湖北省黄冈市2024高考英语阅读理解及信息匹配选练（1）

　　（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

　　根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　Obtaining Fresh Water from Icebergs

　　The idea of getting fresh water from icebergs that are moved to populated areas or places was once treated as a joke. Recently, scientists have warned that the human race will outgrow its fresh water supply faster than it runs out of food.___71___

　　Glaciers are a possible source of fresh water that has been overlooked until recently. __72__It contains fresh water so much that it could sustain(维持) all the rivers of the world for 1,000 years. Huge glaciers that stretch over the shallow continental shelf give birth to icebergs throughout the year.__73__ However, they are formed entirely on land, breaking off when glaciers spread over the sea. As they drift away from the polar region, icebergs sometimes move mysteriously in a direction opposite to the wind. Because they melt more slowly than smaller pieces of ice, icebergs have been known to drift as far north as 35 degrees south of the equator(赤道) in the Atlantic Ocean. __74__ The difficulty exists such as its rapid melting in warmer climates. __75__

　　A. Icebergs are not like sea ice, which is formed when the sea itself freezes.

　　B. Now it is being considered quite serious by many nations.

　　C. 7,659 trillion metric tons of ice are floating on the sea every year.

　　D. But the water they could provide would be far cheaper than that produced.

　　E. To move them to dry parts of the world would not be too difficult.

　　F. It is not a dream to get water from icebergs.

　　G. Three-quarters of the Earth’s fresh water supply is still tied up in glacial ice.

　　【参考答案】71—75、BGAED

　　【2024高考英语模拟试题】

　　根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　When we're young children, many of us seem to have little trouble making new friends.__71__As adults, we tend to become more guarded with new people and have less time to devote to friendships. Consequently, most of us find it much harder to make new friends.

　　If you've never experienced a close friendship, even as a child, you may find it even harder.But we all need and want good friends, even those of us who may sometimes pretend otherwise.

　　The need for friends is instinctual(本能的). Our survival used to depend on having friends to hunt and find food with, to help us build shelter and keep our families safe.__72__They add meaning to life.They help you enjoy the good times and overcome the difficult ones.

　　While strong relationships－with friends can be a huge source of fun and pleasure, they are also important for your physical and emotional health.

　　Good friends can：

　　●__73__

　　Even if it’s just having someone to share your problems with, friends can help you cope with serious illness, the loss of a job or loved one, the breakup of a relationship, or any other challenge in life.

　　●Help you to reach your goals.

　　Whether you’re trying to get fit, give up smoking, or otherwise improve your life, encouragement from a friend can really boost your willpower.__74__

　　●Improve your mood. Happiness can be infectious.__75__

　　●Reduce stress and depression.Having an active social life can benefit your immune system and help reduce isolation, a major factor for depression.

　　A.

　　Friendships take time to form and even more time to deepen.

　　B. Provide support when you're going through tough times.

　　C. But as we age, friendships grow and develop differently.

　　D. Spending time with positive friends can be happy.

　　E. Yet they are less important nowadays.

　　F. It also increases your chances of success.

　　G. Today，good friends are just as important.

　　【参考答案】71－75　CGBFD

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation(感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.

　　Psychologists have known that one person’s perception(感知) of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth“mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.

　　Feelings of “warmth” and“coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.

　　To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses(假设), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form. The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.

　　“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.

　　1. According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by　.　

　　A. the visitors to his office

　　B. the psychology lessons he has

　　C. his physical feeling of coldness

　　D. the things he has bought online

　　2. The author mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that　.　

　　A. adults should develop social skills

　　B. babies need warm physical contact

　　C. caregivers should be healthy adults

　　D. monkeys have social relationships

　　3. In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to　.　

　　A. evaluate someone’s personality

　　B. write down their hypotheses

　　C. fill out a personal information form

　　D. hold coffee and cold drink alternatively

　　4. We can infer from the passage that　.　

　　A. abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences

　　B. feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide

　　C. physical temperature affects how we see others

　　D. capable persons are often cold to others

　　5. What would be the best title for the passage?

　　A. Drinking for Better Social Relationships.

　　B. Experiments of Personality Evaluation.

　　C. Developing Better Drinking Habits.

　　D. Physical Sensations and Emotions.

　　【参考答案】1—5、CBACD

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　For many of us, aspirin, one of the most common nonprescription drugs, is a constant companion. It is the most effective drug that we have, and if we eliminated all but three drugs, aspirin would definitely be one of the three drugs we should keep. Even with all the new drugs available, it still has a place in many of our medicine cabinets, as a “miracle drug” in its ability to fight pain and inflammation (炎症) and even more amazing in its ability to reduce heart attack and stroke risk.

　　Aspirin is the first member of a class of substances called non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs非甾体抗炎药). These drugs reduce pain, fever and inflammation, and are used to treat a variety of conditions. Many believe that aspirin has many benefits not yet fully understood. Media reports on the use of aspirin to prevent or treat diseases such as heart attacks and cancer leave many people struggling to keep all the facts straight. Others who cannot tolerate aspirin might feel a bit left out as new uses and benefits of aspirin continue to appear in the news.

　　In all cases, more researches are needed to determine what benefits aspirin may provide and whether these benefits would outweigh the potential side effects. Aspirin, for example, is known to cause gastrointestinal (胃肠的) bleeding with heavy use, and there is research that indicates an increased risk of bleeding-related stroke in people who use it regularly. In some cases, these reactions can be killers. Another potentially deadly problem is aspirin poisoning and most people don’t know about it.

　　Before you start taking any of these over-the-counter (不需处方也可出售的) drugs on a long-term basis, it’s a good idea to discuss it with your health care provider.

　　1. From the second paragraph we know　.

　　A. Humans have fully understood the benefits of aspirin.

　　B. Aspirin is the only member of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

　　C. Not every one of us can take aspirin.

　　D. Aspirin can be used to stop bleeding.

　　2. What’s the third paragraph mainly about?

　　A. Many researches about aspirin.

　　B. Aspirin’s side effects.

　　C. New uses of aspirin.

　　D. The unknown aspects about aspirin.

　　3. The underlined word in the first paragraph means　.

　　A. kept 　B. saved

　　C. investigatedD. removed

　　4. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

　　A. Aspirin can cure us of most diseases.

　　B. Aspirin is important in reducing pain and heart attack.

　　C. The side effects of aspirin outweigh its benefits.

　　D. We can buy some aspirin and take it immediately if we don’t feel well.

　　【参考答案】1—4、CBDB

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　Are you nervous about climbing because you think it's too dangerous? Do you feel you're not fit enough to climb? Do you know how to start climbing?

　　Let's consider the idea that climbing is dangerous．Being afraid is natural, but if you use suitable ropes and other climbing equipments you will feel completely safe．Climbers are usually very careful because they know what they are doing is dangerous．Accidents happen, but when they do, they tend to attract a lot of publicity．As a result, people think there are many more accidents than there are in reality．

　　You cannot expect to start climbing straight away．Climbing is a challenge and challenges take time．It is necessary first of all that you achieve a good level of fitness．Begin as soon as you become interested in climbing ?go to the gym, go swimming, take up jogging and continue to do so throughout your training period．

　　Discover as much as you can about climbing．Visit the library and find book, especially for beginners or buy climbing magazines and look for articles which describe your situation．Look up information on the Internet．Find out about equipment, methods and places to go．

　　Next, take a course on a climbing wall．There are plenty of climbing walls all over the country which have trained and qualified people as instructors．Call your local leisure center to find out if there is one in your area. These training sessions are a quick way to get experience and you are likely to meet other beginners. After this, you can do an outside course of join a club where you can meet climbers of all abilities and eventually join in group-climbing events.

　　At first you may not understand the importance of a good training period, but after you have completed your first climb and you are standing safely at the top of a rock feeling thrilled, then you will know it was the right thing to do.

　　1．The article is written by

　　.

　　A．a doctor

　　B．an experienced climber

　　C．a beginner

　　D．a fitness instructor

　　2．The writer thinks a new climber should

　　.

　　A．begin by becoming fit

　　B．have the courage to meet the challenges

　　C．be aware of the causes of the accidents

　　D．do enough sports to get interested in climbing

　　3．By climbing walls you can

　　.

　　A．join a club you like

　　B．gain controlled experience

　　C．become qualified instructors

　　D．take part in group-climbing events

　　4．The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph probably means

　　.

　　A．the climb B．the training C．the equipment D．the achievement

　　【参考答案】BABB

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　Is early childhood education really necessary? Early childhood education primarily focuses on learning through playing to develop the child’s physical, sensory, communicational and social development．Early childhood education has become a concern of the government, who pushes poor children to be formally trained before they are old enough for kindergarten．

　　There are good reasons for the government to push early childhood education．Studies have shown that orphaned children who did not receive good care and education become developmentally delayed causing failure in school, and even in life．Further studies show that poor children who take part in Head Start programs are more prepared for school, less likely to end up in Special Education classes, and are less likely to receive public help or go to prison．

　　There are also negative parts to putting a child in formal education programs too early．Time Magazine online explains that “the younger the child the less his chances of catching up with first-grade work．” I have personally witnessed many children of my generation who went to Head Start programs become frustrated and bored with school before they finished high school．Yet parents have been sure that the earlier the child starts school, the better off he or she is, so they push to start children earlier．

　　Actually while early formal education of poor children does show great gains in the early elementary years, studies also show that this head start is really a “false start”, as the gains are lost in middle and high school years．It seems that environment is a bigger factor on life’s success than early education．Head Start programs have not achieved its original goal in closing the achievement gap in poor and middle school children．Perhaps it is time to find other ways to close that gap．

　　1. The purpose of the government valuing the early childhood education is ________．

　　A．to develop the children’s communication

　　B．to give orphaned children good care and education

　　C．to get the children prepared for the kindergarten

　　D．to train the children formally and regularly

　　2. According to the studies, which of the following is True?