高考维“升”素2——多元文化

　　（时间：分钟）

　　高考曾用材料：2024卷B篇

　　选材相似度：★★★★

　　设题相似度：★★★

　　难度系数：★★★

　　Newspaper is not only the most common media in our daily life，but also the oldest technique in the field of message publication.It is very late to see the modern newspaper in China.Until the end of the 19th century，those newspapers published by the Chinese official agents or private expresses hadn't started to become more and more.The newspaper called “Stories inside and outside China” was first published by Weixin Faction，in 1895，the 21st year of Guangxu Era in Qing Dynasty.It is one of the most influential newspapers published by the Chinese at that time.

　　In the fact，the Chinese “Dibao” is the earliest and oldest newspaper in the world.In the West Han epoch，in order to strengthen the Royal power，the Han government carried out the “Jun xian zhi”．Every eparch should set up its office in the capital Chang'an，which has the same function as the provincial office in Beijing now.These offices were called “Di”s.Officers are selected by the eparchial government which they are responsible for，and sent to the “Di” to collecting the messages announced by the administrative agents or even the empire，then writing them on the bamboo placard，and deliver them to their shire leaders via the early post station for reading.So these placards with information were called “Dibao” s.

　　The continuous enforcement of central royal power in ancient China has also brought the development of “Dibao” into a_full_bloom.Although the name of “Dibao” had been changed for many times in the period from the Han，Tang，Song，Yuan，Ming，to Qing Dynasty，its publication has never been interrupted.In addition to it，its essence and contents hadn't been changed a lot.

　　Notes：

　　①eparch n．地方官　②placard n．布告　③shire n．郡

　　长短句分析：Officers are selected by the eparchial government which they are responsible for，and sent to the “Di” to collecting the messages announced by the administrative agents or even the empire，then writing them on the bamboo placard，and deliver them to their shire leaders via the early post station for reading.

　　句法点睛：本句中，“which they are responsible for”是修饰government的定语从句，“announced by the administrative agents or even the empire”为过去分词短语作定语。

　　句意：官员由他们负责的地方政府选拔，并被派往“地”去收集由行政机构甚至皇帝宣布的信息，然后写到竹制的布告上，再通过早期的投递站送给郡的领导阅读。

　　【语篇解读】 在中国，最早的报纸是《地报》，是汉朝时期住在长安的官员传递政府信息的工具。在政府的支持下，《地报》一直保持着繁荣，形式一直没有太大的改变。

　　1．What's the best title of the passage?

　　A．The first newspaper in China

　　B．What newspaper means to us

　　C．Why newspaper first appeared in China

　　D．What brought the development of “Dibao” into a full bloom

　　答案　A　[主旨大意题。全文讲述了中国最早的报纸的出现以及后来的发展。]

　　2．From the first paragraph we can see ________.

　　A．few newspapers were published at the end of the 19th century

　　B．modern newspapers came out very early

　　C．“Stories inside and outside China” was the topic of a report

　　D．at the end of the nineteenth century only official agents published newspapers

　　答案　A　[推理判断题。根据“Until the end of the 19th century，those newspapers published by the Chinese official agents or private expresses hadn't started to become more and more.”可以知道，19世纪晚期中国的报纸不是很多。]

　　3．What does the second paragraph mainly tell us?

　　A．Why every eparch set up offices in the capital.

　　B．The Han government carried out the “Jun xian zhi”．

　　C．How “Dibao” came into being.

　　D．The role of “Dibao” in the Han Dynasty.

　　答案　C　[主旨大意题。第二段讲述了汉朝时期各地派官员进长安，他们把长安的消息传给各地，于是《地报》产生了。]

　　4．What does the underlined phrase “a full bloom” mean in the last paragraph?

　　A．A biggest flower.

　　B．A large pant.

　　C．A stop.

　　D．A magnificent position.

　　答案　D　[词义理解题。由“The continuous enforcement of central royal power in ancient China”可知，中央集权制使得《地报》非常繁荣，由此得出答案为D。]

　　5．From the whole passage we can see the development of the early newspaper in China ________.

　　A．had something to do with people's need

　　B．was connected with government policy

　　C．had nothing to do with news

　　D．was connected with commercials

　　答案　B　[推理判断题。联系最后一段可知，《地报》的繁荣与中央集权的加强密切相关。]

　　维A2 阅读理解

　　高考曾用材料：2024卷A篇

　　选材相似度：★★★★

　　设题相似度：★★★

　　难度系数：★★★★★

　　A giant pink rabbit has been created in

　　the Alps that can be seen from space.

　　Visitors are encouraged by those who made it to climb all over the 200 ft toy sculpture and even sleep on it.

　　But the Austrian art group who created the bunny were amazed to find that it is so large that the rabbit can be seen from space via the Google Earth programme.

　　The pale-pink bunny lies flat on its back in the Italian Alps.It took more than five years to build the bunny and it is set to stay there until 2025.

　　It is made of soft，waterproof materials and filled with straw to make it comfortable to rest on.It was placed in a country spot called Artesina near Cuneo and attracts many visitors each year.

　　Wolfgang

　　Gantner

　　of

　　the

　　Vienna-based

　　art

　　group，Gelitin，said，“It's supposed to make you feel small，like Gulliver.You walk around it and you can't help but smile.We like to see hikers climb up the bunny's 20 ft sides and relax on its belly.”

　　The group have posted the rabbit's location on its Gelitin website along with a poetic description of the creation.It reads：

　　Behind a hill，as if knitted① by giant grandmothers，lies this vast rabbit，to make you feel as small as a daisy.

　　Happy you feel as you climb up along its ears，almost falling into its cavernous mouth，to the belly-top and look out over the pink woolen landscape of the rabbit's body，ears and limbs reaching into the distance.

　　Notes：

　　knit vt.编织　②daisy n．雏菊　③cavernous adj.似洞穴般的　④limb n．四肢

　　【语篇解读】 本文介绍了山顶上的巨型玩具兔子。

　　1．The giant pink rabbit has been created ________.

　　A．to greet the year 2025

　　B．to be seen from space

　　C．to show people's love of climbing

　　D．as a tourist attraction

　　答案　D　[细节理解题。根据“Visitors are encouraged...”及“It was placed in a country spot...attracts many visitors each year.”等信息可知D项正确。]

　　2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 6 refer to?

　　A．The art group.

　　B．Gulliver.

　　C．The bunny.

　　D．The belly.

　　答案　C　[细节理解题。此处是指在兔子附近走动的感觉，故选C项。]

　　3．What do we know about the rabbit from the description on the Gelitin website?

　　a．It is behind a hill.

　　b．It makes visitors feel very small.

　　c．Its belly may be the highest point of the body.

　　d．Its ears and limbs can be taken apart from its body.

　　A．a，b，c

　　B．a，b，d

　　C．a，c，d

　　D．b，c，d

　　答案　A　[细节理解题。文章最后两段为Gelitin网站上对这只兔子富有诗意的描述，a、b、c符合文章内容，故选A项。]

　　维B 任务型阅读

　　请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的单词空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个。

　　Successful people in international business understand the cultures of other countries and learn to change their practices in different cultures.They understand the importance of avoiding business decisions based on misconceptions—mistaken ideas.

　　One cause of misconception is ethnocentrism(民族优越感)，the belief that one's own culture's way of doing things is better than the way of other cultures.It's ethnocentrism that leads to failure in international business.To avoid ethnocentrism，it is necessary to study the different elements(组成部分)of culture：language，values and attitudes，and customs and manners.

　　●Language

　　A knowledge of the local language can help international business people in four ways.First，people can communicate directly.Second，people are usually more open in their communication with someone who speaks their language.Third，an understanding of the language allows people to infer meanings that are not said directly.Finally，knowing the language helps people to understand the culture better.

　　●Values and attitudes

　　Values are people's basic beliefs about the difference between right and wrong，good and bad.An attitude is a way of thinking or acting.Values and attitudes influence international business.For example，many people in the United States believe that chocolate from Switzerland is better than chocolate from other countries，and they buy a lot of it.

　　●Customs and manners

　　Customs are common social practices.Manners are ways of acting that the society believes are polite.For example，in the United States，it is the custom to have salad before the main course at dinner，not after.It's not acceptable to talk with food in mouth at table.Failure to understand the customs and manners of other countries will bring difficulty selling their products.Orange juice as a breakfast drink of an American company in France doesn't sell well because the French don't usually drink juice with breakfast.

　　【语篇解读】 民族优越感有时是国际贸易往来中的不利因素。如何避免呢？了解各国的文化及它们的组成因素是解决方法。

　　答案及解析：

　　1．practices　[捕捉信息题。根据文章第一段首句“Successful people in international business understand the cultures of other countries and learn to change their practices in different cultures.”可知答案。]

　　2．important　[句式转化题。根据第一段最后一句“They understand the importance of avoiding business decisions based on misconceptions－mistaken ideas.”可知他们已经意识到了避免商业决策建立在错误的观念之上的重要性。]

　　3．belief　[捕捉信息题。根据第二段首句“One cause of misconception is ethnocentrism(民族优越感)，the belief that one's own...”可知答案。]

　　4．failure　[捕捉信息题。根据第二段第二句“It's ethnocentrism that leads to failure in international business.”可知答案。]

　　5．Language　[综合信息题。结合表格形式和右侧栏中的内容可知，这里应该是文化的三个组成之一，即Language。]

　　6．knowledge　[综合信息题。根据文章第三段首句，结合本框中的信息可知此处是讲掌握其他国家的语言带来的好处。have a knowledge of意为“了解、掌握”。]

　　7．communication　[捕捉信息题。根据文章第三段第二句“First，people can communicate directly.”可知答案。]

　　8．understanding　[句式转换题。根据文章第三段最后一句“Finally，knowing the language helps people to understand the culture better.”可知答案。]

　　9．polite　[捕捉信息题。根据文章最后一段第二句“Manners are ways of acting that the society believes are polite.”可知答案。]

　　10．difficult　[句式转换题。根据文章最后一段第五句“Failure to understand the customs and manners of other countries will bring difficulty selling their products.”可知答案。]

　　长短句破解附加强化练习(Ⅱ)

　　将下面英语长句翻译成汉语。

　　1．We even have different words for some food，meat in particular，depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked，which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming，while the upper class Normans were doing most of the eating.

　　________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　答案　我们甚至对某些食物用不同的单词表达，特别是肉类，这取决于它是长在田野里，还是在家里准备煮着吃，这就表明一个事实，即萨克森农民在农田干活，而上层阶级的诺曼人在大口地吃。

　　2．Having chosen family television programs and women's magazines，the toothpaste marketer，for instance，must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific women's magazines to be used.

　　________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　答案　决定选择家庭电视节目和妇女杂志后，牙膏经销商还必须挑选出要用的确切的电视节目和电视台，以及那些具体的妇女杂志。

　　3．I can't live in fear of the possibility that as the earth's population grows and we use more and more of our nonrenewable (不能再生的) resources，our children may have to lead poorer lives.

　　______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　答案　我不能总是生活在对这种可能性的忧虑中：由于地球上人口的不断增长，由于我们正在消耗掉越来越多的非再生资源，我们的孩子可能不得不过着更加贫穷的生活。

　　4．Such tasks are generally important in their outcome，which only adds to the pressure to do a good job，and yet their very complexity makes it difficult to know just where or how to begin.

　　______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　答案　这些任务的结果通常都很重要，这为做好工作增加了压力，然而这些任务的复杂性使人很难知道该从何处开始和怎样开始。

　　5．Today it is not unusual for a student，even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer，to have $5,000 in loans (贷款) after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________