．Which indication shows more exact the air is poor?

　　A．Heavy motor vehicle traffic in big cities.

　　B．Widespread damage of crops and forest.

　　C．Clear outlines of hills in the distance.

　　D．High concentrations of pollutants in the air.

　　解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，空气中高浓度的污染物能较准确地表明空气质量差。故选D。

　　4．What is included in the measures being taken by the local governments?

　　A．Unconditional banning of wood burning.

　　B．Encouraging carpooling and public transportation.

　　C．Charging all the vehicles more “smog fees”．

　　D．Buying new cars to replace super-dirty old cars.

　　解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“developing programs to encourage carpooling...”以及“expanding or improving public transportation systems” 可知，地方政府采取的措施包括鼓励人们拼车，扩大和改进公共交通运输体系等。故选B。

　　Ⅱ.阅读七选五

　　(2024·唐山市高三一模)Smoggy weather has become common in China. But these days, air pollution levels in the northeastern city of Harbin surpassed the previous record levels.

　　The city was essentially shut down after PM2.5, fine particulate (微粒的) pollution that is considered dangerous, reached levels of 1,000 micrograms per cubic meter — __1__. Schools, motorways and an airport were closed on Tuesday as visibility in some areas of the city dropped to less than 10 meters.

　　__2___. It stated that there is “sufficient evidence” that exposure to outdoor air pollution causes lung cancer. __3__. Moreover, it's said that exposure has increased significantly particularly in “rapidly industrial countries with large populations”．

　　On the Chinese social media site Weibo, many users complained about the pollution and shared their concerns. __4__. Nowadays, there is a sarcastic play on the expression “serve the people”， as the two have a similar pronunciation.

　　“__5__. There won't be a sudden outbreak of symptoms, but normally three to five days after the smoggy weather occurs, there is a peak in the number of people seeing doctors，” Deng Ying, a doctor at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University was quoted as saying.

　　A．The impact of air pollution on people will be gradual

　　B．Smog has been regarded as the biggest killer nowadays in China

　　C．Just days previously, the World Health Organization classified air pollution as a carcinogen (致癌物)

　　D．The faster smog comes, the faster it goes away

　　E．References to “feed people with smog” have become popular on Weibo

　　F．40 times the safety level reminded by the World Health Organization

　　G．And meanwhile, the risk of bladder cancer is also closely connected with it

　　答案：1～5　FCGEA