北京市房山区2024高考英语完形填空基础练习（5）及答案解析

　　完形填空--------说明文

　　(2024·安徽)If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why.Do you need it for a__41__reason, such as your job or your studies？__42__perhaps you're interested in the__43__，films or music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a__44__of the language.

　　Most people learn best using a variety of__45__， but traditional classes are an ideal(理想的)start for many people.They__46__an environment where you can practice under the __47__ of someone who's good at the language.We all lead __48__ lives and learning a language takes__49__.You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a__50__.It doesn't matter if you haven't got long.Becoming fluent in a language will take years, but learning to get by takes__51__.

　　Many people start learning a language and soon give up.“I'm too__52__，” they say.Yes, children do learn languages more __53__ than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any__54__.And learning is good for the health of your brain, too.I've also heard people__55__ about the mistakes they make when__56__.Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes __57__you're much less likely to make them again.

　　Learning a new language is never __58__.But with some work and devotion, you'll make progress.And you'll be __59__by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in __60__ own language.Good luck!

　　【语篇解读】 该篇文章属于说明文，主要进述了学语言的原因。学好语言的方式：班级授课及经常练习，个人学习语言的态度，即从不放弃，专心致志。

　　41．A.technical

　　B．political

　　C．practical

　　D．physical

　　解析　根据your job or your studies可知，需要学习语言是出于“实际，实用”。technical“技术的”，political“政治的”，physical“身体的”。

　　答案　C

　　42．A.After

　　B．So

　　C．Though

　　D．Or

　　解析　or表示“选择”关系，“或者”。

　　答案　D

　　43．A.literature

　　B．transport

　　C．agriculture

　　D．medicine

　　解析　根据film，music可知，语言与文学有关。

　　答案　A

　　44．A.view

　　B．knowledge

　　C．form

　　D．database

　　解析　a knowledge of“(掌握)某一方面的知识”。句意：掌握该语言对你的帮助有多大。

　　答案　B

　　45．A.paintings

　　B．regulations

　　C．methods

　　D．computers

　　解析　句意：使用多种多样的学习方法，人们能学得更好，但是传统的班级授课制仍对于许多初学者是最好的起点。根据traditional classes可知，该空应为“学习方式(方法)”。

　　答案　C

　　46．A.protect

　　B．change

　　C．respect

　　D．provide

　　解析　句意：班级授课提供了在擅长语言的人指导下进行练习的环境。protect“保护”，change“改变”，respect“尊重”，provide“提供”。

　　答案　D

　　47．A.control

　　B．command

　　C．guidance

　　D．pressure

　　解析　under the guidance of“在……指导下”。control“控制”，command“命令”，pressure“压力”。

　　答案　C

　　48．A.busy

　　B．happy

　　C．simple

　　D．normal

　　解析　句意：我们人人过着忙碌的生活。busy“繁忙的”，happy“幸福的”，simple“简朴的”，normal“正常的”。

　　答案　A

　　49．A.courage

　　B．time

　　C．energy

　　D．place

　　解析　learning a language takes time.学习语言需要时间，从下文take years可推知。

　　答案　B

　　50．A.theory

　　B．business

　　C．routine

　　D．project

　　解析　句意：如果你能定期学习，你将会取得更大的进步，所以你应努力养成一种习惯。由regularly可推知。

　　答案　C

　　51．A.some risks

　　B．a lot less

　　C．some notes

　　D．a lot more

　　解析　句意：语言说得流利会需要好几年的时间，但勉强将就则会需要少得多。根据but可知。

　　答案　B

　　52．A.old

　　B．nervous

　　C．weak

　　D．tired

　　解析　根据下文可知，该空应填入与“年龄”有关的词。

　　答案　A

　　53．A.closely

　　B．quickly

　　C．privately

　　D．quietly

　　解析　句意：孩子学习语言的确要比成年人快。closely“密切地”，quickly“快速地”，privately“私人地”，quietly“静静地”。

　　答案　B

　　54．A.age

　　B．speed

　　C．distance

　　D．school

　　解析　句意：但是研究表明，你在任何年龄都可以学习语言。age“年龄”，speed“速度”，distance“距离”，school“学校”。

　　答案　A

　　55．A.worry

　　B．hesitate

　　C．think

　　D．quarrel

　　解析　worry about“担心”。

　　答案　A

　　56．A.singing

　　B．working

　　C．bargaining

　　D．learning

　　解析　句意：我也听说过人们担心他们在学习中犯错。

　　答案　D

　　57．A.if

　　B．and

　　C．but

　　D．before

　　解析　句意：放松并嘲笑自己的错误，你将会少犯这些错误。该处考查连词的用法。

　　答案　B

　　58．A.tiresome

　　B．hard

　　C．interesting

　　D．easy

　　解析　句意：学习一种新语言从不是轻松的。根据下文but可推知。

　　答案　D

　　59．A.blamed

　　B．amazed

　　C．interrupted

　　D．informed

　　解析　句意：在你能用别人的语言说出几个单词时，你将会对别人积极的回应感到惊讶。blame“责备”，amaze“惊讶”，interrupt“打断”，inform“告知”。

　　答案　B

　　60．A.their

　　B．his

　　C．our

　　D．your

　　解析　根据上文some people可推知。

　　答案　A

　　文体技法归纳

　　说明文是用说明的方式介绍人或事物、解释事理的一种文体。说明文体裁的完形填空的最显著的特点是：

　　1．开头点题

　　做说明文体裁的完形填空时，要明确说明的对象是什么，是具体的实物还是理论性概念。因此，明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在近几年的说明文体裁的完形填空题中，作者一般在文章的首句直接点明要说明的对象。

　　2．结构清晰

　　把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的写作一般按时间顺序(先后顺序等)，空间顺序(从局部到整体，从上到下，从内到外等)，逻辑顺序(前因后果，先果后因，先主后次等)，认知顺序(由此及彼，由浅入深，由具体到抽象，由现象到本质等)。

　　在做说明文体裁的完形填空时，应当特别留意以下几点：

　　1．通过短文首尾句抓主旨

　　通读全文，看它是属于说明事物的说明文还是说明事理的说明文；是单纯说明类的说明文还是说明加叙述类的说明文。而尾句往往是文章的结论或点睛之笔，由此可知，抓住开篇启示作用的首句和总结概括性的尾句是很必要的。

　　2．关注段落间的内在联系

　　由于说明文一般是针对某一个对象从不同的角度和侧面加以说明的，每一段都有侧重点，对这些内容要进行概括、总结，从而找出段落之间的联系，以便更深刻地理解文章的内容。

　　3．根据写作手法理解细节

　　说明文中有些细节就是写作手法的体现，而完形填空往往就是针对这些细节进行考查的。所以，考生要学会逆向推理，从正确理解写作手法入手来把握细节。

　　【深圳市2024高考英语综合能力测试题（2）】

　　完形填空（共1 5小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

　　阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1-15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Robots could soon be introduced into classrooms across the United Kingdom to help children with autism (自闭症).The use of technology in

　　1

　　is nothing new, but Topcliffe Primary School in Birmingham is breaking new ground by helping to develop

　　2

　　for children with autism. The knee-high robots, with the appearance and qualities of a

　　3

　　, can dance to Michael Jackson's Thriller, play games and

　　4

　　Tai Chi. They are made by the French firm Aldebaran, which is working with education experts from the University of Birmingham to inspire interactive learning among

　　5

　　children. Dr Karen Guldberg, from the university’s school of education, said, "We have been

　　6

　　how technology can support pupils with autism to communicate more

　　7

　　. Pupils and teachers in the classrooms are experimenting with the robots as well as other

　　8

　　in a scientific way, and they are showing great benefits for children with autism. The robots have been

　　9

　　modeling good behavior and acting as friends of pupils."

　　Research shows that children with autism often find such technology interesting,

　　10

　　and entertaining, particularly in encouraging them to

　　11

　　and communicate with each other. Ian Lowe, the head teacher at Topcliffe Primary School, said, "The robots have been very

　　12

　　at supporting autistic children with their

　　interactive learning and communication. You can program them to teach language, play games and

　　13

　　behavior. We have even used them in assemblies. And in the future, we are looking to see if they can be used to support learning not just in

　　14

　　but at home as well."

　　The boys are so happy to talk about the robots.

　　15

　　, the fact shows that the robots are valuable in helping autistic children communicate.

　　l. A. factories

　　B. schools

　　C. shops

　　D. hospitals

　　2. A. computers

　　B. robots

　　C. systems

　　D. dogs

　　3. A. girl

　　B. doll

　　C. man

　　D. cat

　　4. A. create

　　B. invent

　　C. imitate

　　D. use

　　5. A. foolish

　　B. smart

　　C. lazy

　　D. autistic

　　6. A. reaming

　　B. developing

　　C. organizing

　　D. researching

　　7. A. politely

　　B. happily

　　C. gracefully

　　D. effectively

　　8. A. programs

　　B. technologies

　　C. tools

　　D. pets

　　9. A. successfully

　　B. tightly

　　C. partly

　　D. frequently

　　10. A. boring

　　B. tiring

　　C. pleasant

　　D. ridiculous

　　11. A. interact

　　B. fight

　　C. compete

　　D. love

　　12. A. stupid

　　B. intelligent

　　C. happy

　　D. confused

　　13. A. model

　　B. act

　　C. prevent

　　D. communicate

　　14. A. offices

　　B. classrooms

　　C. restrooms

　　D. museums

　　15. A. Luckily

　　B. Seriously

　　C. Obviously

　　D. Regularly

　　【参考答案】1-5 BBCCD

　　6-10 DDBAC

　　11-15 ABABC

　　完形填空

　　本文是一篇说明文。讲述的是机器人被引进学校，帮助自闭症孩子提升交流能力。

　　1. B。答案重现，根据后面的Topcliffe Primary School可知，应选 B。

　　2. B。根据文章第一句Robots could soon be introduced into classrooms across the United Kingdom to help children with autism (自闭症)可知答案为B。

　　3. C。根据逻辑推理...can dance to Michael Jackson’s Thriller, play games可知是“人的特质”，因此应选C。

　　4. C。根据句意排除法，机器人只能“模仿”太极,其他选项均不符合句意。

　　5. D。根据逻辑推理，前文讲的是自闭症孩子，而autistic 是自闭症(autism)的形容词，因此应选D。

　　6. D。根据句意，应是观察研究这种技术如何帮助孩子，而选项只有D符合该意思。

　　7. D。根据逻辑推理和上下文可知自闭症孩子交流有问题，所以该技术可使孩子的交流更加有效顺利, effectively意为“高效的”，因此应选D。

　　8. B。根据前文as well as other...，可知此处应与robots 同类，都是技术，因此应选B。program意为“节目，程序”，technology 意为“技术”，tool意为“工具”，pet 意为“宠物”。

　　9. A。根据上下文，机器人已经“成功地”模仿了一些好的行为并且扮演了孩子们的好朋友的角色。

　　10. C。此处应与interesting 和 entertaining 同性质的词，因此应选C。

　　11. A。根据句意及后面的and communicate 可知,此处应选择与communicate同义的词， 所以应选A。

　　12. B。根据下文You can program them to teach language, play games可知，机器人很聪明。

　　13. A。根据前文The robots have been modeling good behavior and acting as friends of pupils可知机器人可以“模仿”人的行为，因此应选A。

　　14. B。根据全文背景，机器人在学校中得到应用，与之相关的场所应是教室，因此应选B。

　　15. C。根据最后一段The boys are so happy to talk about the robots这一事实“明显”可知机器人很有价值，因此答案为C。

　　说明文

　　(2024·课标·全国)Body language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks __41__ than words.According to specialists，our bodies send out more __42__ than we realize.In fact，non－verbal(非言语)communication takes up about 50% of what we really __43__.And body language is particularly __44__ when we attempt to communicate across cultures.Indeed，what is called body language is so __45__ a part of us that it's actually often unnoticed.And misunderstandings occur as a result of it.__46__，different societies treat the __47__ between people differently.Northern Europeans usually do not like having __48__ contact(接触)even with friends，and certainly not with __49__.People from Latin American countries，__50__，touch each other quite a lot.Therefore，it's possible that in __51__，it may look like a Latino is __52__ a Norwegian all over the room.The Latino，trying to express friendship，will keep moving __53__.The Norwegian，very probably seeing this as pushiness，will keep __54__ —which the Latino will in return regard as __55__.