必修五 Unit 1　Great scientists

　　晨背三部曲（话题：兴趣与爱好）

　　满分佳作

　　(2024·江西高考)某英文报社举办以“I Like Reading”为主题的征文活动， 你打算投稿。 请根据以下要点写一篇短文：

　　1．你为什么喜欢读书；

　　2．你喜欢哪一类的书(例如：历史、科学、文学等)？请给出至少两个理由。

　　I Like Reading

　　Reading is my favorite hobby. I can never stop the love for reading because books are like ①wise teachers as well as good friends in my life. As we all know, boo` are the source of knowledge. I benefit a great deal from reading.

　　There are a variety of books for us to choose from, like history books, science books, literary books and so on. But ②what interests me most is literary books, especially those by famous writers. For one thing, they help to improve my writing skills and broaden my horizons. For another, they can enrich my life and provide me with great fun. Isn't it a pleasure to have great calm in mind while you are reading?

　　热身体验

　　句式仿写

　　1．I can never stop the love for reading because books are like wise teachers as well as good friends

　　in my life.

　　→She shares (in) my_troubles_as_well_as_my_joys (同甘共苦)．

　　2．But

　　what interests me most

　　is literary books, especially those by famous writers.

　　→What_you_said_just_now (你刚才所说的) is very important.

　　Ⅰ.词海拾贝

　　基础记忆

　　1．analyse vt.　分析

　　2．defeat vt.

　　打败；战胜；使受挫n.

　　失败

　　3．attend vt.

　　照顾；护理；出席；参加

　　4．cure n.

　　治愈；痊愈vt.

　　治愈；治疗

　　5．challenge n.

　　挑战 vt.

　　向……挑战

　　6．suspect vt.

　　认为；怀疑

　　n.

　　被怀疑者；嫌疑犯

　　7．blame vt.

　　责备；谴责n.

　　过失；责备

　　8．handle n.

　　柄；把手vt.

　　处理；操纵

　　9．link vt.& n.

　　连接；联系

　　10．conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出→conclusion n．结论；结束

　　11．expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光→exposed adj.无遮蔽的；无保护的；风险高的

　　12．pollute vt.污染；弄脏→pollution n．污染

　　13．announce vt.宣布；通告→announcement n．通知；宣告→announcer n．播音员；广播员

　　14．construct vt.建设；修建→construction n．建设；建筑物

　　15．contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助→contribution n．捐献；贡献；捐助

　　16．reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃→rejection n．拒绝；抛弃

　　语境记忆

　　17．It was concluded that he didn't tell us the truth.I came to the conclusion that he was lying.(conclude)

　　18．The workers are constructing the bridge damaged by the flood, and the bridge under construction connects the road with the town.(construct)

　　19．The famous star has contributed a lot of money to the school and has made a great contribution to the building of the school.(contribute)

　　20．The announcer made an announcement that all the details should be announced through the broadcast.(announce)

　　篇章记忆

　　When the construction came to the stage of painting, some workers were defeated by a severe disease.An expert was called in to handle this case.He was enthusiastic, but he didn't foresee that it was a hard challenge.After simple enquiry, he announced that the paint was to blame.But without positive evidence, people suspected and rejected his view.He absorbed himself to the case, and analysed the data cautiously.Finally, he proved he was right.

　　Ⅱ.短语互译

　　1.提出

　　put_forward

　　2．得出结论

　　draw_a_conclusion

　　3．使显露；暴露

　　expose_..._to

　　4．讲得通；有意义

　　make_sense

　　5．面对挑战

　　face_a_challenge

　　6．link ... to ...

　　将……和……联系或连接起来

　　7．apart from

　　除……之外；此外

　　8．(be) strict with ...

　　对……严格的

　　9．be to blame

　　应受谴责

　　10．lead to

　　导致

　　Ⅲ.句型一览

　　1.neither ... nor ... 既不……也不……

　　Neither its cause nor (既不……也不……) its cure was understood.

　　2．every time引导的时间状语从句

　　So many thousands of terrified people died every_time_there_was_an_outbreak (每次爆发时)．

　　3．“only＋状语从句”置于句首，主句使用部分倒装

　　Only_if_you_put_the_sun_there (只有把太阳放在那里) did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.

　　Ⅳ.语法自测——过去分词作定语或表语完成句子

　　1．Before us lies the biggest room, filled_with_things like guns, dolls and old clothes.(fill)

　　我们面前是最大的房间，里面装满了枪支、玩偶和旧衣服之类的东西。

　　2．Have you ever considered how weak humans are compared_with/to a volcano, hurricane or earthquake？(compare)

　　你曾想到过吗，与火山、飓风或地震相比，人类是多么的渺小？

　　3．Jason is often educated by his parents to be friendly to others even if (he_is)_treated_unfairly.(treat)

　　Jason 的父母经常教育他对人要友善，即使是受到了不公正对待。

　　4．It was the farmer as well as his two sons who/that_was_suspected_of_stealing the precious stone from the ancient tomb.(suspect)

　　正是那个农民及他的两个儿子被怀疑偷盗了那座古墓中的宝石。

　　1.conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出

　　(1)conclude 　根据某事推断出……

　　conclude sth.

　　以……结束

　　(2)conclusion n.

　　结论

　　arrive at/come to/reach/draw a conclusion

　　(the conclusion that ...)

　　得出结论

　　in conclusion

　　总而言之

　　jump/leap to conclusions

　　匆忙下结论

　　He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.

　　他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。

　　②In conclusion, people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water resources.(福建书面表达)

　　总之，全世界的人们都应该意识到水资源的真实现状。

　　【联想发散】表示“总而言之”的其他表达：

　　in_short,_in_brief,_in_a_word,_all_in_all,_to_sum_up,_briefly_(speaking),_on_the_whole,_in_a_nutshell等。

　　【对点练习】

　　一句多译

　　他们得出结论：它是不明飞行物。

　　①They_concluded_that it was a UFO.(conclude)

　　②They_reached/drew_the_conclusion that it was a UFO.(conclusion)

　　③The conclusion they_arrived_at/came_to/drew was that it was a UFO.

　　【真题印证】

　　④(2024·浙江高考)When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to ________ it with important points.

　　A．concludeB．lead

　　C．avoid

　　D．hold

　　解析：选A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：当小组讨论即将结束的时候，要确保以要点来总结讨论内容。conclude“得出结论，做出总结”，符合句意。lead“带路”；avoid“避免”；hold“容纳”。

　　2.attend vt.出席；参加；照顾；护理；注意

　　vi.专心；留意

　　attend a meeting/a lecture/a wedding/school/church/an interview参加会议/听演讲/参加婚礼/上学/做礼拜/参加面试

　　attend on/upon sb.

　　伺候某人；照顾某人

　　attend to

　　处理；倾听；专心于；照料

　　①One day, he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview.(2024·山东阅读A)

　　一天，他积攒了所有的勇气，决定去参加一个招聘面试。

　　②That holiday morning I didn't have to attend school.(2024·江西完形)

　　那个假期的早晨，我不必去上学。

　　【对点练习】

　　用attend的相关短语完成下列句子

　　①她伺候生病的婆婆三十多年，受到人们的称赞。

　　She was praised for having attended_on/upon her sick mother-in-law for over thirty years.

　　②今晚我不能与你一起外出，因为我有一件急事要处理。

　　I can't go out with you tonight because I have an urgent thing to attend_to.

　　3.expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临

　　(1)expose ... to ... 使显露；暴露

　　(2)exposed adj.

　　暴露的；暴露于风雨中的；无掩蔽的

　　be exposed to ...

　　暴露于……

　　We want to expose the kids to art and culture as much as possible.

　　我们想让孩子们尽可能多地受到艺术和文化的熏陶。

　　②However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices.(2024·陕西阅读C)

　　然而，意识到这些危险是很重要的，因为不管你选择什么样的生活方式，每个人都处于空气污染之中。

　　【关键一点】　expose ... to ... 结构中的to为介词，其后需用名词、代词、动词-ing形式作宾语；expose后若无宾语，则常常使用它的被动形式。

　　Take care not to keep your children exposed to the bad books, net and magazines.

　　当心不要让孩子接触不良书籍、网络和杂志。

　　【轻松识记】

　　【对点练习】

　　Ⅰ.完成句子

　　①Take care not to keep_your_children_exposed_to the bad books and magazines.(expose)

　　当心不要让孩子接触不良书籍和杂志。

　　②Being_exposed_to sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin.(expose)

　　暴露在阳光下太久对皮肤有伤害。

　　Ⅱ.句式升级

　　③If_exposed_to_sunlight_for_too_much_time,_you_will_get_sun-_burnt.(用省略句改写练习②)

　　4.cure n．治愈；痊愈 vt.治愈；治疗

　　①Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure.(2024·江苏阅读C)

　　药物有时是“致病”而非“治病”。

　　(1)a cure for ... 治疗……病的方法

　　(2)cure sb. of sth.

　　治好/矫正某人的……

　　②The book is an easy-to-read collection of poems originally written to be a cure for chronic depression.(2024·陕西阅读A改编)

　　本书是一部通俗易懂的诗集，最初的目的是用来治疗慢性抑郁症。

　　③The song cured her of her broken heart.

　　这首歌曲让她那颗已经伤透的心好起来。

　　【联想发散】常见“动词＋sb. of sth.”短语还有：

　　①accuse sb.of sth.指控某人某事

　　②inform sb.of sth.

　　通知某人某事

　　③cheat sb.of sth.

　　欺骗某人的某物

　　④suspect sb.of (doing) sth.

　　怀疑某人(做过)某事

　　⑤remind sb.of sth.

　　使某人想起某事；

　　提醒某人某事

　　⑥rob sb.of sth.

　　抢某人的某物

　　⑦warn sb.of sth.

　　警告某人某事

　　⑧persuade/convince sb.of sth.

　　使某人相信某事

　　【个性比较】　cure, treat

　　cure “治疗，治愈”。多用于药物治疗，并治愈某种疾病或改正不良习惯。常用于cure sb.of sth.结构中

　　treat 指治疗病人的全过程或活动，并不涉及“治愈”这个结果。常用于treat sb.for sth.结构中

　　【对点练习】

　　选词填空(cure/treat)

　　①The doctor treated her for her heart attack with a new medicine, but didn't cure her of the disease.

　　②This will cure him of his bad habit.

　　5.absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心；并入；吞并

　　Fransois Englert and Peter Higgs, the Nobel Prize winners in Physics in 2024 have absorbed many experts' attention.

　　两位2024年诺贝尔物理学奖得主佛朗索瓦·恩格勒和彼得·希格斯引起了许多专家的注意。

　　②Look, the three astronauts absorb themselves in the experiment in Tiangong-1.

　　看，这三位航天员正在天宫一号里专心做实验。

　　【轻松识记】

　　【对点练习】

　　Ⅰ.完成句子

　　①With the development of science and technology, the surrounding villages have_been_absorbed by the growing city.(absorb)

　　随着科技的发展，附近的村庄已被快速发展的城市吞并了。

　　②It was his attractive voice that_absorbed_many_experts'_attention.(absorb)

　　正是他有吸引力的声音吸引了许多专家的注意。

　　Ⅱ.一句多译

　　③汤姆专心于工作，忘记通知她这件事。

　　③－1 Tom was_so_absorbed_in his work that he forgot to inform her of it.

　　③－2Absorbed_in his work, he forgot to inform her of it.

　　6.blame vt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于 n．过失；责备

　　　①Instead of blaming each other, we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' place.

　　(2024·江苏书面表达)

　　我们应该多交流，换位思考而不是相互责怪。

　　(1)blame sb. for sth.　因某事而责备某人

　　blame sth. on sb.

　　把某事怪到某人头上

　　be to blame

　　应受责备；应负责任(常用主动形式表示被动意义)

　　(2)get/accept/bear/take the blame for ... 对……负责

　　lay/put the blame for sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人身上

　　②In terms of this severe traffic accident, the police had figured out the cause of the case and it was the driver of lorry that should be to blame.

　　针对这起严重的交通事故，警方已经查明事情的起因，是那位卡车司机应为此事负责。

　　③I am ready to take the blame for the mistake.

　　我准备承担这一错误的责任。

　　【对点练习】

　　完成句子

　　①Jeremy rather than his friends_is_to_blame_for the accident.He shouldn't have driven after being drunk.(blame)

　　是杰里米而不是他的朋友们应对这次事故负责。他本不该酒后驾车。