专题14 阅读理解

　　【热点突破】

　　直接信息题的选项中多采用原文中的信息进行直接考查。在做题时考生迅速找到原文中与题干who，what，when，where，why，how 等提问。此类题目相对简单只要考生认真细心得分就会比较容易。

　　(2024·高考全国卷阅读理解A)Monthly Talks at London Canal Museum

　　Our monthly talks start at 19：30 on the first Thursday of each month except August.Admission is at normal charges and you don’t need to book.They end around 21：00.November

　　7th

　　The Canal Pioneers，by Chris Lewis.James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers.He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building.

　　Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”．December 5th

　　Ice for the Metropolis，by Malcolm Tucker.Well before the arrival of freezers，there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering.Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells，and how London’s ice trade grew.

　　February

　　6th

　　An Update on the Cotswold Canals，by Liz Payne.The Stroudwater Canal is moving towards reopening.The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer.We will have a report on the present state of play.

　　March

　　6th

　　Eyots and Aits—Thames Islands，by Miranda Vickers.The Thames has many islands.Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them.She will tell us about those of greatest interest.

　　Online bookings：www.canalmuseum.org.uk/bookMore info：www.canalmuseum.org.uk/whatsonLondon Canal Museum

　　12－13 New Wharf RoadI 9RT

　　www.canalmuseum.org.ukwww.canalmuseum.mobi：020 7713 0836

　　本文为一篇应用文。介绍了英国的London Canal Museum分别在十一月、十二月、二月和三月举行的四次monthly talks的相关信息包括名称、主讲人、主要内容并附加介绍了具体联系方式等信息。

　　21When is the talk on James Brindley?________

　　A．February 6th.

　　B．March 6th.

　　C．November 7th.

　　D．December 5th.

　　22．What is the topic of the talk in February? ________

　　A．The Canal Pioneers.

　　B．Ice for the Metropolis.

　　C．Eyots and Aits—Thames Islands.

　　D．An Update on the Cotswold Canals.

　　23．Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames? ________

　　A．Miranda Vickers.

　　B．Malcolm Tucker.

　　C．Chris Lewis.

　　D．Liz Payne.

　　【特别提醒】

　　在解答这类题时，考生可以采取“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”的方法，通过定位找题点。先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。

　　【热点突破】

　　根据近几年的高考题来看高考细节理解题的答案的得出通常需要考生对选项进行一定的处理即需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换两者存在表达上的差异有时需要进行加工或整理方能得出结论。

　　(2024·高考全国卷阅读理解B节选)Disappointed by many a broken－ripened(蔓上成熟的) promiser how attractive they look in the store，once I get them home they’re unfailingly dry，hard，and tasteless.But I homed in，with uncertainty，on one particular table at the Brown’s Grove Farm’s stand，full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist.These were the real deal—and at that moment，

　　I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn’t be experiencing again for months.

　　26．What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter?________

　　A．They are soft.

　　B．They look nice.

　　C．They taste great.

　　D．They are juicy.

　　【特别提醒】

　　语义转换题属于中档难度题，分数比例较大。命题者在出此类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的方法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把A观点说成B观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是解题的关键。常见干扰项的特点：(1)将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。(2)无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出结论，而文中并未涉及。(3)偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，而所述细节却与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。(4)文不对题。这类选项最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确实属于原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。(5)符合常识，但不是文章内容。(6)部分正确，部分错误。

　　【热点突破】

　　细节推断题是推理判断题中比较简单的一类试题，它要求考生根据语篇中具体的内容和信息点，推断出文章中具体的细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。解答此类试题时，一般可根据短文所提供的信息或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生只要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，就可作出准确的推断。

　　(2024·高考天津卷阅读理解C节选)I never told my mother about my “miraculous”(奇迹般experience that summer，but she saw a slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year.And years later，she was proud that her son had read thousands of books，was awarded a PhD in literature，and authored his own books，articles，poetry and fiction.The power of the words has held.

　　49．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?_______

　　A．The author has become a successful writer.

　　B．The author’s mother read the same book.

　　C．The author’s mother rewarded him with books.

　　D．The author has had happy summers ever since.

　　【特别提醒】对于细节推断题来说根据文章中的关键信息点进行推断是解答此类试题的关键。考生不但要理解文章的字面含义还要运用逻辑判断能力推断出文章更深层的含义。同时还要根据文章内容进行推断不能凭空猜测。考生要注意站在文章作者或文中

　　【热点突破】

　　该类型题目考查考生是否了解文中作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度。要求考生具有在正确理解文意的基础上对观点或态度倾向进行分析、识别的能力。该类型题目的选项一般含有以下三类词uninterested(不感兴趣的)(中立的)(漠不关心的)等；褒义词：positive(积极的)(支持的)(滑稽有趣的)(热情的)(赞赏的)等；贬义词：disgusted(厌恶的)(批评的)(否定的消极的)(失望的)等。(2024·高考湖北卷阅读E，节选)On the wholeabove the rest.I enjoyed，for instance，the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own.While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters，the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere.These problems partly involve Brooks’s attempt to translate his tale into science.

　　69．What is the author’s general attitude towards the book? _______

　　A．Contradictory.

　　B．Supportive.

　　C．Cautious.

　　D．Critical.

　　【特别提醒】

　　如何解答“心思难猜”的观点态度类推理判断题？

　　1．一般来说，作者对某一事物的态度往往较为明确，要么支持，要么反对，带中立色彩的词语通常是错误选项，作 者 既 然写文章就不会不关心；

　　2．正确把握文章字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的观点代替作者的观点；

　　3．因为作者往往不直接提出自己的态度或立场，而且作者写作时也常带有某种倾向性，所以，考生在读文章时要细心 捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词语，捕捉那些烘托气氛、表达 情感的语句。

　　4．要学会区分不同的观点，尤其要善于找出作者的观点。

　　考生要注意文中出现的直接引语和间接引语，出现的观点一般是当事人的观点，而不是作者的观点。作者的观点一般用in my view，in my opinion，personally， I think，I hold 等引出。

　　【热点突破】

　　该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。考查范围涉及

　　(2024·高考北京卷阅读理解C节选)The objects around you are visible because they interact with light.Light typically travels in a straight line.But some materials slow and scatter(散射) lighto you can see it easily.

　　64．The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means ________．

　　A．silently

　　B．gradually

　　C．regularly

　　D．completely

　　【特别提醒】

　　对于此类题目我们可以借助下面这些方法来答题：(1)“拆 猜”并用来解决问题：阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。此时可以用“拆猜”的方式，先把该词的各种词缀或前后两个合成部分拆开，再结合我们掌握的构词法知识,根据中心词的含义和词缀的含义猜测其意思。(2)根据定义或解释猜词：如果生词后有一个句子(定语从句或同位语从句)或段落来对其下定义，或使用破折号、冒号、分号后的内容和引号、括号中的内容加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落就可以推断词义。

　　(3)根据同义词和反义词猜词：在单词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或反义的词语或结构，这时考生可从熟悉的词语中推测其含义。(4)根据因果关系进行猜词：该方法是根据前后的因果关系来推断某个生词或短语的意思。可由表示原因的句意推测出表示结果的句子中的某个生词或短语的意思；也可由表示结果的句意推测出表示原因的句子中的某个生词或短语的意思。(5)根据语义转折猜词：有时作者为了增强表达效果，在文章中会用一些表示转折意思的连词、副词或短语，如： though，although，but，yet，instead， however，while，rather than 等，考生可以根据转折的语境猜测词义。

　　【热点突破】

　　代词指代题要求考生依据语境的逻辑关系判断画线的人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的对象包括考查itthey/them(指代人、物、事件的复数名词)等人称代词的指代意义以及指示代词this等在文章中的指代意义以考查考生对文章中叙述的特定的人、物、事件的再认能力。

　　(2024·高考重庆卷阅读理解D节选)Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventureave a reputation for providing a great riding experience.

　　48．What does the underlined word “They” refer to?

　　_________

　　A．Flooded waters.

　　B．Wildlife journeys.

　　C．Safari camps.

　　D．Unique rides.

　　【特别提醒】解答代词指代题时我们要认真阅读画线词所在句和前后邻近句的内容分析人称转换和动作变换的详细过程理清其来龙去脉和前后的因果关系从而准确推断其指代的对象。因此理解上下文(特别是上句)的意思和代词所在句的意思是解题的关键。

　　【热点突破】

　　段落大意是指一篇文章各个段落的主要意思是对一个段落的基本内容的简缩和初步的概括。概括段落大意时一定要在把握全段或全文中心的基础上进行做到围中心注意连贯同时还要注意段落大意是否与全篇相称。段落大意要用明确、完整、简洁的语句表达。(2024·高考福建卷阅读理解E节选)Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain(保持a healthy lifestyle.Group exercise is challenging，yet fun and empowering！Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body.However(内啡肽)y，group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work hard.The instrumental support of taking on a fitness journey with others proves more effective than going to the gym alone.

　　72．The first paragraph focuses on ________．

　　A．the greatest challenge of group exercise

　　B．the most effective way to improve physical fitness

　　C．the contribution of group exercise to psychological health

　　D．the shared common goal in performing exercise in groups

　　【特别提醒】每个段落通常都有一个中心段落主题句通常会出现在段落的首句或尾句有时也会

　　【热点突破】

　　文章的主旨是通过段落来表达的而段落

　　(2024·高考重庆卷阅读理解A节选)At thirteen(诊断) with a kind of attention disorder. It made school difficult for me.When everyone else in the class was focusing on tasksttention problems.I might not be able to do it.”

　　She glanced down at me through her glasses，“You are no different from your classmates，young man.”

　　I tried，but I didn’t finish the reading when the bell rang.I had to take it home.

　　In the quietness of my bedroom，the story suddenly all became clear to me.It was about a blind person，Louis Braille.He lived in a time when the blind couldn’t get much education.But Louis didn’t give up.Instead，he invented a reading system of raised dots(点)w world of knowledge to the blind.

　　Wasn’t I the “blind” in my class，being made to learn like the “sighted” students？My thoughts spilled out and my pen started to dance.I completed the task within 40 minutes.

　　Indeed；I just needed a quieter place.If Louis could find his way out of his problems the paper were these words：“See what you can do when you keep trying？”

　　39What is the main idea of the passage?_______

　　A．The disabled should be treated with respect.

　　B．A teacher can open up a new world to students.

　　C．One can find his way out of difficulties with efforts.

　　D．Everyone needs a hand when faced with challenges.

　　【特别提醒】考生在解答文章主旨大意类试题时常会出现看懂文章却做错题这一现象。因为考生在选择文章主旨大意时常会犯以偏概全的错误。要避免出现这种错误考生首先要明白自己懂的是全文的中心思想还是细节懂的是全部词汇的字面意思还是其蕴含的意义；然后以“三主一问”作为解题思路。“三主”指文章的主题思想、文章的结构主线和关键句的主谓结构。“一问”指根据文章后面所设的问题来发问：此题的考查点是什么？考生一定要读懂题干这样在阅读文章时才能站得高看得远从而知全局。

　　【热点突破】

　　标题是文章中心思想的精炼表达形式。文章标题既考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，又要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、归纳、判断等逻辑思维方法对文章的主题和中心进行高度的概括或提炼，并迅速而准确地选择文章的标题。考生在做标题归纳类试题时要注意标题的三个特性，即醒目性、概括性和针对性。

　　(2024·高考全国卷阅读理解B节选)Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.

　　Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating，for people are often less self－conscious(难为情) when they’re in poorly lit places—and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home

　　doesn’t have enough window lightMind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study，people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing，while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when it’s time to repaint，go blue.

　　Don’t forget the clock—or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the timesize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12－inch plate instead of a 10－inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one(摄入) jumps by 14 percent.And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short

　　8．What can be a suitable title for the text?_______