完成句子 ①他们的争端导致了战争。 Their dispute ____________ war. 【答案】resulted in ②成功源于努力工作。 Success ____________ hard work. 【答案】results from 3．be opposed to反对，对抗 On the other hand，there are those，like George Hambley，who are opposed to this view …

　　另一方面，有一些人反对这种观点，像汉姆布雷，…… I am opposed to the new plan. 我反对这项新计划。 They were firmly opposed to helping the bad boy. 他们坚持反对帮助这个坏男孩。 be opposed to (doing) sth反对(做)…… as opposed to与……不同；而不是 翻译句子 ①他强烈反对这场战争。 【答案】He was bitterly opposed to the war. ②一些居民反对以马丁·路德·金的名字命名这所高中。 【答案】Some residents were opposed to naming the high school after Martin Luther King.

　　4．build up树立，逐步建立；增进(健康)；集结 Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmosphere. 温室气体继续在大气层中聚集。 Traffic is building up.车辆在增多。 build up one’s health增进健康 build up a good reputation树立良好的声誉 build up the business扩大企业

　　完成句子 ①她白手起家，生意逐渐兴隆。 She ________ the business ________ from nothing. 【答案】built；up ②体育运动能增强我们的体质。 Sports and games can __________________. 【答案】build up our bodies 1．There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和。全球变暖是人为的，而不是随意的自然现象。

　　句式突破

　　There’s no doubt that …

　　意为“毫无疑问……”。 There is no doubt that radio and television are important means of communication. 毫无疑问，收音机和电视机是信息交流的重要方式。 There is no doubt that he can come on time. 他能按时来是毫无疑问的。

　　完成句子 ①我怀疑他是否是做这项工作的最佳人选。 I have my doubt about ____________________. 【答案】whether he is the best man for the job ②我不怀疑他将赢得比赛。 I don’t doubt/have no doubt ________ he will win the race. 【答案】that

　　③我怀疑这个消息是否是真的。 I doubt the truth of the news. →I doubt ____________ the news is true. 【答案】if/whether

　　2．Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases，the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries. 即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在未来几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。 even if(＝even though)即使，尽管，引导让步状语从句。 Even if I have to sell my house，I’ll keep my business going.即使要卖掉房子，我还是要继续我的事业。

　　翻译句子 即使受到邀请我也不去参加他的晚会。 __________. 【答案】Even if I am invited, I will not go to his party.

　　3．This makes the greenhouse heat up and so the plants can grow throughout the cold period.这使得温室变暖，因此植物能在寒冷的时期生长。 本句中makes the greenhouse heat up是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构，make此处为动词，意为“使成为，使变成为”。宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、省略to的动词不定式、过去分词等充当。

　　All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只学习不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。 When I first came to America，I had a lot of difficulty making myself understood. 我刚到美国时，想让别人听懂我的话很难。

　　完成句子 Computers and mobile phones，though they are indeed making our life ________ and ________，have reduced the need for face-to-face communications.(easy；efficient) 【答案】easier；more efficient

　　4．It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.这就意味着更多的热能往往被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。 本句是一个主从复合句，主语是it，谓语是means，后面跟的是that引导的宾语从句。causing the global … 是现在分词短语作状语，表示结果。

　　Tom fell down from the tree，breaking his arm. 汤姆从树上摔了下来，摔断了胳膊。 His parents died，leaving him an orphan. 他父母都死了，剩下他一个孤儿。

　　完成句子 The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu，______________ the students to return to their classrooms.(enable) 【答案】enabling Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Our country is making efforts to switch from coal to a cleaner ________(燃料)． 2．This store sells a wide ________(种类) of TV sets. 3．If you ________(比较) British football with American football，you’ll find many differences. 4．A child who can remember 3,000 English words at the age of 3 would be called an unusual ________(现象)．

　　5．The food was enough in ________(数量)，but not very good in quality. 6．Though he is less than one year old，he is strong enough to walk ________(平稳地)． 7．In ________(结果) of a terrible earthquake the whole city was destroyed. 8．Do you know when this word came into ________(存在)? 【答案】1.fuel　2.range　3.compare　4.phenomenon　5.quantity　6.steadily　7.consequence　8.existence

　　Ⅱ.短语填空 come about； subscribe to； go up； result in； be opposed to； even if； keep on； build up 1．The flood has ____________ many thousands of deaths in that area. 【答案】resulted in 2．How did this terrible traffic accident _____________？ 【答案】come about 3．Every year our school ________________ many magazines and newspapers for teachers and students. 【答案】subscribes to 4．Please put up your hands if you ________________ the final decision. 【答案】are opposed to 5．In the last few months the price of goods is ____________. 【答案】going up 6．I can’t finish the work within three days ________ I work day and night. 【答案】even if 7．If you ________ studying English hard，you will get high marks in the exam. 【答案】keep on 8．They were ____________ their military strength for a drive against the city. 【答案】building up Ⅲ.句型转换 1．We depend on energy to do many things in our daily lives. ________ energy ________ we depend on to do many things in our daily lives. 【答案】It is；that 2．A greenhouse is made of glass and is used for growing plants. A greenhouse ____________ glass is used for growing plants. 【答案】made of 3．It is certain that our teacher will get over his illness in a month. ________ no doubt ________ our teacher will get over his illness in a month. 【答案】There is；that 4．The air inside the greenhouse is warm because the glass traps the heat from the sun. The air inside the greenhouse is warm __________ the glass ________ the heat from the sun. 【答案】because of；trapping

　　5．It was so dark that he could hardly see the faces of his companions. It was not light ________ for him ________ see the faces of his companions. 【答案】enough；to Ⅳ.用恰当的介、副词填空 1．What other things do we use energy ________？ 2．A greenhouse is made of glass and is used ________ growing plants，especially during cold weather. 3．Any damage resulting ________ carelessness must be paid for. 4．Can you explain to me how it came ________？ 5．Their pressure on the enemy is building ________. 6．Don’t keep ________ asking silly questions. 【答案】1.for　2.for　3.from　4.about　5.up　6.on Ⅲ.句型搜索 1．__________________ that the earth is becoming warmer … 毫无疑问地球正在变暖…… 【答案】There is no doubt that 2．“We can’t predict the climate __________ what to expect … ” “我们预报气候不够准确以至于不能知道要发生的事……” 【答案】well enough to know

　　Ⅳ.课文缩写 There is no doubt that it is human activities 1.________ have caused this global warming rather than 2.________ natural phenomenon. All scientists subscribe 3.________ the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels. The “greenhouse effect” begins 4.________ we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere 5.________ (cause)the global temperature to go up. The burning of more and more fossil fuels has resulted 6.________ the increase in carbon dioxide. 7.________， the attitudes of scientists are different. Some think that the trend would be a catastrophe. But some are opposed to this view 8.________ they predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental 9.________(consequent). Even though we have taken some measures, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades 10.________ centuries. 【答案】1.that　2. a　3. to　4. when　5.causing 6. in　7. However　8. and　9. consequences　 10. or 1．consume v．消费；消耗；吃完；喝光 Make a list of the things that consume energy in your home，school，or any other places you can think of. 列举一些在家里、学校里或者其他你能想到的地方消耗能量的东西。 The car consumes a lot of fuel. 这辆汽车很费燃料。 单词扫描

　　consumer n．消费者 consumption n．消费(量)，消耗(量) time-consuming adj.耗费时间的 consumer goods(家用)消费品

　　翻译句子 新的灯泡耗电量更小。 【答案】The new light bulbs consume less electricity. 【温馨提示】 matter可用作名词，意为“物质，物品；要紧，重要性；问题，毛病(与with连用)”。 organic (inorganic) matter有机(无机)物 Any kind of matter has three states. 任何物质都有三种状态。 It makes no matter to us whether he will come. 他来不来对我们无关紧要。 a matter of …

　　……的事情/问题 as a matter of fact＝in fact事实上 no matter whether (if)不管是否 翻译句子 ①他问我出了什么事。 【答案】He asked me what was the matter. ②他问我那是什么东西(物质)。 【答案】He asked me what the matter was.

　　3．subscribe v．捐助，捐赠；签署(文件)，签(名)；同意；订阅 All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal，natural gas and oil to produce energy. 所有科学家都支持地球温度升高是由于燃烧像煤、天然气和石油等化石燃料来制造能量而引起的这种观点。 Chris subscribes to an environmental action group. 克里斯定期捐款给一个环保行动组织。 We don’t subscribe to the view that we have failed. 我们不同意我们已经失败了的观点。 subscribe to … 订阅(报纸或杂志)；同意，赞同……；向……捐款 subscribe for … 认购(股票) subscription n. 订阅费 完成句子 ①我们订阅所有主要的医学杂志。 We ____________ all the main medical journals. 【答案】subscribe to ②你同意这个建议吗？ Do you ____________ the proposal? 【答案】subscribe to

　　4．amount n．数量；总额；总计，总数 This is when small amounts of gases in the atmosphere，like carbon dioxide …

　　即当大气中微量气体像二氧化碳…… A million dollars is a large amount of money to me. 100万美元对我来说是一笔巨款。

　　完成句子 ①账单上金额总计多少？ What is ____________ of the bill? 【答案】the amount ②一定的压力可能是好事。 ________________ of stress can be a good thing. 【答案】A certain amount

　　5．quantity n．量，数量，数额，数目 The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. 当我们向空气中排放大量的多余二氧化碳的时候，问题就开始了。 He prefers quantity to quality when food is concerned.就食物而言，他讲究量不讲究质。

　　完成句子 ①房间里有许多老鼠。 There are ____________ rats in the room. 【答案】quantities of ②那家印刷公司成批买纸。 The printing office buys paper ____________. 【答案】in quantity

　　③—Why does the lake smell terrible? —Because large quantities of water ________.(pollute) 【答案】have been polluted 6．range n．种类；范围；一系列；变化的幅度；界限；射程 “ … it will encourage a greater range of animals—all of which will make life for human beings better.”“……还会促进动物种类的增多——所有这些都能改善人们的生活。” This store sells a wide range/wide ranges of TV sets.这家商店出售各种型号的电视机。 The price of the house is well beyond our range. 房子的价格远远超出了我们能承受的范围。 in/within range (of sth)(……的)范围之内 out of range (of sth)(……的)范围之外 range还可以用作动词，表示“(在一定范围内)变化、变动；排列，整理；涉及”。 完成句子 ①这些汽车的价格在5万美元和12万美元之间。 The prices of the cars __________ 50,000 dollars ________ 120,000 dollars. 【答案】range from；to ②请将货物整齐地排列在商店橱窗里。 Please ________ the goods neatly in the shop window. 【答案】range 1．come about发生；造成 Can you tell me how the accident came about? 你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？ How did it come about that the plane had been delayed.飞机是怎么被延误的？ 短语释义

　　come across 偶遇；穿越 come back 回来；重新流行 come in 进来；到达 come out 出来；开花；出版；结果是…… come up 上来；(问题等)被提出；发芽(无被动式) come up with 追上，赶上，不落后；提出，提供 come along 进展，进行

　　I came across the children sleeping under the bridge. 我偶然发现睡在桥下的孩子。 The daffodils are just beginning to come up. 那些水仙花刚开始破土发芽。

　　【比较网站】　happen，break out，take place，come about，occur 这些词或词组都可表示“发生”之意，都不能用于被动语态，但用法不同。 (1)happen是普通用语。指偶然、意外的，未能预见事情的发生或出现。 (2)break out指“(战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生，爆发”。

　　(3)take place指事件或事故的发生是预料中的、确定的，并非是偶然的，进而引申为“进行，举行”。 (4)come about表示“发生，产生”，多指事情已经发生了但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句。 (5)occur比较正式，可用于具体或抽象的事物，通常指按计划或规律在较为确定的时间发生的事。 完成句子 ①第二次世界大战爆发于1939年9月。 The Second World War ________________ in September 1939. 【答案】broke out ②这次示威罢工没有发生。 The threatened strike did not __________. 【答案】take place

　　③你来的时候，碰巧我出去了。 I ________ to be out/It ________ that I was out when you came here. 【答案】happened；happened ④每四年出现一次闰年。 A leap year __________ every four years. 【答案】occurs

　　⑤玛丽醒来后，她不知道发生了什么事情。 When Mary woke up，she didn’t know what had__________

　　______________. 【答案】come about

　　2．result in导致，造成……的结果 They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide. 他们还认为是由于越来越多的燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。 The fresh policy results in economic development. 那项新政策促进经济发展。 result是不及物动词，与in连用，表示“引起某种结果”，句子的主语是原因，in的宾语是结果。 result from“由于……而造成的后果”，后接导致某事的原因。 as a result为固定词组，意为“结果，因此”，在句中作状语，常置于句首，并用逗号和句子隔开。 a s a result of … 作为……的结果 without result毫无结果地 Period 1　Warming Up， Pre-reading & Reading Ⅰ.单词识记 1．__________v.

　　to pay money, usually once a year, to have copies of a newspaper or magazine sent to you, or to have some other service 2．________v．to use sth up，especially fuel，energy or time；to eat or drink sth 3．________n．a general tendency in the way a situation is changing or developing subscribe　

　　consume　

　　trend　

　　4．________n．a substance such as coal, gas, or oil that can be burned to produce heat or energy 5．________v．to look quickly at sth/sb 6．________n. a number of people or things that are all different, but are all of the same general type 7．________adj.happening or chosen without any definite plan，aim or pattern fuel　

　　glance

　　range　

　　random　

　　8．__________n．a terrible event in which there is a lot of destruction or many people are injured or die 9．________adj. continuing or developing gradually or without stopping, and not likely to change 10．________v．to disagree with something

　　catastrophe

　　steady　

　　oppose

　　Ⅱ.短语天地 1．同意______________ 2．发生______________ 3．大量的______________ 4．导致______________ 5．反对______________ 6．即使______________ 7．上升______________ 8．在……范围内______________ 9．迅速浏览……______________ 10．继续______________ subscribe to　

　　come about　

　　quantities of　

　　result in　

　　be opposed to　

　　even if　

　　go up　

　　in the range of　

　　glance quickly at　

　　keep on

　　2．matter v．要紧，有重大关系

　　So how has this come about and does it matter?

　　那么这是如何产生的，有什么要紧吗？

　　whether he is satisfied.

　　他满意与否对我关系不大(不重要)。

　　＋

　　the amount of＋不可数名词＋单数谓语动词

　　a large amount of＋不可数名词，谓语动词用单数

　　large amounts of＋不可数名词，谓语动词用复数

　　in quantity大量

　　quantities of＋＋复数谓语动词

　　a quantity of＋

　　Quantities of water were wasted in our daily life.

　　大量的水在我们的日常生活中被浪费。

　　A large quantity of water is needed urgently here.

　　这儿急需大量的水。

　　Costs range from 50 to several hundred pounds.

　　花费在50英镑到几百英镑之间。

　　They asked questions ranging over the whole subject of science.他们所提到的问题广泛涉及整个自然科学领域。

　　(1)doubt作名词，用于否定句、疑问句时，后跟that从句；用于肯定句时，后面应接whether或if引导的从句。

　　(2)doubt也可用作动词，意为“怀疑，不相信”，用法如下：

　　doubt＋