Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars

　　晨背三部曲（名词性从句　经典佳句　

　　1．我猜你真正想说的是最近你无事可做。

　　I guess what you were really trying to say is that you've got nothing to do these days.

　　2．然而最新消息显示她17岁的女儿已被哈佛和耶鲁大学录取。

　　However, the latest news shows that her 17-year-old daughter was admitted into Harvard and Yale University.

　　3．的确，我们周围有许多人，不管他们想做什么都能出类拔萃。

　　Indeed, there are so many people around us who can excel in whatever

　　they want to do.

　　4．他以为父母讨厌他并且那就是他们将他留在寄宿制学校的原因。

　　He thought his parents hated him and that that

　　was why they left him in a boarding school.

　　5．现在，有一种现象，越来越多的中学生在网上开办自己的博客。

　　Nowadays, there is a phenomenon that more and more high school students open their own blogs on the Internet.

　　句式仿写

　　1．Besides, it is what_my_father_sent_to_me (爸爸送给我的) on my birthday.

　　2．25% of my classmates hold_the_view_that (持……观点) doing part-time jobs will help one gain work experience and learn more of the society.

　　Ⅰ.词海拾贝

　　基础记忆

　　1．system

　　n．　系统；体系；制度

　　2．theory

　　n.

　　学说；理论

　　3．atmosphere

　　n.

　　大气层；气氛

　　4．fundamental

　　adj.

　　基本的；基础的

　　5．thus

　　adv.

　　因此；于是

　　6．puzzle

　　vt.& vi.

　　(使)迷惑；(使)为难n.

　　谜；难题

　　7．gentle

　　adj.

　　温和的；文雅的

　　8．crash

　　vi.& vt.

　　碰撞；坠落

　　9．pull

　　n．& vt.

　　拉(力)；拖；牵引力

　　10．float

　　vi.& vt.

　　(使)浮动；(使)漂浮 n.

　　漂浮物

　　11．unlike

　　prep.不同；不像→like

　　vt.喜欢 prep.相像的→likely

　　adj.可能的

　　12．violent

　　adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence

　　n．暴力→violently

　　adv.暴力地；猛烈地

　　13．harmful

　　adj.有害的→harm

　　n．& v．伤害→harmless

　　adj.无害的

　　14．exist

　　vi.存在；生存→existence

　　n．存在；生存

　　语境记忆

　　15．A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult (侮辱)．(violence) (2024·浙江阅读C)

　　16．This object gives off harmful gases. They may do harm to our health. You must make the object harmless before you use it.(harm)

　　17. Do you believe in the existence of ghosts? Perhaps they only exist in the minds of some people.(exist)

　　篇章记忆

　　With the development of astronomy, people know more about the fundamental theory of climate, atmosphere and the globe.Now more and more satellites and spaceships have been sent up into space where there's no oxygen or gravity.

　　Ⅱ.短语互译

　　1.及时；终于in_time

　　2．轮到某人；接着

　　in_one's_turn

　　3．阻止；制止

　　prevent_..._from

　　4．感到高兴；感到振奋

　　cheer_up

　　5．突发；爆发

　　break_out

　　6．watch out for

　　密切注意；当心；提防

　　7．lay eggs

　　下蛋

　　8．give birth to

　　产生；分娩

　　9．now that

　　既然

　　10．block out

　　挡住(光线)

　　Ⅲ.句型一览

　　1.so ... that ... 如此……以至于……

　　The earth became_so_violent_that (变得如此猛烈以至于) it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.

　　2．“make it possible to do sth.”结构

　　This produced a chain reaction, which made_it_possible_for_life_to_develop (使生命的生长发育成为一种可能)．

　　3．“倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as”句型

　　But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice_as_far_as_on_the_earth (是地球上的两倍远) and fell over.

　　4．now that引导的原因状语从句

　　Walking does need a bit of practice now_that_gravity_has_changed (既然地球引力已发生了变化)．

　　Ⅳ.语法自测——主语从句完成句子

　　1．What_amazed_me_most was that the young boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his foot.(amaze)

　　最令我惊讶的是，这个在车祸中失去双臂的小男孩能够用脚使用钢笔。

　　2．That_he_was_caught_cheating/His_being_caught_cheating in the exam made his headteacher very angry.(catch)

　　他被抓住考试作弊令班主任很生气。

　　3．What_is_well_known_to everyone, I should say, is that a man becomes learned by asking questions.(know)

　　我应该说，众所周知：要长学问，就得多问。

　　4．It is shown that_men_have_twice_as_many_serious_accidents as women do on average while driving according to recent statistics.(have)

　　最近的数据表明，男士在开车时发生的严重事故平均是女士的两倍。

　　5．So far, how_they_will_solve_the_serious_problem has not been decided.(solve)

　　目前为止，他们将怎样解决这个严重的问题还没有决定。

　　1.exist

　　vi.存在；生存

　　(1)exist in　存在于……中

　　exist on

　　靠……生活/生存

　　There exists/existed ...

　　某地有……

　　(2)existence

　　n.

　　存在；生活

　　in existence

　　现存的；现有的

　　come into existence

　　产生；成立；开始存在

　　①China continues to make sincere efforts to properly handle the differences that exist with some of its neighbors.

　　中国继续做出真诚的努力，妥善处理与一些邻国之间存在的分歧。

　　②There existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen.(2011·全国卷Ⅰ阅读A)

　　各家各户和他们的送奶人之间存在一种亲密的关系。

　　【对点练习】

　　介词填空

　　①They can't exist on the money he's earning.

　　②No one knows how this world came into existence.

　　③Even though he is a little boy, strange ideas always exist in his mind.

　　④The Imperial Palace in Beijing has been in existence for more than 500 years.

　　2.puzzle

　　n．谜；难题 vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难

　　(1)be in a puzzle about sth.　对某事迷惑不解

　　(2)puzzle sb.

　　使某人为难

　　be puzzled by

　　被……迷惑

　　puzzle about/over sth.

　　苦苦思索；仔细琢磨

　　(3)puzzling

　　adj.

　　令人困惑的

　　puzzled

　　adj.

　　感到困惑的

　　What puzzles me is why he left the country without telling anyone.

　　令我百思不解的是他为什么悄悄地离开了这个国家。

　　②Her puzzled look on her face suggested she didn't understand what I said.

　　她脸上迷惑的表情表明她不明白我说的话。【对点练习】

　　完成句子

　　①I knew which piece

　　of work was most urgent, while his explanation only made me more_puzzled_about/over it than ever.(puzzle)

　　我知道哪件工作最紧迫，然而他这一说反而让我对此感到更迷惑了。

　　②What_puzzled_me_most was the puzzling question he put forward.(puzzle)

　　最让我疑惑不解的是他提出的那个令人疑惑的问题。

　　③The student was somewhat puzzled_about/over_what_to_do next, but then at last the penny dropped.(puzzle)

　　这个学生对下一步做什么有点伤透脑筋，但最终明白了。

　　3.in time及时；终于；迟早

　　①If you keep on, you will succeed in time.

　　如果坚持下去，总有一天你会成功的。

　　(1)in time for ... 后接名词，意为“刚好赶上……”。

　　in time to do sth.　及时做某事

　　(2)in no time

　　立刻；马上

　　at no time

　　决不

　　at a time

　　每次；一次

　　at one time

　　曾经；一度

　　at the same time

　　同时

　　from time to time

　　有时；偶尔

　　②The car came to a halt just in time to prevent an accident.

　　汽车及时停下了，避免了一起事故。

　　③At one time, half the land on the earth's surface was covered by forest.

　　曾经，地球表面有一半的土地被森林所覆盖。

　　【对点练习】

　　根据英汉提示完成小片段

　　①我曾一度对滑冰十分痴迷，然而却时而摔在冰面上，但是我知道如果缺乏训练我绝对不会熟练。

　　At_one_time I grew crazy about skating. However, I fell onto the ground from_time_to_time,_but I knew that I would at_no_time be skilled if I lacked practice.

　　【真题印证】

　　②(2024·江苏高考)—Thank God you're safe!

　　—I stepped back, just ________ to avoid the racing car.

　　A．in timeB．in case

　　C．in need

　　D．in vain

　　解析：选A　考查介词短语辨析。句意：“谢天谢地，你安全了！”“我向后退了一步，正好及时避开了赛车。”in time“及时”；in case“万一，假使”；in need“需要”；in vain“徒劳，无济于事”。根据句意可知A项正确。

　　4.in one's turn轮到某人；接着

　　①I will, in my turn, clean the window next week.

　　下周将轮到我擦窗户了。

　　in turn依次；轮流；反之；反过来

　　by turns

　　轮流；交替地

　　take turns to do sth.

　　轮流做某事

　　It is one's turn to do sth.

　　轮到某人做某事

　　②All theories come from practice and in turn serve practice.

　　所有的理论都来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。

　　③Now it is your turn to look after the children.

　　现在轮到你照看孩子们了。

　　【关键一点】　by turns是“交替，轮流”的意思，多指两个人或两个行为之间的交替进行；如表示“按顺序”则应用in turn。

　　【对点练习】

　　用turn的相关短语完成下列句子

　　①你们不能全体一起上，你们得轮流做。

　　You can't all do it together; you'll have to take_turns.

　　②人们试图使用自己的小汽车避免公共交通延误，反过来，这造成更多的问题。

　　People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this in_turn creates more problems.

　　③轮到我的时候，我买走了最后一张CD。

　　I bought the last CD in_my_turn.

　　5.prevent ... from阻止；制止

　　prevent/stop/keep ... from doing sth.

　　　阻止……做某事

　　protect ... from

　　保护……不受……侵袭；挡住；防御

　　keep ... doing sth.

　　使……一直做某事

　　①His advice prevented/kept/stopped me from making a serious mistake.

　　他的忠告使我免于犯严重的错误。

　　②He wears sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.

　　他戴墨镜保护眼睛使其免受太阳光的伤害。

　　【关键一点】　

　　(1)prevent/stop/keep sb./sth. from doing sth.表示“制止/阻止/防止某人或某物做某事”，它们常可以互换。

　　(2)prevent sb./sth. from doing sth.和stop sb./sth. from doing sth.中的from常可省略，但用于被动语态时from不能省略。

　　(3)keep sb./sth. from doing sth.中的from不可省略。

　　【对点练习】

　　完成句子

　　①I was_prevented_from going there by urgent business last week.(prevent)

　　上周我因急事不能去那里。

　　②I'm very sorry to_have_kept_you_waiting for a long time.(keep)

　　很抱歉让您等了那么久。

　　③The new rule will keep_him_from_leaving the small country.(keep)

　　这条新规则将会阻止他离开这个小国家。

　　6.cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋

　　cheer sb. up　使某人振作起来

　　cheer sb. on

　　(比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励某人；为某人加油

　　Cheers!

　　[口语](用于祝酒)干杯！

　　①Feeling blue about the world？Cheer up.(湖北高考)

　　对世界感到沮丧吗？振作起来。

　　②The audience stood up to cheer on their team Guangzhou Evergrande Football Team.

　　观众们站起来为他们的球队广州恒大足球队欢呼加油。

　　【关键一点】　cheer up既可以用作及物动词短语，也可用作不及物动词短语。

　　【对点练习】

　　用cheer的相关短语完成下列句子

　　①我真心希望她能振作起来，勇敢地接受生活的挑战！

　　I do hope she can cheer_up and accept the challenge of life bravely!

　　②赛跑进入最后一圈时，观众为选手加油喝彩。

　　The crowd cheered_the_runners_on as they started the last lap.

　　【基础点专练】

　　①unlike prep.　不同；不像adj.

　　不同的；不相似的

　　something like

　　几分像……

　　It's like/unlike sb. to do sth.

　　做某事实在像/不像某人

　　dislike vt.

　　不喜欢；讨厌

　　fundamental adj.