Unit4　Wildlife protection

　　1、contain vt.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1)He opened the bag, which contained a razor, soap, and a towel.

　　(2)He was so excited he could hardly contain himself.

　　(3)The auditorium will contain 3,000 people.

　　根据语义找匹配：A. 容纳　B. 装有　C. 克制、抑制

　　(1) B　(2) C　(3) A

　　container n. 容器，器皿，集装箱，货柜

　　contained adj. 从容的，泰然自若的

　　containerize vt. 用集装箱运输

　　include/contain/hold

　　include强调“包括，作为整体的一部分”，侧重范围或整体。其后的宾语往往是主语的一部分。include的分词短语常在句中作状语，用于名词前用including，用于名词后用included。

　　contain 着重“其中包含有”，指在一定范围或容器内容纳某物，侧重包含的内容或成分。其宾语与主语常是同位关系，不用于进行时态。此外，contain还有“控制，克制”之意。

　　hold指“能容纳”。

　　巧记：

　　A container contains all kinds of fruits, which include pineapples. contain的宾语与主语不同类。include的宾语与主语是同类之物。fruit与container不同类，用contain。pineapple与fruit是同类之物，所以用include。

　　用上述单词的恰当形式填空

　　(1) The book contains ten chapters, including American Literature.

　　(2) This kind of fruit contains lots of vitamin C and B, vitamin D included.

　　(3) The hall holds 200 people.

　　2、affect vt.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1) Their opinion will not affect my decision.

　　(2) We are deeply affected by his devotion to work.

　　根据语义找匹配：A. 影响　B. 使感动

　　(1) A　(2) B

　　affect sb. to tears把某人感动得流泪

　　be greatly affected很受感动

　　be affected by heat中暑

　　be affected with high fever发高烧

　　affect/effect/influence

　　affect vt. 表示“影响，(病)侵袭”，多指不好的影响。当affect的宾语是人时，它表示引起心智上或感情上的影响，即“使……感动”。

　　effect 表示“影响”时，是名词，指由于某种原因直接产生的结果，常用于have an effect on对……有影响； in effect正在实行；实际上； side effect副作用； take effect开始实行，开始生效； without effect没有效果； come into effect生效，实施；bring/carry sth. into effect使……生效； be of no effect 无效果。

　　influence多指对人的思想、观念、心理情绪等内在的东西产生潜移默化的影响，或对人的决定、行为等造成某种程度的影响。

　　单项填空

　　()Sichuan Province ______by the earthquake，causing difficulties to the post-festival road transport.

　　A. were affected

　　B. was affected

　　C. had effected

　　D. has affected

　　B

　　考查动词词义的辨析。affect 为动词，意思是“影响；感动”；effect为名词，意思是“影响；效果”。按照句意选择B。

　　3、appreciate vt.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1) His works were not appreciated until after his death.

　　(2) Her abilities are not fully appreciated by her employer.

　　(3) I don't think you appreciate the danger of this job.

　　(4) I appreciated his help when I prepared for the entrance exams.

　　根据语义找匹配：

　　A. 赏识　B. 重视　C. 察知　D. 感激

　　(1) B　(2) A　(3) C　(4) D

　　appreciate ＋ n. /doing感激(欣赏；觉得……)

　　appreciate it＋if从句 如果……，将不胜感激

　　appreciate / enjoy 这两个动词均含“欣赏”之意。

　　appreciate多用于文学方面，强调对事物有深入的理解能力，且能鉴赏。

　　To appreciate the jokes of crosstalk artists, listeners have to know very well what the comedians are talking about.

　　enjoy普通用词，使用广泛，程度不及appreciate，多指从外界事物中得到喜悦与满足，领略到乐趣，享受意味强。

　　Now that I am free, I can enjoy music for a while.

　　单项填空

　　()(1) I would appreciate ______ if you would let me know in advance whether you will be coming or not.

　　A. that

　　B. it

　　C. you

　　D. this

　　B　考查动词的用法。appreciate其后不接人，排除D，这里所要感激的事情是if you would let me know in advance whether you will be coming or not，为了避免头重脚轻现象，所以用it作为形式宾语。

　　()(2) I really appreciate ______to relax with you on this magic island.

　　A. having time

　　B. to have time

　　C. to have had time

　　D. to having time

　　A　考查动词的用法。当appreciate后接非谓语动词时，它只能用v.-ing形式，所以答案是A。

　　()(3) I appreciated ______back and greeting that afternoon after our departure.

　　A. you to call

　　B. you calling

　　C. you called

　　D. you call

　　3、appreciate vt.

　　B　考查动词的用法。当appreciate后接非谓语动词时，它只能用v.-ing形式，如果非谓语动词有其逻辑主语时，使用n./代词＋v.-ing形式，构成动名词的复合结构，所以答案是B。

　　4、 die out

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1) Many traditional customs have died_out because they are out of date.

　　(2) Many animals have died_out in the past.

　　(3)The fire is dying_out. You'd better add some firewood.

　　根据语义找匹配

　　A. 灭绝　B. 熄灭　C. 风俗、习惯逐渐消失

　　(1) C　(2) A　(3) B

　　die from 表示死于(枪)伤、虚弱、过度劳累、饮食过量等。

　　die of 表示死于疾病、饥饿、寒冷、年老、忧愁、失恋等精神因素。

　　die out “灭绝，消失”。多指物种的灭绝或风俗、习惯的消失，强调动作的结束。

　　die away慢慢消失。(多指声音、光线、风等)逐渐减弱，逐渐模糊，逐渐消失。强调过程。

　　die down (多指火、兴奋、光线、暴风雨等)逐渐变弱、平息，逐渐暗淡，逐渐降低。表示过程，常可与die away 替换。

　　die off (多指家族、草木等)相继死去，先后死亡。

　　单项填空

　　()(1) Unfortunately, the soldier died______ a wound in the chess.

　　A. from

　　B. out

　　C. off

　　D. down

　　4、 die out

　　A　考查die的短语搭配辨析。按照句意此处soldier的死因应该是枪伤，故用die from。

　　()(2) Shen Hao died ______ the people, so his death is weightier than Mount Tai.

　　A. from

　　B. of

　　C. for

　　D. because of

　　C　考查die的短语搭配辨析。根据语义：沈浩是为人民而死，所以他的死重于泰山。

　　用die相关短语的正确形式填空

　　(3) As the region is becoming hotter, this kind of grass is dying off.

　　(4) Their chatters and laughter died away as the group rushed out of the classroom.

　　(5) When all the guests had left, the whole house died down.

　　(6) We need to take action before all the endangered animals have died out.

　　5、protect…from/against

　　根据语境感悟语义

　　(1)You must learn to protect yourself from the danger.

　　(2)He raised his arm to protect his child from hurt.

　　(3)They huddled together to protect themselves from the wind.

　　根据语境和语义protect…from…意为：______。

　　保护……以免受到……的伤害

　　表示“阻止某人做某事/阻止某事发生”的短语有：

　　prevent sb./sth. (from)doing sth.

　　stop sb./sth. (from)doing sth.

　　keep sb. from doing sth. (from不可省略)

　　ban sb./sth. (from)doing sth. (＝forbid sb. to do sth.) 禁止某人做某事

　　注意：keep sb. doing sth. 让某人不断做某事

　　(1) protect against和protect from意思相似，有时可互换，但是，对于较大的事情，如：敌人的入侵、天灾等，常用protect…against，对于较小的事情常用protect…from。

　　(2)在protect…from/against…结构中，from和against后面常跟sth.，有时against后跟being done来强调动作的被动性。

　　(3)主动句中prevent/stop…from…中的from可省略，在被动句中from不可省略，而keep…from…中的from无论在主动句还是在被动句中都不能省略，因为keep sb. doing sth. 的语义是“让某人一直做某事”。

　　单项填空

　　()(1)He is wearing sunglasses to ______ his eyes from the strong sunlight.

　　A. protect

　　B. hold

　　C. stop

　　D. prevent

　　()(2)The umbrella can ______ you from the rain.

　　A. stop

　　B. prevent

　　C. protect

　　D. keep

　　(1)A　(2)C　考查动词辨析。prevent sb. from doing sth.防止某人干某事，意思类似于stop/keep sb. from doing sth.；protect sb. from sth.保护某人免遭……伤害。

　　6、come into being

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1) I don't exactly know when the universe came_into_being.

　　(2) When did the club come_into_being?

　　(3) Up to now, historians have assumed that calendars came_into_being with the advent of agriculture.

　　根据语义找匹配：A. 成立 　B. 形成 　C. 产生

　　(1) B　(2) A　(3) C

　　come into operation 开始运行；生效

　　come into office 就职

　　come into power 当权；执政

　　come into use 投入使用

　　come into force 生效；实施

　　come into effect 生效

　　come into view/ sight 在视野内；看见

　　come into fashion 开始流行；风靡

　　come into season 正合时令

　　()(1) People in the town will benefit from the law after it ______next month.

　　A. comes into use

　　B. comes into power

　　C. comes into effect

　　D. comes into being

　　C　考查短语语义辨析。come into use投入使用； come into power执政； come into effect生效；come into being产生。根据语境：法律下个月生效，所以答案是C。

　　()(2) The town came into ______ as we turned around the corner.

　　A. being

　　B. use

　　C. fashion

　　D. sight

　　D　考查短语语义辨析。根据语境：拐个弯就能看到，所以答案是D。

　　()(3) After a heated discussion, a new plan came______ being, which would have a great effect ______ the study of the students.

　　A. into; for

　　B. to; to

　　C. from; at

　　D. into; on

　　D　考查短语搭配。根据短语的搭配，come into being和have an effect on, 所以答案是D。

　　7、There_were many different kinds of dinosaur and a number of them used to live in China. (P30)

　　当时有许多不同种类的恐龙，其中有很多种类曾经生活在中国。

　　“There be ＋名词”是英语中最为常用的句式之一，表示“某处存在某物”。在使用中，我们应当注意以下几点：

　　(1)there be 中的be动词的数的变化要依据“就近原则”，即与它距离最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。

　　There is a pen and two pencils in the pencil box.

　　There are two pencils and a pen in the pencil box.

　　(2)由于这一结构中的谓语动词是be动词，因此之后出现的所有动词都是非谓语动词，在使用中，我们务必注意非谓语动词的运用。

　　非谓语动词的形式 与主语的关系 所发生的时间

　　There be+名词+非谓语动词 to do 主动 将来

　　to be done 被动

　　doing 主动 正在发生、一直发生

　　done 被动 完成

　　Hurry up! There is no time to go.

　　You mustn't leave now, because there is a lot of work to be done.

　　There is a person waiting for you outside.

　　Hurry up! There is no time left.

　　(3)there be 结构的非谓语动词形式要依据非谓语动词在句子中的结构确定。

　　I want there to be a vase in the center of the table.

　　There being no bus, we had to walk home.

　　你知道这道题该如何解答吗？

　　()______， so we had to walk home.

　　A. There being no bus

　　B. Being no bus

　　C. There was no bus

　　D. No bus

　　C　考查了独立主格结构与并列句的关系。当在语句中有并列连词时，这就说明这是一个并列句，前后都是完整的句子，所以本题也就用了There was no bus。如果没有并列连词so，就说明它是独立主格结构，用There being no bus。

　　(4) there be结构的时态与情态动词形式

　　there be结构的时态与情态动词形式是借助时态助动词或“情态动词＋be动词”的正确形式表达。

　　There is going to be a class meeting in our classroom this afternoon and there may be an important thing to be discussed.

　　(5) there be结构的变体和运用

　　There happen to be… 碰巧有……

　　There stand / lie /come/ go / remain/ live… 有……

　　There seem to be… 似乎有……；好像有……

　　恰当使用There be 结构会给你的书面表达增添灵气，让你的作品更加灵动。

　　There stands a tall teaching building in the center of our school. 在学校中央屹立着一幢高高的教学楼。

　　There lies a quiet small stream in the mountain village.

　　一条小溪静静地躺在山寨里。

　　(6) 常用句型

　　There is no need to do sth. 没必要做某事

　　There is no doubt that… ……毋庸置疑

　　There was a time when… 曾几何时……According_to a UN report, some 844 animals and plants have disappeared in the last 500 years. (P30)

　　()(2009·江苏) This special school accepts all disabled students, ______ educational level and background.

　　A. according to

　　B. regardless of

　　C. in addition to

　　D. in terms of

　　B　according to 根据； regardless of 不管，不顾； in addition to 另外； in terms of 就……而言。 这所特殊学校接收所有的残疾学生，不管他们的教育水平和背景如何。