专题能力训练十五　阅读理解(六)

　　　能力升级训练第47页　?

　　A

　　(2024·安徽黄山第三次质检)

　　Ever since we got it,I always thought it pretty.My dad brought it home after buying it from a friend and as I saw it pull up under that blue outside lamp,I felt my mouth drop open in excitement.The truck wasn’t for me of course.It was Dad’s going to work.

　　As I neared the truck,Daddy invited me to go with him around the block for a test drive.What an adventure! As he turned the key in the ignition(点火装置),it started.As Dad took it around the block,I closed my eyes and took in a deep breath to remember the scent and feel of it.I glanced over at Dad to see him behind the wheel with a grin(咧嘴笑)stretching all the way across his face.

　　Although it didn’t get very good gas mileage(每英里汽油耗量),it was fun for Daddy to drive.He would drive it everywhere.To the school to pick up kids,to the store,to work,or just on a drive,he loved that truck.There was one summer that I particularly remember:it was time to cut down old,dead trees.My dad and brothers worked hard getting the stump(树桩) free of the branches.Then the hard part began.Daddy wrapped a metal chain around the stump,got in the truck and pulled out the stump with little trouble.However,as he was pulling it out,he ran over my mama’s newly planted tree.We loaded that stump up in the bed of the truck and got it to the yard.I was sitting by Daddy,my older brother was sitting next to me on the bench seats and my younger brother sat in the back seat.

　　Riding in the truck was always fun when I was with Dad,but now that I drive it,I can keep Daddy close everywhere even when I travel.No matter how far away I go,I will always have a little bit of Daddy with me.

　　1.We can learn from the text that 　.?

　　A.the author’s father bought him a new truck

　　B.the author’s father was delighted when testing the truck

　　C.the author was a little disappointed at the beginning

　　D.the author wanted to drive the truck very much

　　答案:B

　　解析:细节理解题。根据第二段最后可知,爸爸在试车时一直咧嘴笑,说明他十分兴奋。

　　2.When dealing with the stump,　.?

　　A.they had great trouble pulling it out

　　B.the author helped his father dig it out

　　C.the author’s dad used his truck to pull it out

　　D.the author’s dad drove his truck and ran down the old tree

　　答案:C

　　解析:细节理解题。根据第三段可知,作者的爸爸是用他的卡车把树桩拔起来的。

　　3.How many people were there in the author’s family at least then?

　　A.Five. B.Six.

　　C.Seven. D.Three.

　　答案:A

　　解析:推理判断题。根据第三段可知,作者家里的人有作者本人、作者父母及my older brother,my younger brother,故其全家至少五口人。

　　4.The author wrote the text to remember 　.?

　　A.his father’s giving him the truck later

　　B.the day when he first saw the new truck

　　C.his father’s driving him to cut down trees

　　D.the fun of sitting next to his father in the truck

　　答案:D

　　解析:写作意图题。通读全文尤其是最后一段不难看出,作者写这篇文章重点描述其坐在父亲的车里的快乐。

　　B

　　(2024·昆明质检)

　　Spring peepers are found in wooded areas and grassy lowlands near pools in the central and eastern parts of Canada and the United States.These loud animals are rarely seen,but as temperatures begin to rise in March and April,the males certainly are heard.Their peep...peep... peep creates an other-worldly whistling sound that is the first sign of spring,compared with that of some birds.

　　Spring peepers are brown in color with dark lines that form an X on their backs.They grow to about 1.5 inches(3.8 centimeters) in length,and have large special toes for climbing.These creatures are active at night,coming out to feed on ants,beetles,flies,and spiders.

　　When the warmer weather arrives,male frogs attempt to attract a mate with a spring song.The frogs normally perform in singing.The one who starts each round usually has the deepest voice.The “vocal sacs” under their mouths allow the frogs to “sing”.They fill their vocal sacs with air until they look like a balloon,and then they let out a “peep” as they release the air.They “peep” about once every second.These sounds can often be heard as far as a half-mile away.

　　After a female peeper mates with a male peeper,the female lays her eggs in water and spends the remainder of the year in the forest.During the winter,they sleep under logs or behind loose bark on trees.The music dies down during the cold months,but the sounds of peepers will soon be heard again,sounding the coming of spring.

　　【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了春雨蛙的栖息地、叫声、外貌特征及生活习性等,重点介绍了春雨蛙的独特叫声。

　　5.The text is written mainly to 　.?

　　A.tell people what spring peepers look like

　　B.let people know more about spring peepers

　　C.explain why spring peepers sing

　　D.show environmental harmony in nature

　　答案:B

　　解析:写作意图题。本文主要介绍了春雨蛙的栖息地、独特的叫声、外貌特征及生活习性等,作者想通过该文让我们对春雨蛙有更多的了解,因此选择B项。

　　6.What can we know about the spring peepers from the text?

　　A.They prefer to live in the dry areas in North America.

　　B.They are the first animals to make sounds in spring.

　　C.They can live both in water and on land.

　　D.They are active during the cold months of the year.

　　答案:C

　　解析:推理判断题。根据第一段第一句中的 “Spring peepers are found in wooded areas and grassy lowlands near pools” 及最后一段中的 “the female lays her eggs in water” 可知,春雨蛙是水陆两栖动物。因此选C项。

　　7.What does the underlined word “release” in Paragraph 3 mean?

　　A.Turn out. B.Break out.

　　C.Leave out. D.Let out.

　　答案:D

　　解析:词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的 “They fill their vocal sacs with air until they look like a balloon” 可知,春雨蛙会将声囊中充入空气直至它们看起来像个气球,当它们释放空气的时候就会发出 “peep” 声,因此画线词应意为 “释放”。let out “放出,释放”,符合题意,故选D项。

　　8.The best title for this text might be 　.?

　　A.The Ring of Tiny Frogs in Spring

　　B.The Relationship Between Animals and Seasons

　　C.The Living Conditions of Spring Peepers

　　D.The Invitation from a Male Peeper

　　答案:A

　　解析:主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了春雨蛙,它的最大特征就是春天到来时发出独特的叫声,因此A项为最佳标题。

　　C

　　(2024·大连第一次模拟)

　　Music lessons in early childhood bring about changes in the brain that could improve its performance far into adulthood,researchers say.

　　Brain scans of young adults showed those who had formal musical training before the age of seven had thicker brain areas dealing with hearing and self-awareness.

　　The findings note how brain development can be influenced by the age when children start to learn a musical instrument,and how those changes can continue into later life.

　　“Early musical training benefits kids more than just making them enjoy music.It changes the brain,which could bring about cognitive(认知的) advances as well,”said Yunxin Wang of Beijing Normal University.

　　“Our results suggest it’s better to start musical training before the age of seven,which agrees with what most piano teachers recommend,”she added.She hoped the results might help parents decide when was the best for their children to learn an instrument.

　　The brain’s cortex(皮层) plays a leading role in one’s abilities,from thought and language to memory and attention.The area matures rapidly in the early years of life,and its development could be affected more if a person starts musical training before it fully matures.

　　Wang studied 48 Chinese students aged between 19 and 21 who had received formal music training for at least a year sometime between the ages of 3 and 15.Each had a scan to measure the thickness of the brain’s cortex.

　　After considering sex and the number of years spent having music lessons,Wang found that musical training that started before the age of seven appeared to thicken areas of the brain involved in language skills and executive function,which is a person’s ability to plan and accomplish tasks.

　　“We’re not sure why these changes occur,but a reasonable explanation is that early starters might depend more on hearing clues(线索) when learning music,since it might be more difficult for younger children to read music,”Wang said.

　　【语篇导读】本文一篇议论文。北京师范大学的一项研究发现,儿童早期的音乐训练可以提高成年时的脑力,这一发现强调孩提时期的乐器学习如何对大脑发展产生影响以及这些影响是如何在日后生活中延续的。

　　9.According to the researchers,musical training before the age of seven can 　.?

　　A.contribute to future work B.create a successful life

　　C.develop all-round abilities D.deal with puzzling problems

　　答案:A

　　解析:推理判断题。根据文章第二、三、四段可知,7岁之前有过正规音乐训练的人,处理听力和自我意识的大脑区域会相对更厚,而且这些变化能延续到以后的生活中。故选A项。

　　10.When conducting the research with the students,Wang 　.?

　　A.tested their language abilities

　　B.watched their musical performances

　　C.focused on school behavior and achievements

　　D.measured the thickness of the brain’s cortex

　　答案:D

　　解析:细节理解题。根据第七段中的 “Each had a scan to measure the thickness of the brain’s cortex.” 可知,选择D项。

　　11.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that 　.?

　　A.it must be hard for kids to read music

　　B.kids are more likely to learn music by hearing

　　C.Wang’s explanation has been the most reasonable

　　D.Wang will research into the reasons for the brain change

　　答案:B

　　解析:推理判断题。最后一段说不确定为什么会出现这些变化,但有一个合理的解释,那就是儿童早期学习音乐的时候可能很难读音乐,于是他们更多地依靠自己的听觉线索,也就是说,孩子们更可能通过听觉来学音乐,因此选B项。

　　12.For what purpose does the author write the text?

　　A.To describe the development of brain.

　　B.To challenge the previous discoveries.

　　C.To present the findings of the research.

　　D.To give advice on how to learn music.

　　答案:C

　　解析:写作意图题。本文主要是关于研究人员对于孩子早期学习音乐对大脑发育的研究的介绍,因此本文的写作意图就是介绍一项研究的成果,因此选C项。

　　D

　　People in old times built simple bridges with tree trunks and stone to cross small streams and rivers.Throughout human history mankind has looked to develop new and better ways of crossing water and valleys.The army of Persian king Xerxes Ⅰ crossed the Dardenelles strait to attack ancient Greece in 480 BC by using a bridge formed by hundreds of boats tied together.The Romans had earlier managed to cross the River Tiber with the wooden bridge known as Pons Sublicus.

　　Leonardo Da Vinci was born in 1452 and his inventions would later change the world completely.As he entered his 50th year,Da Vinci designed a bridge to cross the Bosporus.The 240-metre bridge was planned to connect the two shores of the Golden Horn in Istanbul.However,the project was cancelled as the king’s advisers did not believe the unusual structure could be successfully built.Five centuries later,artist Vebjorn Sand created a smaller version of the bridge using wood to cross a motorway five kilometres outside of Oslo.

　　The Tianjin Eye is an enormous Ferris wheel(摩天轮) above the Yongle Bridge,which runs across the Hai River in Tianjin,China.It is 110-metres high and has 48 passenger cars.The structure offers wonderful views of the city,which is one of the main tourist attractions in China.It is said to be the only Ferris wheel to have ever been built above a bridge and it is the fourth highest in the world.

　　Among London bridges the most curious of all is the Rolling Bridge in Paddington.It was designed by architect Thomas Heatherwick and was opened in 2004.The bridge curls up,as if it was a snake,every Friday at midday,becoming an octagonal sculpture(八角形塑镜).In 2005,the bridge won the British Structural Steel Design Award.

　　13.How did the Persian king build the bridge to attack ancient Greece?

　　A.With tree trunks and stone.

　　B.By putting hundreds of boats together.

　　C.With large amount of wood.

　　D.By putting stones up.

　　答案:B

　　解析:细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“...to attack ancient Greece ...by using a bridge formed by hundreds of boats tied together.”可知,波斯军队是用连接战船的方法搭建栈桥,对希腊军队展开进攻的。

　　14.Why was the Bosporus Bridge project cancelled?

　　A.Because the bridge would connect two shores.

　　B.Because the project was too unusual.

　　C.Because the bridge was thought impossible to build.

　　D.Because it would use too much wood.

　　答案:C

　　解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...the project was cancelled as the king’s advisers did not believe the unusual structure could be successfully built.”可知,当时国王的顾问们认为这个项目难以成功实施,因此废弃。故选C项。

　　15.What is the function of the Tianjin Eye?

　　A.It is one the highest Ferris wheel in the world.

　　B.People will cross the river in the passenger cars.

　　C.People can have full views of the whole city.

　　D.Tourists across the country have been attracted to the Tianjin Eye.

　　答案:C

　　解析:细节理解题。根据第三段关于“天津眼”的介绍可知,人们乘坐摩天轮是为了一览城市风光,因此选B项。

　　16.What can we infer from the passage?

　　A.Thomas Heatherwick’s design was very creative.

　　B.Leonard Da Vinci’s bridge design was very successful.

　　C.Vebjorn Sand carried out Da Vinci’s project 50 years later.

　　D.The bridge is the most important inventions in the world.

　　答案:A

　　解析:推理判断题。与文章中介绍的其他桥梁相比较,“滚桥”的设计出人意料,别具特色,因此说Thomas Heatherwick的设计很有创新性。

　　E

　　George Herman Ruth was born in Baltimore,Maryland in 1895.He suffered a lot from the hard life in childhood when his parents died.At the age of eight,he was sent to live at Saint Mary’s industrial school for boys,where he was taught how to play baseball.

　　By the age of 18,George was an excellent baseball player.In 1914,he was introduced to Jack Dunn,manager of the Baltimore Orioles minor league baseball team(职棒小联盟队).He liked the young man very much.The older Orioles’ players joked about the new young player.They called him,“Dunn’s babe”.The young baseball player became known forever as Babe Ruth.

　　In later years of his career,he proved to be an outstanding baseball player.In 1920,he hit 59 home runs(全垒打).Babe Ruth’s baseball skill and friendly nature made him famous across the country and around the world.