Deep South

　　选修 8

　　重点句型

　　1. With annual rainfall close to zero, Antarctica is technically a desert.

　　南极洲年降雨量几乎为零,严格来说该区域就是一片荒漠。

　　2. A high mountain range, the Trans–Antarctic range, runs from east to west, cutting the continent in two.

　　一条横贯南极洲的山脉,从东到西将南极洲分为两半。

　　3. But the long Antarctica winter night,

　　which lasts for 182 days (the longest period of continuous darkness on earth ), as well as the extreme cold and lack of rainfall，means that few types of plants can survive there.

　　但是南极洲冬天的夜晚长达182天(地球上持续时间最长的黑暗时期),气候极度寒冷,降雨量极少,这意味着很少有植物能够在这里生存。

　　重点句型

　　4. Not until the late 18th century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land.

　　直到18世纪末,英国探险家詹姆斯·库克才穿越了南极圈,但他却从未发现任何陆地。

　　重点句型

　　1. But the long Antarctic winter night, which lasts for 182 days (the longest period of continuous darkness on earth), as well as the extreme cold and lack of rainfall, means that few types of plants can survive there.

　　但是南极洲冬天的夜晚长达182天(地球上持续时间最长的黑暗时期),气候极度寒冷,降雨量极少,这意味着很少有植物能够在这里生存。

　　句型探究

　　which lasts for 182 days …为非限制性定语从句。which 指代前面的句子。

　　He changed his mind, which made all of us angry.

　　他改变了主意,这使得我们都很生气。

　　The students finished the work by themselves,

　　which was encouraging.

　　学生们独自完成了工作,真令人鼓舞。

　　句型探究

　　2. Not until the late 18th century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land.

　　直到18世纪末,英国探险家詹姆斯·库克才穿越了南极圈,但他却从未发现任何陆地。

　　句型探究

　　(1)but前的句子是not…until…句式的倒装句，原句为：The British explorer James Cook didn't cross the Antarctic Circle until the late 18th century. not until位于句首，句子要倒装。

　　not …until … 直到……才……

　　(2)在句型“主句＋ until/till ＋时间状语从句”中，应注意以下几点：

　　①主句中动词是非延续性动词，如leave, graduate, break 等时，必须用否定形式。

　　②主句中动词是延续性动词，肯定、否定形式都可以，但注意意义完全不同。

　　句型探究

　　We discussed the problem until he came back.

　　我们一直讨论这个问题直到他回来。

　　I will wait here until the concert is over.

　　我将一直在这儿等到音乐会结束。

　　Until he returns, nothing can be done.

　　他不回来什么也不能做。

　　Go straight on until you see a large building.

　　一直往前走，直到你看到一座大楼。

　　句型探究

　　Not until the teacher came in did he stop playing the game.

　　直到老师进来他才停止玩游戏。

　　I didn’t learn to drive till I was thirty–three.

　　我直到33岁才学会开车。

　　句型探究

　　Renaissance

　　选修 8

　　1

　　1. Wherever he went, he carried a notebook around with him, in which he wrote down his ideas.

　　不管走到哪里他都随身携带一个笔记本，以便随时记录下自己的想法。

　　重点句型

　　2. So you can walk along a street for half an hour or so and end up five minutes from where you started.

　　那么你有可能沿街走了半小时左右，结果离你出发的地点实际仅有五分钟的路程。

　　重点句型

　　3. Unlike other places in Europe, where house owners were taxed on the size of their windows, here the taxes depended on the width of the house…

　　在欧洲其他地方,房屋主人要根据窗户的尺寸纳税;此处却不同,这里的税金是根据房屋的宽度而定……

　　重点句型

　　4. But as the ideas of the Renaissance developed, so did the demand for the Greek

　　and Latin classics, which had been largely ignored for up to 2,000 years.

　　但随着文艺复兴观念的发展,人们对

　　希腊和拉丁经典作品的需求也增加了,而

　　这些经典已经被忽视达2000年了。

　　重点句型

　　5. Without inexpensive printing to make books available to a large section of society, the son of John Shakespeare, a government official in rural England in the mid–1500s, may never have been inspired to take up writing as a profession.

　　假如没有低廉的印刷技术使得广大社会

　　阶层有书可读,16世纪中期英格兰乡村的政府官员——约翰·莎士比亚的儿子也许根本不可能受到鼓舞而将写作作为职业。

　　重点句型

　　Without inexpensive printing to make books available to a large section of society, the son of John Shakespeare, a government official in rural England in the mid–1500s, may never have been inspired to take up writing as a profession.

　　假设没有低廉的印刷技术使得广大社会阶

　　层有书可读,16世纪中期英格兰乡村的政府官员——约翰·莎士比亚的儿子也许根本不可能

　　受到鼓舞而将写作作为职业。

　　句型探究

　　①inspire sb. to do sth.

　　鼓励/激励某人做某事

　　②inspire sth. in / with sb.

　　激起/促成某人……

　　句型探究

　　inspired

　　adj.

　　有灵感的,(人、作品)得到灵感的,非常好的

　　inspiring

　　adj.

　　激励的,鼓励的

　　inspiration

　　n.

　　灵感,启示

　　His passion for romantic literature inspired him to begin writing.

　　他对浪漫主义文学的激情激励他开始写作。

　　He possesses the quality of inspiring confidence.

　　他有本事能让别人信任他。

　　(2)may never have been 是对过去情况的推测。对过去情况的推测用“情态动词＋动词的完成式”。

　　There was no light in his office. He must have gone home.

　　他办公室没亮灯，他一定是回家了。(must表示肯定的推测。)

　　You should have finished your work before class.

　　你课前就该把作业做完的。(should have done表示“理应，本该……”)

　　Foreign Food

　　选修 8

　　1

　　1. What do you think a Chinese person will notice when eating British food for the first time?

　　你认为第一次品尝英国食物时,中国人会注意到一些什么东西？

　　2. I had eaten Chinese food often, but I could not have imagined how fabulous a real Chinese banquet could be.

　　我以前也经常吃中餐,但从没想到真正的中式宴席会那么丰富。

　　重点句型

　　3. No wonder my fellow guests had had only a few bites of each dish…

　　怪不得跟我一起的客人每道菜也就浅尝几口……

　　4. The first time I saw a three–year–old kid cheerfully chewing a chicken’s head I had bad dreams for weeks.

　　第一次看到一个三岁的小孩欢快地嚼着

　　一只鸡头后,我连续做了几周噩梦。

　　重点句型

　　5. …and it was only after I had tasted it that I knew it was actually cooked with mushrooms.

　　……只有当我尝了一下后才知道那确实

　　是用蘑菇做的。

　　重点句型

　　The first time I saw a three year old kid cheerfully chewing a chicken’s head I had bad dreams for weeks.

　　第一次看到一个三岁的小孩欢快地嚼着一只鸡头后,我连续做了几周噩梦。

　　the first time相当于从属连词,引导状语从句,可译为“第一次……”。类似的名词短语充当连词的还有：the moment, the minute, every time, each time, next time 等。

　　句型探究

　　What do you think a Chinese person will notice when eating British food for the first time?

　　你认为第一次品尝英国食物时，中国人会注意到什么？

　　此句中的for the first time在句中作状语。

　　句型探究

　　the first time, for the first time, it’s the first time that…, it is time that…

　　the first time 可引导状语从句。

　　for the first time 只能用作句子的状语,不可用来引导状语从句,它不具有连词的功能。

　　It / This / That is / was the first / second…time +that–clause是个很重要的句型,其用法是：当前面的be 动词是is 时,后面的句子用现在完成时;当前面是was 时,后面句子用过去完成时,其表达的意思是“某人第几次做某事”。

　　It is / was (high) time that sb. should do sth. / did sth.也是一个常用句型,其意义是“到了做某事的时候了”,相当于It is / was time for sb. to do sth.,这一句型的should一般不可省略。

　　This is the first time that I have been here.

　　这是我第一次来这儿。

　　The first time I saw him, he was cleaning the room.

　　我第一次见到他的时候,他正在清扫房间。

　　It’s time he got himself a proper job.

　　他该给自己找一份合适的工作了。

　　Which English?

　　选修 8

　　1

　　1. The quality of someone’s voice and

　　their choice of words make a person instantly recognisable, even though you can’t see him or her.

　　一个人的音质及措词都能让这个人立即被辨认出来,即使看不见是谁。

　　2. Perhaps correctness doesn't matter — as long as speakers can understand each other — it's communication that counts.

　　也许正确与否不要紧——只要说话的人互相明白就行——重要的是交流本身。

　　重点句型

　　3. Experts are convinced that this will

　　happen in the future as more and more people

　　learn English and call it their own.

　　专家相信,当越来越多的人学习英语并称其为自己的语言时,这种情况将会发生。

　　重点句型

　　The quality of someone’s voice and their choice of words make a person instantly recognisable, even though you can’t see him or her.

　　一个人的音质及措词都能让这个人立即被辨认出来，即使看不见是谁。

　　(1) even if / though 表“即使”,引导让步状语从句。从句可用陈述语气或虚拟语气。

　　句型探究

　　Even though we have made progress, we should not be proud.

　　即使我们取得了进步,也不应该骄傲。

　　Even if you were a doctor, you could not save her life.

　　即使你是医生,你也救不了她。

　　Even if it rains tomorrow,I will go climbing.

　　即使明天下雨,我也要去爬山。

　　句型探究

　　(2) instantly adv.立即地,即刻地

　　conj. 一……就……

　　The boss wants the job done instantly.

　　老板要求马上完成这个工作。

　　I called him up immediately I arrived there.

　　我一到那就给他打电话。

　　句型探究

　　The Conquest of the Universe

　　选修 8

　　1

　　1. It happened so quickly and everyone was in a state of shock.

　　事情发生得太突然了,因此每个人都处在一种震惊状态当中。

　　2. In spite of all our advanced technology, the world is still only at the very beginning of its voyage into space.

　　尽管我们掌握了现在的全部先进技术,我们这个世界依然只处于太空旅行的起步阶段。

　　重点句型

　　3. This is consistent with many religious faiths, which stress rational thought,personal dignity and a devotion to praying for holy understanding…

　　这与许多宗教信仰是一致的,强调理性思考,个人尊严以及专注于祈求主神的理解……

　　4. The Force is similar to Qi, a stable balance of Yin and Yang forces to human beings and the environment.

　　“大能”与“气”相似,是对人类和环境的阴阳之力的一种稳定平衡。

　　5. Incredible as it may seem,both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption that…

　　尽管看起来不可思议,但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们做出一个设想……

　　重点句型

　　6. Orson Welles had managed to set in motion a panic across America.

　　奥森·韦尔斯成功地引起了美国人的恐慌。

　　重点句型

　　1. In spite of all our advanced technology,

　　the world is still only at the very beginning of its voyage into space.

　　尽管我们掌握了现在的全部先进技术,我们这个世界依然只处于太空旅行的起步阶段。

　　at the very beginning of 在……一开始的时候(后接表时间或事情的名词)

　　at the very beginning of the year

　　年初

　　句型探究

　　at the beginning

　　从一开始;开始;年初

　　to begin with

　　首先,第一

　　from beginning to end

　　从头到尾,自始至终

　　in the beginning

　　当初,开始时

　　To begin with, she is too young for that kind

　　of job.

　　首先,她做这种工作年纪还太小。

　　I want to know about this thing now from beginning to end.

　　现在我要知道此事的始终。

　　2. Incredible as it may seem, both the observations

　　of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption that…

　　尽管看起来不可思议,但科学观测以及我们肉眼

　　看到的证据都必然会让我们做出一个设想……

　　Incredible as it may seem = Although it may seem incredible,这是由as 引导的让步状语从句,

　　用倒装结构。

　　Child as he is, he knows a lot.

　　虽然他是个孩子，但懂的东西很多。

　　句型探究

　　The Tang Poems

　　选修 8

　　重点句型

　　1. Like parting day I’ll part from you.

　　落日故人情(我就如落日依山那样对你依依不舍)。

　　2. As he was not so successful as some of the other young men of his time…

　　由于他当时没有取得同其他年轻人一样的成功………

　　3. It is said that he drowned when he fell into

　　a river while trying to take hold of the reflection