1.choices。根据语境及“some of the”可知,此处应用名词复数choices。 2.basically。此处用于修饰谓语动词,故应该用basic的副词形式basically,表示“基本上”。 3.about。固定搭配think about意为“考虑”。 4.excited。be excited about为固定搭配,意为“对……感到兴奋”。 5.However。上一段的最后一句提到的是人生中遇到的比较顺利的情形,而本句说明的是人生中的逆境,上下句之间为转折关系,故应当用表示转折关系的副词however。 6.decided。此处陈述的是过去的事实,故应该用一般过去时。 7.lined。此处表示“将一切事情都准备妥当”,应该使用have sth.done句型,表示“使某事被做”。 8.to help。此处表示的是move home的目的,应该用不定式作目的状语。 9.the。此处表示“所有这一切的关键所在”,为特指意义,故应该用定冠词the修饰key。 10.working。keep doing sth.为固定用法,意为“继续做某事”。

　　第二部分 -*- 名师高效课堂 即时跟踪检测 专题十二　名词性从句 第二部分 -*- 名师高效课堂 即时跟踪检测 专题十二　名词性从句 名师高效课堂 第二部分 -*- 名师高效课堂 即时跟踪检测 专题十二　名词性从句 即时跟踪检测 第二部分 -*- 名师高效课堂 即时跟踪检测 专题十二　名词性从句 专题十二　名词性从句 主语从句 主语从句,即在复合句中充当主语成分的句子。引导主语从句的连词主要有从属连词that,whether;连接代词who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,what,whatever,which,whichever;连接副词when,where,how,why。 ?主语从句的引导词 1.that引导主语从句时无含义,在句中不作成分,但是不能省略。 2.whether有“是否”之意,在句中不作成分,不可以省略。主语从句位于句首时不能用if,只能用whether引导,构成whether...or not结构。 3.在由连接代词who,whose,whom,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever引导的主语从句中,其连接代词在句中起名词性作用,担当一定成分。 4.whatever,whoever在引导主语从句时不含疑问意义,并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever=anything that;whoever=anyone who。

　　典例1　(2024·北京高考) makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.? A.That B.What C.Who D.Which 【解析】句意:使这本书非比寻常的是作者具有创造性的想象力。在主语从句中,makes前缺少主语,故选What。 【答案】 B 典例2　(2024·江西高考) one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.? A.Whoever B.Whatever C.Whichever D.Wherever 【解析】句意:无论你们当中哪个人弄坏窗子都必须赔偿。本句谓语为will have to pay,之前的部分为主语从句,根据句意可知应用whichever“无论哪一个”,作定语修饰one。故选C项。 【答案】 C

　　?it作形式主语的主语从句 有时为了考虑句子平衡,通常在主语从句中使用形式主语it,而将真正的主语从句移至句末。常见的有三种情况。 1.that引导主语从句,通常用形式主语代替主语从句。常见的用it作形式主语的句型: (1)It is/was+形容词(important,vital,unfair...)+that从句; (2)It is/was+a(n)+单数名词(pity,shame,honor,fact,surprise...)+that从句; (3)It is/was+过去分词(said,reported,intended...)+that从句; (4)It+不及物动词(appear,happen...)+that从句。 2.对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句,可以使用形式主语代替主语从句,也可直接在句首使用主语从句。 Whether Tom will attend the opening ceremony remains to be seen.=It remains to be seen whether Tom will attend the opening ceremony.汤姆是否会来参加开幕式还不得而知。 3.如果句子是疑问句,则必须用带形式主语it的结构。 Is it true that he is the girl’s father?他是那个女孩的父亲,是真的吗?

　　典例　 worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.? A.This B.That C.What D.It 【解析】句意:他不停地改变他的想法,这让我很烦恼。本句中the way he keeps changing his mind是真正的主语,应用it作形式主语。 【答案】 D

　　宾语从句 ?宾语从句的引导词 1.连词that引导由陈述句变来的宾语从句。that...and/but that...引导由并列或转折关系的陈述句变来的宾语从句。 I know (that) he is a teacher.我知道他是个老师。 I hear that your father is a singer and that your mother is a dancer.我听说你的父亲是一名歌唱家,你的母亲是一名舞蹈家。 2.连词if或whether引导由一般疑问句、反义疑问句或选择疑问句变来的宾语从句。 Could you tell me if/whether it snows in winter in Australia?你能不能告诉我澳大利亚冬季是否下雪? 3.连接代词、副词(即疑问词)引导由特殊疑问句变来的宾语从句。 Please tell me how you go to school.请告诉我你怎样去学校。

　　?宾语从句中连词that的省略 that引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时,不可省略,但在宾语从句中that通常可以省略。但是当两个that引导的宾语从句由连词and连接时,第一个that可以省略,后面的并列宾语从句中的连词that不可省略。 I noticed (that) he spoke English fluently and that he often helped others with their English.我注意到他说英语很流利,并且经常帮助他人学英语。 ?宾语从句的语序和时态 1.宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 Do you know where Tom lives?你知道汤姆住在哪里吗? 2.宾语从句的时态有以下几种情况。 (1)如果主句为一般现在时,则宾语从句时态不受限制,根据实际情况使用所需要的时态。 I hear Joan left for Beijing yesterday.我听说琼昨天去北京了。 I hear Joan has left for Beijing.我听说琼已经去北京了。 I hear Joan will leave for Beijing.我听说琼将要去北京。

　　(2)如果主句为一般过去时,则宾语从句的时态只能用过去的某种时态。 Kate said she was watching TV this time yesterday.凯特说她昨天的这个时候正在看电视。 Kate said she was going to school soon.凯特说她马上去上学。 Kate said she had seen the film before.凯特说她已经看过那部电影了。 (3)如果宾语从句讲述的是客观真理或普遍事实,则无论主句用何种时态,宾语从句都用一般现在时。 Miss Hu told us that the earth goes around the sun.胡老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。 (4)如果宾语从句是由when引导的从句或带有时间状语的从句,则when引导的从句或时间状语从句中的时态不变。 The teacher wanted to know when the girl was born.老师想要知道这个女孩的出生日期。 Tom said he had worked here since he left school.汤姆说他自从离开学校后,就在这工作了。 (5)如果宾语从句中含有过去具体的年、月、日,则其时态保持不变。 I know Lucy was born in 1986.我知道露西出生于1986年。

　　?it作形式宾语的宾语从句 1.find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等动词后面接that引导的宾语从句,从句后面有宾语补足语时,通常在谓语动词后使用形式宾语it,而将真正的宾语放在句末。 I think it best that you should stay here.我觉得你最好就待在这里。 ◆特别提醒 若宾语从句是由wh-词引导的,则通常不用it作形式宾语,而是直接使用宾语从句。 This letter makes clear what was implied in the address.这封信说清楚了那个演讲词的含义。

　　2.that从句不可作介词宾语(in,but,except除外)。如果要作介词宾语,就得用it作形式宾语。常见的有此类用法的有depend on,rely on,count on,see to,look to,insist on等。 You can depend on it that he will come on time.他会按时来的,这点你放心。 Look to it that this won’t happen again.要注意这种事不要再发生了。 3.有些及物动词需要用that从句作宾语时,不直接与宾语从句连用,而是使用形式宾语,如have it that,take it that,take it for granted that,can’t help it that等。 Rumors have it that the school was burned down.有传言说学校被烧掉了。 We can’t help it that things went so badly.事情搞得如此糟糕,我们也没办法。

　　典例1　(2024·北京高考)Experts believe people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.? A.Why

　　B.where

　　C.that

　　D.what 【解析】句意:专家们相信人们只在必要的时候购物就会浪费更少的食物。动词believe之后为宾语从句,从句陈述一个事实,结构完整,不缺少成分,故选用that。 【答案】 C 典例2　(2011·江西高考)Why don’t you bring to his attention that you’re too ill to work on?? A.that

　　B.it

　　C.his D.him 【解析】句意:为什么你不让他注意到你病得太严重了以至于不能继续工作下去?it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面that引导的宾语从句。因此选B项。 【答案】 B

　　?宾语从句的连接词that不能省略的几种情况 1.宾语从句前有插入语。 We hope,on the contrary,that he will stay at home with us.恰恰相反,我们希望他和我们待在家里。 2.有间接宾语时。 He told me that he was leaving for Japan.他告诉我他要动身去日本了。 3.that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后。 He said (that) the book was very interesting and that all the children like to read it.他说那本书很有趣,所有小孩都喜欢读。 4.在“it(形式宾语)+补语”之后时。 I think it necessary that he should stay here.我们认为他有必要留在这里。

　　5.that从句单独回答问题时。 —What did he hear?他听说了什么事? —That Kate had passed the exam.(他听说)凯特考试及格了。 6.在except等介词后。 He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。 7.位于句首时。 That our team will win,I believe.我相信我们队会赢。

　　表语从句和同位语从句 ?表语从句 1.表语从句的引导词 (1)一般来说,可用于引导主语从句的引导词也可用于引导表语从句。that引导表语从句时通常不省略,但在口语或非正式文体中有时也可省略。 The only pity is that I missed the beginning of the movie.唯一的遗憾就是我错过了这部影片的开头。 (2)从属连词as if,as though,because,why等也能引导表语从句。 It seemed as if the world was at an end!世界似乎到了末日! ◆特别提醒 because引导的表语从句,主语不能是reason或cause。since和as不能引导表语从句。

　　2.That’s why...与That’s because...。 “That’s why+表语从句”陈述结果,意为“这就是……的原因”;“That is because+表语从句”陈述原因,意为“这是因为……”。 He caught a bad cold yesterday.That’s (the reason) why he is absent from school today.他昨天得了重感冒,所以今天没来上学。(第一句说明原因,第二句说明结果) He is absent from school today.That’s because he caught a bad cold yesterday.他今天没来上学,这是因为他昨天得了重感冒。(第一句说明结果,第二句说明原因)

　　典例1　(2024·安徽高考)A ship in harbor is safe,but that’s not ships are built for.? A.what B.whom C.why D.when 【解析】句意:船停放在海港里是很安全的,但这并非建造船的目的。分析句子可知,表语从句中的for后缺少宾语,应用what引导。what与for连用,表示目的。故选A项。 【答案】 A 典例2　(2024·北京高考)The best moment for the football star was he scored the winning goal.? A.where B.when C.how D.why 【解析】根据题干前半部分中的moment一词推断,后面应该说的是“……的时候”,所以本题选B项。 【答案】 B

　　?同位语从句 1.同位语从句的引导词。 当名词后面所接的从句表示与名词同位并为名词的实际内容时,这个从句就是同位语从句。同位语从句的引导词一般不能省略。 (1)名词answer,belief,conclusion,decision,discovery,explanation,fact,hope,idea,information,knowledge,law,message,news,no doubt,opinion,order,possibility,promise,proof,proposal,report,risk,rumor,story,suggestion,truth,theory,thought,wish,word等接that引导的同位语从句,说明前面名词的具体内容。 I’m bothered by the thought that I might not have a job next year.一想到我明年可能没工作,我就烦。 They forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometers from coast to coast.他们忘了一个事实,那就是,加拿大从东海岸到西海岸长5500公里。

　　(2)名词doubt,problem,question接whether(不能用if)引导的同位语从句表示疑问,此时还可以根据句意用when,how,where,who等引导这个从句。 (3)表示“命令,建议,要求”等含义的名词,如advice,demand,decision,desire,idea,insistence,instruction,order,plan,proposal,recommendation,request,requirement,suggestion,wish等,其同位语从句须用虚拟语气。

　　典例1　The fact has worried many scientists the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.? A.what B.which C.that D.though 【解析】句意:近年来地球气候逐渐变暖,很多科学家已经为此担忧。先行词是the fact,故用that引导同位语从句说明fact的具体内容。 【答案】 C 典例2　—It’s thirty years since we last met. —But I still remember the story,believe it or not, we got lost on a rainy night.? A.which B.that C.what D.when 【解析】that引导同位语从句,在从句中不作任何成分,解释说明story的具体内容。 【答案】 B

　　2.同位语从句与定语从句的区别。 连词that引导同位语从句时,应放在某些抽象名词之后,如fact,hope,desire,thought等,对前面的名词起补充说明的作用,连词that只起引导同位语从句的作用,在从句中不担当任何成分,因此that引导的同位语从句是完整的,不缺任何成分。 关系代词that引导定语从句时,that一方面起引导定语从句的作用,另一方面,that在定语从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。因此,that引导的定语从句是残缺的。 The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.我们的足球队赢得了比赛的消息令人振奋。(同位语从句,不缺任何成分) The news (that) we heard on the radio was not true.我们从收音机上听到的消息是不实的。(定语从句,缺少宾语)

　　一、单句填空 1.After six hours’ drive,they finally reached they thought was the place they had been dreaming of.? 1.what。reach是及物动词,其后跟宾语从句,从句中缺少主语,因此应使用连接代词,此处表示“……的那个地方”,应该使用连接代词what,相当于the place that。 2.This still leaves the question of local public services should be improved in the next five years.? 2.how。句意:留下来的问题是当地的公共服务在接下来的五年内应该怎么改进。此处引导的是介词of的宾语从句,从句中缺少方式状语,故应用连接副词how引导宾语从句。 3.It suddenly hit him he had left his umbrella in the taxi on his way home.? 3.that。句意:他突然想起在回家的路上他把雨伞忘在出租车上了。在It suddenly hit him that...句型中it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的从句。

　　4.The award should be given to makes great contributions to the film industry.? 4.whoever。句意:这个奖项应该授予任何对电影产业做出巨大贡献的人。此处用于引导宾语从句,作介词to的宾语,表示“任何……的人”,故应用连接代词whoever引导宾语从句。 5.Jacob is always ready to offer a helping hand and that’s he has a good reputation.? 5.why。句意:雅各布总是乐于助人,所以他声誉颇佳。此处用于引导表语从句,在表语从句中陈述结果,故应该使用连接副词why引导表语从句。 6.Some college students are doing work they can find to support themselves.? 6.whatever。句意:有些大学生正在做任何他们能够找到的工作来供养自己。设空处引导的是宾语从句,表示“任何……”,故用连接代词whatever来引导宾语从句。在此处whatever work相当于any work that。

　　7.Whenever a natural disaster happens,we should offer help we could to those victims.? 7.whatever。句意:当灾难发生时,我们应该提供任何可能的帮助给那些受害者。所填词引导宾语从句,作offer的宾语,表示“任何……”,故用连接代词whatever来引导宾语从句。在此处whatever help相当于any help that。 8.The 4G cellphone must be of great use and convenience to wants to get the information from the Internet quickly.? 8.whoever。句意:4G手机对于那些想要快速获取网络信息的人来说一定是非常方便实用的。whoever引导的宾语从句作介词to的宾语,且whoever在宾语从句中作主语,相当于anyone who。 9.It doesn’t matter how many times you fail; matters is how many times you stand up and try again.? 9.what。句意:你失败了多少次并不重要;重要的是你又站起来并尝试了多少次。此处引导主语从句,又在从句中作主语,应用what。

　　10.It remains to be seenthe newly-employed secretary is fit for the job.? 10.whether。句意:新来的秘书能否胜任这份工作还有待观察。it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的主语从句。分析句子结构可知,主语从句中不缺少主干成分,结合句意可知应填whether,表示“是否”。 11.We are strongly against the company’s decision it will fire half of its staff in the following year.? 11.that。句意:我们强烈反对公司将在来年解雇一半员工的决定。此处应用that引导同位语从句解释说明decision的内容。 12. shocks the audience in the film Back to 1942 is the great suffering the famine(饥荒) brought to Henan people.? 12.What。句意:电影《1942》让观众震撼的是大饥荒给河南人民带来的巨大苦难。空处引导主语从句并在从句中作主语,应用what。 13.You can complain,but I doubt it will make any difference.? 13.whether。句意:你可以抱怨,但是我怀疑这是否会起作用。此处doubt后接宾语从句,表示“是否”,故应使用whether引导宾语从句。 14.As many as ten courses are provided,and we’re free to choosesuits us best.? 14.whichever/which。宾语从句中缺少主语,所以用连接代词;再根据“As many as ten courses are provided”可知,所提供的科目有一定的范围,所以用whichever或which引导此宾语从句。 15.After a long journey,those young men reached they called the paradise.? 15.what。句意:经过长途跋涉后,这些年轻人终于到达了他们称之为天堂的地方。空处引导宾语从句,作reached的宾语,从句中缺少called的宾语,故应该用what引导宾语从句,相当于the place that...。

　　二、语法填空 Today I spent time talking to an old friend about some of the 1.(choose) that we have made in our lives.We both agree that life has 2.(basic) been good to us.And we are very appreciative of what we have been blessed with.? Today I would like you to think 3. your journey and where you see yourself in the next five years.Do you see that you have become exactly who you set out to be?If you are like me,you are working daily on those goals.I work on my goals because I am 4.(excite) about that opportunity.? 5.,I do realize that sometimes life can get in the way of our goals.I remember when my friend 6.(decide) to buy her first home,she was ready and had everything 7. (line) up.But during this time her father died and she had to move home 8.(help) take care of her mother.Her goal was delayed,but she didn’t give it up completely.And that’s exactly 9. key to this all.In order to achieve your goals you have to keep 10.(work) on them.?