语法对点讲练六　名词和主谓一致

　　一、名词

　　知识点讲解

　　1．名词的几个注意事项

　　①有两种复数形式的名词。

　　people

　　fish

　　penny

　　②只表示复数意义的集体名词。

　　people人，人们

　　police警察

　　cattle牛

　　③侧重成员时表示复数意义，侧重整体时表示单数意义的集体名词。

　　class班级

　　family家庭

　　team队

　　public大众

　　army军队

　　government政府

　　④常以复数形式出现的名词。

　　clothes衣服

　　glasses眼镜

　　chopsticks筷子

　　trousers裤子

　　goods商品；货物

　　contents目录

　　sands沙滩

　　woods森林；树林

　　times时代

　　lines台词

　　surroundings环境

　　belongings财产

　　earnings收入

　　arms武器

　　manners礼貌

　　customs海关；关税

　　forces军队

　　papers文件；试卷；论文

　　⑤of前的名词是picture, photo, portrait, statue等时用of所有格和双重所有格意义有区别。

　　⑥常以复数形式出现的名词作定语时用复数； man和woman作定语时，其单复数根据被修饰词的单复数变化。

　　sports meeting运动会

　　sales manager销售经理

　　men doctors男医生

　　women teachers女教师

　　2．高考常考的名词方向

　　⑦名词在语法填空中会考到名词的数、所有格以及名词的构词法。

　　⑧短文改错题常考查名词的数和名词所有格。

　　对点训练

　　完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个知识点(①～⑧)

　　第一组　单项填空

　　1．(2024·浙江卷)As the world's population continues to grow, the ________ of food becomes more and more of a concern.

　　A. worth

　　B. supply

　　C. package

　　D. list

　　答案　__B__　知识点　__⑦__

　　解析　句意：随着世界人口的持续增长，食物供应成了越来越担心的事。supply“供给”，符合句意。

　　2．(2024·江苏卷)With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a ________ for the better.

　　A. share

　　B. chance

　　C. turn

　　D. lead

　　答案　__C__　知识点　__⑦__

　　解析　share“分享”； chance“机会”； turn“变化；转变”； lead“榜样；带头”，根据题意选C项。

　　第二组　语法填空

　　3．(2024·江西卷)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with ________ (patient)．

　　答案　patience　知识点　__⑦__

　　解析　句意：无论什么时候我犯错误，老师都耐心地指出来。patience是patient的名词形式，意为“耐心”，与with搭配。

　　4．— Do you know why Jane was so angry?

　　— Her roommate gave in to ________ (curious) and opened the letter addressed to her.

　　答案　curiosity　知识点　__⑦__

　　解析　句意：——你知道简为什么那么生气吗？——她的室友抑制不住好奇心，拆开了别人写给她的信。curiosity“好奇心”，符合语境。

　　5．Good shoes, clothes and a backpack are the basic ________ (equip) you need for your hiking.

　　答案　equipment　知识点　__⑦__

　　解析　句意：好的鞋、衣服和背包是你徒步旅行需要的基本的装备。equipment“装备；配备”。

　　二、语法一致

　　知识点讲解

　　　①主语是可数名词时，谓语动词的数与主语的数相一致。

　　②and连接两个或以上单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

　　③指物的不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

　　④“the number of ...”作主语时，谓语动词用单数； “a number of ...”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

　　⑤“a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of等＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词与表计量单位的名词一致。

　　Five pieces of paper are painted red.

　　A pair of jeans costs 80 dollars.

　　⑥many a, more than one接单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

　　⑦关系代词作主语，定语从句中谓语动词的数取决于先行词。

　　特别提示　

　　⑧“the only one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构中，定语从句谓语动词用单数。

　　He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.

　　⑨“one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构中，定语从句谓语动词用复数。

　　He is one of my friends who are working hard.

　　⑩主语后有with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as, rather than等短语时，谓语动词的数与短语前名词的数保持一致。

　　对点训练

　　完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个知识点(①～⑩)

　　第一组　单项填空

　　1．(2024·福建卷)The famous musician, as well as his students, ________ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2024 Taipei Flower Expo.

　　A. were invited

　　B. was invited

　　C. have been invited

　　D. has been invited

　　答案　__B__　知识点　__⑩__

　　解析　根据句子的主语the famous musician可排除A、C两项；根据the 2024 Taipei Flower Expo可排除选项D，故答案为B项。

　　2．(2024·湖南卷)The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $8,450 a year, which ________ a burden for some of them.

　　A. are; is

　　B. are; are

　　C. is; are

　　D. is; is

　　答案　__A__　知识点　__①，⑦__

　　解析　第一个空主语为living expenses指复数概念，所以第一个空填are；第二个空which指代around $8,450 a year，所以第二个空填is。

　　第二组　语法填空

　　3．— Hey! Here is a message on my cell phone, telling me to send money to the bank account ...

　　— Delete it! It's a trick. Many a person ________ (cheat) by such tricks.

　　答案　has_been_cheated　知识点　__⑥__

　　解析　many a＋单数可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。根据语境，强调很多人被骗这一结果，用现在完成时态。

　　4．The number of foreigners that came to Huaihua ________

　　(be) still increasing.

　　答案　is　知识点　__④__

　　解析　The number of foreigners意思是“外籍人士的数目”，为单数，故谓语动词用is。

　　5．Is he the only one of the students who ________ (be) here just now?

　　答案　was　知识点　__⑧__

　　解析　句意：他是唯一一个刚才在这里的学生吗？先行词为the only one of the students，是单数概念，关系代词who在定语从句中作主语，定语从句谓语动词用单数，根据从句中的时间状语“just now”可知，从句应用一般过去时。

　　6．The basketball coach, as well as his team, ________ (be) interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.

　　答案　was　知识点　__⑩__

　　解析　句意：因有出色的表现，篮球赛一结束，这位篮球教练以及他的队员就被采访了。主语中心词是the basketball coach，是单数，根据句意使用一般过去时。

　　三、意义一致

　　知识点讲解

　　　①表示时间、金钱、距离的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

　　2,500 miles is a long distance.

　　Two hours is too short for the visit.

　　②分数，百分数，all, some, most, the rest, the remaining, part of等作主语时，谓语动词的数根据of后的名词决定。

　　特别提示　

　　③each, one, no one, some/any/no/everybody/thing作主语或限定主语时，谓语动词用单数。

　　Each of us has a book.

　　④each, all, both用作同位语时，谓语动词与主语保持一致。

　　We each have a book.

　　⑤“the＋形容词”表示一类人/物时，谓语动词用复数；表示抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数。

　　The rich are not always happy.

　　The beautiful is loved by all.

　　⑥当what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词取决于主语从句指代的意义。

　　What we have are only two houses.

　　What is interesting is that the other largest city was Rome.

　　⑦不可数名词、不定式、动名词以及从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

　　Swimming in the sea is great fun.

　　⑧family, team, group, government等集体名词若看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若侧重其成员，谓语动词用复数。

　　Our team wins first in the game.

　　My family are going on a trip this summer.

　　⑨people, cattle, police等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

　　⑩可以表示民族，又可以表示语言的名词如Chinese，表示语言时，谓语动词用单数；表示民族时，谓语动词用复数。

　　Chinese is difficult to learn.

　　Chinese are a hard-working people.

　　population表示人口时，谓语动词用单数；当其前有分数、百分数修饰时，表示全体居民，这时谓语动词用复数。

　　The population of Canada is about 29 million.

　　A third of the population now smoke in this country.

　　news, maths, plastics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

　　对点训练

　　完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个知识点(①～)

　　第一组　单项填空

　　1．Sitting at the back of the room ________ a very shy girl with two bright eyes, who was very sad about her marks.

　　A. is

　　B. were

　　C. are

　　D. was

　　答案　__D__　知识点　__⑦__

　　解析　句意：一个有着一双明亮眼睛的很害羞的女孩坐在教室的后排，她为自己的分数感到很难过。主句中主语为a very shy girl，谓语动词用单数，由从句中的“was”可知主句也应用一般过去时，故选D项。

　　2．— The discussion is over. ________ everyone ready now?

　　— Yes, each of us ________ something to say.

　　A. Is; has

　　B. Is; have

　　C. Are; has

　　D. Are; have

　　答案　__A__　知识点　__③__

　　解析　句意：——讨论结束了。现在大家都准备好了吗？——是的，我们每个人都有话要说。第一空，主语为everyone，谓语动词用单数；第二空，主语为each of us，谓语动词用单数。

　　3．When what is perfect ________， everything imperfect will pass away.

　　A. come

　　B. coming

　　C. comes

　　D. came

　　答案　__C__　知识点　__⑥__

　　解析　句意：当完美来临时，那些不完美的便会消逝。名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数；由句意可知，此处应用一般现在时，故选C项。

　　4．There are so many books in his study, about one third of which ________ worth reading.

　　A. is

　　B. was

　　C. are

　　D. were

　　答案　__C__　知识点　__②__

　　解析　句意：他的书房里有很多书，其中大约三分之一值得读。“分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后名词的数保持一致，关系代词which指代先行词books，结合句意可知，空处用一般现在时，故选C项。

　　第二组　语法填空

　　5．— Some of the students ________ (be) sent to hospital after the three-kilometre race yesterday.

　　— Unbelievable! Three kilometres ________ (be) not very long.

　　答案　were;_is　知识点　__②，①__

　　解析　句意：——昨天一些学生在跑完三千米后被送到了医院。——不可思议！三千米并不太长。第一空， some of the students作主语，谓语动词用复数；第二空， three kilometres作主语，当作一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；第一空用一般过去时，第二空用一般现在时。

　　6．All the scientific evidence ________ (show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming ________ (be) damaging our health.

　　答案　shows;_is　知识点　__⑦__

　　解析　句意：所有的科学证据都表明：农业方面越来越多的使用化学物质正在损害着我们的健康。evidence为不可数名词，谓语动词用shows，宾语从句中用动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用is。

　　7．Part of the family ________ (be) out on holiday.They are supposed to be back at the end of this month.

　　答案　are　知识点　__⑧__

　　解析　family指家庭整体时表单数，指家庭成员时指复数，part可指单数也可指复数，不难理解题干中的part of the family是复数概念。从题干第二个句子的意思可知，第一个句子的意思是“部分家庭成员现在正度假”，应使用一般现在时。

　　8．How close parents are to their children ________ (have) a strong influence on the character of the children.

　　答案　has　知识点　__⑦__

　　解析　how close parents are to their children是主语从句，从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

　　四、邻近一致及主谓一致的特殊情况

　　知识点讲解

　　1．邻近一致

　　①由or, either ... or, neither ... nor, not ... but, not only ... but also等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数要与最靠近的主语的单复数一致。

　　Was he or you able to persuade her?

　　Neither he nor I am going to the cinema.

　　②在倒装句及there be, here be句型中，若有几个并列成分作主语，谓语动词的数要与最靠近的一个主语一致。

　　On the wall hang some pictures.

　　There is a desk and some chairs in the room.

　　There are some chairs and a desk in the room.

　　2．主谓一致的特殊情况

　　③and连接并列主语如果是指同一个人或物，谓语动词用单数。

　　The teacher and singer is a young lady.

　　④and连接的并列主语是单数概念，且前面有every, each, no等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。

　　Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.