必修3 Unit 4（1）

　　Unit 4　Astronomy：the science of the stars　

　　1．astronomy(n.)天文学

　　2．system(n.)系统；体系；制度

　　3．theory(n.)学说；理论

　　4．atmosphere(n.)大气层；气氛

　　5．fundamental(adj.)基本的；基础的

　　6．thus(adv.)因此；于是

　　7．puzzle(vt.& vi.)(使)迷惑；(使)为难

　　　(n.)谜；难题

　　8．gentle(adj.)温和的；文雅的

　　9．crash(vi.& vt.)碰撞；坠落

　　10．pull(n.& vt.)拉(力)；拖；牵引力

　　11．float(vi.& vt.)(使)浮动；(使)漂浮

　　(n.)漂浮物

　　12．violent(adj.)猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence(n.)暴力→violently(adv.)暴力地；猛烈地

　　13．unlike(prep.)不同；不像→like(vt.)喜欢；(prep.)相像的→likely(adj.)可能的

　　14．harmful(adj.)有害的→harm(n.& v．)伤害→harmless (adj.)无害的

　　15．exist(vi.)存在；生存→existence (n.)存在；生存

　　1．prevent...from...　阻止……

　　2．lay_eggs下蛋

　　3．in_one’s_turn轮到某人；接着

　　4．get_the_hang_of熟悉；掌握；理解

　　5．watch_out密切注视；当心；提防

　　6．depend_on依靠

　　7．in_time及时，终于

　　8．give_birth_to产生；分娩

　　9．cheer_up感到高兴；感到振奋

　　10．now_that既然

　　11．break_out突发；爆发

　　1．What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down，water began to appear on its surface.

　　更为重要的是，当地球冷却下来时水开始在地球表面出现了。

　　名师指津：what引导主语从句。

　　例句仿写：她告诉我，那个时候她需要的就是一些好运气。

　　What_was_needed at that time，she told me，was some good luck.

　　2．The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.

　　地球变得如此激烈动荡以至于不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。

　　名师指津：whether...or not是否……

　　例句仿写：他们是否能够通过交流达成协议还不清楚。

　　It’s not clear whether they are able to arrive at an agreement through communication or_not.

　　3．But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.

　　而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。

　　名师指津：“twice as＋形容词原级＋as”是倍数表达法之一。

　　例句仿写：仔细研究地图后，我发现这个村庄是那个村庄的两倍大。

　　I find this village is twice_as_large_as that one after studying the map carefully.

　　4．This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.

　　这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。

　　名师指津：句中的it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语to develop。

　　例句仿写：这两个女孩长得很像，陌生人很难把她们区分开。

　　The two girls are so alike that strangers find_it_difficult_to_tell one from the other.

　　5．“Oh，dear，” I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”

　　“天哪，”我大声说。“重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”

　　名师指津：now that“由于；既然”，引导原因状语从句，有时that可以省略。

　　例句仿写：你既然得到了一个机会，不妨充分利用它。

　　Now_that_you’ve_got_a_chance，you might as well make full use of it.

　　exist vi.存在，生存

　　教材原句P26：They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.

　　它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。

　　(1)

　　(2)

　　(牛津P697)They can’t exist_on_the money he’s earning.

　　他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。

　　There exists a good way to solve the existing problem in geography.有一个解决现存地理问题的好办法。

　　As is known to us，China came_into_existence as an independent country in 1949.

　　众所周知，在1949年中国以一个独立的国家存在了。

　　harmful adj.有害的

　　(牛津P803)Experts point out that fruit juices can be harmful to children’s teeth.专家指出果汁可能损害儿童的牙齿。

　　(1)be harmful to sb./sth.对某人/某物有害

　　(2) 对某人有害

　　(3)There is no harm in doing sth./It does no harm to do sth.

　　做某事是个好主意(或没有坏处)

　　Air pollution will get worse and this will be_harmful to people，for example，it can cause cancer.空气污染会加剧，而且这会对人们造成危害，例如，它可以引发癌症。

　　(2024·陕西卷信息匹配)Pets are amusing and entertaining，but we are in a way doing animals harm by making them live in a human environment.宠物好玩有趣，但我们从某种程度上让他们生活在人的环境是在伤害他们。

　　As far as I’m concerned，there_is_no_harm in making an apology to him first.就我个人而言，先向他道歉没有什么坏处。

　　puzzle vt.使迷惑；使为难；使窘困；感到迷惑；n.(游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜

　　(2024·江西阅读理解)But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him.但是他难以抑制自己的好奇心，并且这台新电脑确实让他很迷惑。

　　(1)puzzle sb.使某人为难

　　be puzzled by被……迷惑

　　puzzle about/over sth.苦苦思索；仔细琢磨

　　(2)be in a puzzle about sth.对某事迷惑不解

　　(3)puzzling adj.令人困惑的

　　puzzled adj.感到困惑的

　　It_puzzles_scientists how these creatures can survive in such severe conditions.这些生物是如何在这样艰难的条件下存活的，这使科学家很疑惑。

　　The police are still puzzling about/over how the accident could have happened.警察仍然正在苦思这起事故是怎么发生的。

　　Her puzzled look on her face suggested she didn’t understand what I said.她脸上迷惑的表情表明她不明白我说的话。

　　pull n．& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力

　　(牛津P1604)The police car signalled to us to pull in.

　　警车发出信号，要我们驶向路边停靠。

　　pull down拆毁；摧毁

　　pull in(车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠

　　pull out驶出；退出

　　pull through康复；痊愈

　　No matter how much you feel the pull of the past，make a determined effort to look to the future.

　　不管对过去有多么留恋，你也要下定决心往前看。

　　They are pulling_down those houses to make room for a new hotel.为了给新旅馆腾地，他们正在拆除那些房屋。

　　Ⅰ.用括号内词的适当形式填空

　　1．Everyone was a bit________(puzzle) by her sudden departure.

　　答案：　puzzled

　　2．I consider that it is________(harm) for students to play computer games，though some of them don’t think so.

　　答案：　harmful

　　3．Some believe in the________(exist) of life on Mars，while others consider it as a myth.

　　答案：　existence

　　4．It’s________(like) him to be late；he’s usually on time.

　　答案：　unlike

　　5．I could feel the wind________(gentle) blowing through my hair，it was a warm summer breeze.

　　答案：　gently

　　6．Not all people are aware of the various effects of________(globe) warming on Earth.

　　答案：　global

　　.单项填空1．(2024·吉林长春高中毕业班调研)When the policeman stopped us，we all looked questioningly at him，________.

　　A．nervously and puzzled

　　B．nervous and puzzling

　　C．nervous and puzzled

　　D．nervously and puzzling

　　解析：　此处为形容词短语作伴随状语，说明主语的状态，所以选C项。

　　答案：　C

　　2．(2024·成都部分高中高三教学质量检测)His injuries are extremely serious，but he’s expected to________.

　　A．pull in B．pull through

　　C．pull up D．pull over

　　解析：　考查动词短语辨析。语意：他的伤很严重，但有望恢复。pull in驶向路边停下，进站；pull through恢复健康；pull up停下；pull over停靠在路边。

　　答案：　B

　　3．(2024·淄博模拟)________a certain doubt among the workers as to the necessity of the work.

　　A．It existed B．There existed

　　C．There had D．It had

　　解析：　句意为：对于做这份工作的必要性，工人们存在一定的疑惑。There exists/existed...有；存在；相当于There be...结构。

　　答案：　B

　　4．Doctors always tell us that drinking too much________our health，but some people don’t care.

　　A．is harm to B．does harmful to

　　C．is harmful to D．do harm to

　　解析：　句意为：医生总是告诉我们饮酒太多有害健康，但有些人却不在意。be harmful to sb.＝do harm to sb.对某人有害。D项应用第三人称单数。

　　答案：　C

　　in time及时；终于；总有一天

　　(2024·江苏卷)—Thank God you’re safe!——谢天谢地，你安全了！

　　—I stepped back，just in time to avoid the racing car.

　　——我向后退了一步，正好及时避过了赛车。

　　in no time立刻；马上at no time绝不

　　at a time每次；一次at one time曾经，一度

　　from time to time有时；偶尔at times有时

　　take one’s time别着急；慢慢来kill time消磨时间

　　①You’ll succeed in_time because you are always working hard.

　　你迟早会成功的，因为你一直在努力工作。

　　②At one time，half the land on the earth’s surface was covered by forest.曾经，地球表面有一半的土地被森林所覆盖。

　　③At no time will smoking be permitted here.

　　这里绝不允许吸烟。

　　in one’s turn轮到某人；接着

　　(重庆卷完形填空)More importantly，I found it was my turn to start looking out for my father.

　　更为重要的是，我觉得该是我开始照顾父亲的时候了。

　　in turn依次；轮流；反之；反过来

　　by turns轮流；交替地

　　take turns to do sth.轮流做某事

　　It is one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事

　　It turns/turned out that...结果……

　　①When it is in my turn，I am too excited to speak.

　　当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。

　　②You can’t all do it together；you’ll have to take_turns.

　　你们不能全体一齐上；你们得轮流做。

　　③Theory is based on practice and in_turn serves practice.

　　理论的基础是实践，反过来理论又为实践服务。

　　cheer up(使)高兴；使振奋；感到振奋

　　教材原句P31：I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.

　　我立刻高兴起来，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月亮越来越大。

　　(1)

　　(2)cheerful adj.快乐的，高兴的

　　(3)Cheers！(用于祝酒)干杯！

　　I do hope she can cheer_up and accept the challenge of life bravely！我真心希望她能振作起来，勇敢地接受生活的挑战！

　　They gathered round the swimming pool and cheered her on.

　　他们聚集在游泳池边为她加油。

　　Ⅰ.完成句子

　　1．Will you be home______________________(及时看看孩子) before they go to bed?

　　答案：　in time to see the children

　　2．You’ve made me suffer in the past，so now you，______________________(轮到你了)，suffer again!

　　答案：　in your turn

　　3．The other day my pet cat______________________(分娩) a new little cat.

　　答案：　gave birth to

　　4．She bought a heavy curtain to______________________(阻挡光线)．

　　答案：　block out the light

　　5．Hans finally ______________________(熟悉他的工作) after three months of training.

　　答案：　got the hang of his job

　　6．Once he has made up his mind，no one can______________________(阻止他执行) the plan.

　　答案：　prevent him from carrying out

　　7．—Mary looks a little unhappy today.

　　—Yes.We must do something ______________________(使她振作起来)．

　　答案：　to cheer her up

　　.单项填空

　　1．(天津高考)—I’m thinking of the test tomorrow.I’m afraid I can’t

　　pass this time.

　　—________！I’m sure you’ll make it.

　　A．Go ahead B．Good luck

　　C．No problem D．Cheer up

　　解析：　句意为：——我正在考虑明天考试的问题，恐怕这次我会不及格。——振作起来！我相信你会通过的。根据上下文只有Cheer up“振作起来”符合题意，而Go ahead继续，Good luck好运气，No problem没问题，均不符合题意。

　　答案：　D

　　2．—You are always sitting there watching TV.________，let’s go out for a walk，shall we?

　　—OK，but just a moment.The football game is just over.

　　A．Take your time B．Cheer up

　　C．Take it easy D．Come on

　　解析：　考查交际用语。上句意为：你总是坐在那里看电视。走吧，咱们出去散散步，好吗？come on在此表示责备或不耐烦，意为“来吧，得啦，走吧”。take your time 不着急；cheer up高兴点；take it easy别紧张。

　　答案：　D

　　3．(2024·四级英语)Stressful environments lead to unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits，which________increase the risk of heart disease.

　　A．in turn B．in return

　　C．by chance D．by turns

　　解析：　句意为：紧张的环境会导致诸如不良的饮食习惯等不健康行为，而后者又会增加患心脏病的危险。in turn转而，依次，而又；in return作为报答；by turns轮流地，依次。

　　答案：　A

　　4．We agreed that both sides must work to strengthen greater trust and confidence，which，________，will bring more cooperation.

　　A．in time B．in turn

　　C．in return D．in total

　　解析：　考查介词短语辨析。句意为：我们达成协议，双方必须努力增强更大的信任和信心，这反过来必将带来更多的合作。in time及时；终于；in turn转而； in return作为回报；in total总计。只有B符合句意。