选修八Unit 1　A land of diversity

　　晨背三部曲（话题：个人情况）

　　满分佳作

　　(2024·安徽高考)假设你校英语社团举办以“讲求文明，从我做起”为主题的征文活动，请你以“On the Way to School”为题，写一篇英语短文。内容主要包括：

　　1．遵守交通法规；

　　2．注意举止文明。

　　On the Way to School

　　These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, ①causing serious harm to life and the environment. Changing this situation requires considerable effort on the part of everyone. As for me, it should start on my way to school.

　　I will keep traffic rules in mind all the way. If I ride a bike, I'll always keep to the right and never cross a road until the traffic light turns green. If I walk, I'll never forget to use the pedestrian crossing. Meanwhile, I will regard it as my duty to help keep our environment clean and healthy. Not only will I keep from littering or spitting anywhere, but I will help clean up the roadside litter ②whenever possible. I hope my behaviour will make a difference.

　　热身体验

　　句式仿写

　　1．These days,

　　breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing serious harm to life and the environment.

　　→The fire lasted a whole night, causing_great_damage (造成了巨大损失)．

　　2．ot only will I keep from littering or spitting anywhere, but I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible.

　　→She always sings while_doing_her_work (当她工作时)．

　　Ⅰ.词海拾贝

　　基础记忆

　　1．means n．手段；方法

　　2．boom n.

　　(人口、贸易的)繁荣vi.

　　处于经济迅速发展时期

　　3．customs n.

　　海关；关税；进口税

　　4．occur vi.

　　发生；出现

　　5．indicate vt.

　　指出；标示；表明；暗示

　　6．luggage n.

　　行李

　　7．slip vi.

　　滑动；滑行；滑跤n.

　　滑动；滑倒

　　8．hire vt.& n.

　　租用；雇用

　　9．nowhere adv.

　　无处；到处都无

　　10．reform vt.& vi.

　　改革；革新n.

　　改革；改造；改良

　　11．grasp vt.& n.

　　抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会

　　12．distinct adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的→distinction n．差别；区分；卓著

　　13．majority n．大多数；大半→minority n．少数

　　14．elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人→election n．选举

　　15．applicant n．申请人→apply vi.申请→application n．申请书；申请

　　16．apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的→apparently adv.显然地；显而易见地

　　语境记忆

　　17. Apparently,_she took no notice of the apparent mistakes in the accident.(apparent)

　　18．All the applicants can apply in person or by letter and at the same time should hand in their applications before May 6th.(apply)

　　篇章记忆

　　Apparently, in such big cities as Beijing a high percentage of their population are from different cities, and even different nationalities and races.The majority are not natives, so their social culture is a mixture.

　　Ⅱ.短语互译 1.继续存在；继续生存live_on

　　2．用……方法；借助……

　　by_means_of_...

　　3．习惯于新的生活方式、工作等

　　make_a_life

　　4．坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)

　　keep_up

　　5．背靠背

　　back_to_back

　　6．team up with

　　与……合作或一起工作

　　7．mark out

　　画线；标出……界线

　　8．take in

　　包括；吸收

　　9．a great/good many

　　许多；很多

　　10．apply for

　　申请；请示得到

　　Ⅲ.句型一览 1.what引导宾语从句

　　Exactly when the first people arrived in what_we_now_know_as_California (我们现在称作加利福尼亚的地方), no one really knows.

　　2．It is likely that ... 很可能……

　　However, it_is_likely_that (很可能) Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.

　　3．why引导的表语从句，表示“……的原因”

　　That_is_why (那就是为什么) today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.

　　4．It is＋believed/reported＋that ...据信/据报道……

　　It_is_believed_that (人们认为) before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.

　　Ⅳ.语法自测——名词性从句完成句子

　　1．Could you tell me where_it_was_that you found the missing boy？(it)

　　你能告诉我你究竟是在哪里找到的那个丢失的男孩？

　　2．Decades of reform and opening-up has made our motherland what_she/it_is now.(what)

　　几十年的改革开放使得我们祖国发展成为现在的样子了。

　　3．That_he_was_caught_stealing/His_being_caught_stealing in the street made his mother very angry.(catch)

　　他被抓住在街上偷东西令他妈妈很生气。

　　4．The progress of the work will depend on what_the_weather_conditions_are_like_and_how_modern_the_equipment_is.(be)

　　这项工作的进展情况将取决于天气条件和设备的现代化程度。

　　5．What some teenagers do not realize is_how_difficult_life_can/will_be after they get addicted to drugs.(be)

　　一些青少年没有意识到的是吸毒成瘾后生活是多么的艰难。

　　1.means n．手段；方法

　　by this means用这种方法

　　by means of

　　通过；用；借助于

　　by no means

　　决不；一点也不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)

　　by all means

　　务必；不惜一切代价；(用于交际英语表示同意)当然可以；没问题

　　①You can't take any means

　　of transportation more than once.(2024·湖北阅读B)

　　对于任何一种交通方式你都不能够乘坐第二次。

　　②She could not speak, but made her wishes known by means of signs.

　　她不会说话，但她用手势表达了她的愿望。

　　【关键一点】　means意为“方式，方法”时单复数同形。若all/some/several/many means等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；若every/each/one/a means等作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。

　　【对点练习】

　　Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空

　　①They tried all means, which possibly are (be) helpful, but unfortunately not a means has (have) worked so far.

　　Ⅱ.根据英汉提示完成小片段

　　②他对工作一点也不满意，他要求我们不惜一切代价完成这项任务。

　　By_no_means was he satisfied with the job and he asked us to finish the task by_all_means.

　　2.majority n．大多数；大半

　　(1)the/a majority of大多数

　　by/with a majority

　　以多数；大半

　　be in the/a majority

　　构成大部分/大多数

　　have a majority over sb.

　　获得多于某人的……

　　(2) minority n.

　　少数

　　in the minority

　　占少数

　　The majority of citizens consider an ordinary job boring or even valueless.(2024·广东写作)

　　大部分市民认为普通的工作无聊甚至是无价值。

　　②Only a minority of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking subway to work are in the/a majority.

　　在那个城市只有少数人没有汽车，但是乘坐地铁上班的人却占了大多数。

　　【关键一点】　the/a majority of＋名词作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词相一致；the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。

　　【对点练习】

　　用所给动词的适当形式填空

　　①The majority of people find (find) it quite hard to live on the money they earn.

　　②The majority were/was (be) on the England's team, but it greatly disappointed them.

　　3.occur vi.发生；出现

　　①Were there no cleaners, an inevitable deterioration in environment would occur.(2024·广东写作)

　　要是没有清洁工人，环境恶化就会不可避免地发生。

　　(1)sth.occurs to sb.　 某人突然想起某事

　　It occurs to sb.that ...

　　某人突然想起……

　　It occurs to sb.to do sth.

　　某人突然想起做某事

　　(2)occurrence n.

　　发生；出现；(偶然)事件

　　It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.

　　我从未想到过你能说服他改变想法。

　　【联想发散】表达“某人突然想起……”的句型还有：

　　主语 句型

　　事物或it sth.comes to sb.; sth.hits/strikes sb.；It strikes/hits sb. that ...

　　人 sb.comes up with sth.; sb.hits/strikes on sth.

　　【对点练习】

　　对比填空

　　It me that I had not handed in my paper.

　　4.indicate vt.指出，标示；指明，表明；暗示

　　(1)indicate sth.to sb.　向某人指出某物

　　indicate that ...

　　示意；表明

　　as ...indicate

　　正如……所示

　　(2)indication n.

　　指示；象征；预示

　　There is some/no indication that ...

　　有/无迹象表明……

　　I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite to me.

　　我问他我妹妹在哪里时，他指了指对面的商店。

　　②Research indicates that men find it easier to give up smoking than women.

　　研究表明，男人比女人更容易戒烟。

　　【对点练习】

　　完成句子

　　①Just_as_the_story_indicates,_“Where there is life, there is hope.” (indicate)

　　正如这个故事所暗示的：留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。

　　②There_is_some_indication_that the hurricane was over. (be)

　　有迹象表明飓风已经结束。

　　5.apparently adv.显然地；显而易见地

　　As is apparently shown/stated in the picture/chart/passage above ...

　　正如上面图画/图表/文中明显展示/陈述的那样……

　　(2)apparent adj.

　　显然的；显而易见的

　　It is apparent that ...

　　显然…… (＝ apparently)

　　It is apparent from sth. that ...

　　从某物上很明显地看出……

　　It is apparent to sb. that ...

　　某人明白……

　　It soon became apparent to everyone that he couldn't sing.

　　很快大家都明白他不会唱歌。

　　②It was apparent from his words that he was unsatisfied with the result.

　　从他的言语中可以明显地看出他对这个结果不满意。

　　【对点练习】

　　Ⅰ.完成句子

　　①As_is_apparently_shown_in_the_chart_above,_there are about 10% of the students supporting the idea.(show)

　　正如上面图表中明确显示的那样，大约10%的学生支持这种观点。

　　Ⅱ.一句多译

　　②显然他陷入了沉思。

　　②－1Apparently,_he was lost in thought.

　　②－2It_is_apparent_that he was lost in thought.

　　6.take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留

　　　①I managed to rent a big enough house to take in a handful of people.(2024·江苏完形)

　　我设法租了一个足够大的房子以收容一些人。

　　take off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功

　　take on

　　呈现；雇用

　　take over

　　接收；接管；取代

　　take up

　　占去；占据；开始；从事

　　②My writing career took off when I discovered my own style.

　　找到自己的写作风格后，我的写作事业开始有起色了。

　　③In the past few years, the village has taken on a new look.

　　在过去的几年中，这个村庄呈现出了新面貌。

　　【对点练习】

　　写出下列句中take in的含义

　　①This is the total cost of the holiday, taking everything in.包括

　　②Don't be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.欺骗

　　③I found it easy to take in what the teacher had taught.理解

　　【真题印证】

　　④(2011·陕西高考)Some insects ________ the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.

　　A．take in

　　B．take off

　　C．take on

　　D．take out

　　解析：选C　考查动词短语辨析。句意：有些昆虫为了自我保护会呈现出周围环境的颜色。take on“呈现”，符合句意。take in“吸收，欺骗”；take off“脱衣，起飞，成功”；take out“掏出，取出”，均不合句意。

　　　①elect vt.　选择；决定做某事；选举某人

　　elect to do ...

　　选择或决定做……

　　elect sb.(to be/as) ...

　　选举某人为……

　　②team up with

　　与……合作或一起工作

　　team spirit

　　合作精神；团队精神

　　teamwork n.

　　协同工作；配合

　　mark out

　　画线；标出……界线

　　④a great/good many

　　很多；许多

　　a great/good many用于修饰可数名词，其后名词前有限定词时，常用a great/good many of ...

　　【对点练习】

　　选词填空

　　①He_was_elected_(to_be/as) the new Prime Minister.

　　②When doing my reading, I often mark_out what I regard as important in a book.

　　③I teamed_up_with Tom to do the work according to the assignment.

　　④A_great/good_many_of his books are said to have been translated into many foreign language.

　　⑤We have a_great/good_many things to do at present.

　　1.That_is_why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.

　　这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。

　　【句型透视】(1)That is why ...“这就是为什么……”(why从句表示结果)。