中考英语总复习7

　　 十、被 动 语 态

　　 英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者;被动语态的主语是动作的承受者。

　　 eg. We use a knife for cutting (主动句).

　　 A knife is used for cutting (被动句)。

　　 一、构成:be + 过去分词

　　 eg. 1)The work is finished by him.

　　 2)Chinese is spoken by people in China.

　　 二、被动语态的时态

　　 1.一般现在时:am/ is/ are + 过去分词

　　 eg. English is spoken by Englishmen.

　　 2.一般过去时:was/ were + 过去分词

　　 eg. The machines were made in China.

　　 3.一般将来时:will/shall/be going to be+过去分词

　　 eg. A sports meeting will be held in our school next week.

　　 4.现在完成时:have/ has been + 过去分词

　　 eg. The work has been done by them.

　　 5.现在进行时:am/ is/ are being + 过去分词。

　　 eg. A new school is being built in our village.

　　 6.过去进行时:was/ were being + 过去分词

　　 eg. My TV set was being mended at that time.

　　 综上所述:被动语态的时态只涉及be动词的变化(即:be动词的各种时态)

　　 另外注意以下几点:

　　 1.含情态动词的被动语态:

　　 can / may / must / should + be + 过去分词

　　 eg. He may be sent away from school.

　　 2.带动词不定式的被动语态

　　 eg. My bike needs to be mended.

　　 3.在使用被动语态时,如需要指出动作执行者时,应用by + 动作的执行者(宾格)

　　 eg. He was called Mike by us

　　 4.不及物动词无被动语态(take place/ happen ; last ; rise ; sink ; fall等)

　　 eg. The accident was happened two days ago (改错) _________

　　 5.当宾语补足语是省to不定式时,在改作被动语态之后,应将省去的to还原。

　　 eg.The boss made the workers work 12 hours.

　　 The workers were made to work 12 hours.

　　 6.注意短语动词的完整性(即:主动句的谓语动词若由v + prep / adv构成,变被动语态时,不能将这些介词、副词遗漏。

　　 eg. We must take care of the baby.

　　 The baby must be taken care of.

　　 练 习 题

　　 ( )1.This factory has been____ for two years

　　 A. open B. to open C. opening D. opened

　　 ( )2.The light in the room ___ before you leave. A. must turn off B. will turn off

　　 C. are turned off D. must be turned off

　　 ( )3.The young trees ____ planted in spring.

　　 A. must B. have C. must be D. must are

　　 ( )4.Chinese ____ by Miss Wang three years ago. A. was taught B. is taught

　　 C. was teached D. were teach

　　 ( )5.Young trees ___ quite often.

　　 A. should water B. should be water

　　 C. should be watered D. should have watered

　　 ( )6.English ___ by many people in the world

　　 A. speaks B. speak C. are spoken D. is spoken

　　 ( )7.The old people ___ well in our country.

　　 A. is looked after B. are looked after

　　 C. looks after D. look for

　　 ( )8. Alice is ill. She ____ to hospital at once.

　　 A. is sent B. must be sent

　　 C. can send D. must send

　　 ( )9. The factory ____ in 1958.

　　 A. was built B. is built

　　 C. will be built D. built

　　 ( )10.Our teacher told us that the classroom _____ every day.

　　 A. should be cleaned B. should cleaned

　　 C. shall be cleaned D. must cleaned

　　 ( )11.Football ____ all over the world.

　　 A. plays B. is playing

　　 C. has played D. is played

　　 ( )12.____ silk ____ in Suzhou?

　　 A. Is , produced B. Are, produced

　　 C. Does, produce D. Was, produce

　　 ( )13.Much money ____ spent on books every year. A. have B. has C. are D. is

　　 ( )14.The students was made ______ the questions by the teacher.

　　 A. answer B. to answer

　　 C. answering D. answered

　　 ( )15.The sun ____ when we got there.

　　 A. was risen B. has been risen

　　 C. had risen D. is rising

　　 ( )16.The People's Liberation Army was ____ August 1, 1927.

　　 A. found in B. found on

　　 C. founded on D. founded in

　　 ( )17.The oranges should be well ___ during the winter.

　　 A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep

　　 ( )18. Many of the sheep ___ by the wolf狼).

　　 A. was killed B. are killed

　　 C. are killing D. were killed

　　 ( )19.Tape recorders____ in our English class

　　 A. should use B. used

　　 C. can be used D. are using

　　 ( )20. ____ English ____ in Canada?

　　 A. Do, spoken B. Is , spoken

　　 C. Are, spoken D. Does, speak

　　 ( )21.He ____ not to leave waster paper everywhere.

　　 A. tells B. told C. was told D. has told

　　 ( )22.Who ____ The Family, Spring and Autumn ______?

　　 A. was, written B. were, written

　　 C. were, written by D. are. Written by

　　 ( )23.Look at the building! It ____ now.

　　 A. is being built B. has been built

　　 C. is building D. has built

　　 ( )24.Half of the work ____ before six.

　　 A. can be done B. will do C. were done

　　 ( )25.We ____ stamps for sending letters.

　　 A. are used B. use C. used

　　 ( )26.The Great Green Wall(绿色长城)___ in North China.

　　 A. are built B. can be build C. was built

　　 ( )27.___ the farm ____ by the students ?

　　 A. was, visited B. Is, visit C. Must, visit

　　 ( )28.The woman ____ by people in the waiting room.

　　 A. was laughed B. was laughed at

　　 C. laughed at

　　 ( )29. What ____ there?

　　 A. happened B. is happened

　　 C. must be happened

　　 ( )30.He was made ______for twelve hours.

　　 A. to work B. work C. worked

　　 十一、状语从句

　　 (一)时间状语从句:由when, while, before, after, since, as soon as, till / until引导的从句

　　 1)when与while

　　 eg.1)I'll tell her the good news _____he comes back.

　　 2)Aunt Wang came in while we were watching TV

　　 3)since:自从以来(since从句常用一般过去时)

　　 注意主句通常用现在完成时,但当主句表示一种状态,用一般现在时

　　 eg.1)He has lived there since he came to China

　　 2)It is two years since her mother died.

　　 (二)条件状语从句:由if (如果)引导的从句

　　 eg.I will go to the park if it ________ (not rain) tomorrow.

　　 注意:条件状语从句与以下句型的转换

　　 1)祈使句,and (then , or)+简单句

　　 = If you , you

　　 eg.1)Use your head, then you'll find a way.

　　 =If you use your head, you'll find a way

　　 2)Hurry up, or you'll be late.

　　 =If you don't hurry, you'll be late.

　　 2)without与条件句的转化

　　 eg. Man can't live without water.

　　 =Man can't live if there is no water.

　　 注意以上两种状语从句的时态

　　 主句 时间、条件句

　　 1)一般将来时 2)祈使句 3)情态动词原形 一般现在时

　　 一般过去时 一般过去时

　　 但since从句例外,应与现在完成时连用。

　　 eg.1)I'll call you as soon as he ______ (come) back.

　　 2)He won't go to bed until he _________ (finish) his homework.

　　 3)I'll help you if I _____ (be) free tomorrow

　　 4)I ___________ (live) here since I came to China.

　　 (三)原因状语从句:由because, since , for , as引导的从句

　　 eg. He didn't go to school because he was ill.

　　 注意:1)对because引导的从句提问用why

　　 2)因为(because), 所以(so)不能连用

　　 eg. Because he was (A) ill, so (B) he didn't (C) go to school (D) yesterday. ________

　　 (四)结果状语从句:由so that引导的从句(so后接形、副原级)

　　 eg. He ran (A) so faster (B) that I couldn't catch up with (C) him. ________

　　 注意:1) so that +否定句与too to的替换

　　 eg.1)He is so young that he can't go to school.

　　 = He is too young to go to school(主、从句主语相同)

　　 2)He ran so fast that we couldn't catch up with him.

　　 = He ran too fast for us to catch up with. (主、从句主语不同)

　　 3)The box is so heavy that I can't carry it

　　 = The box is too heavy for me to carry.(注意carry后省去宾语it)

　　 2)so that +从句与enough to的替换

　　 eg.1)He's so strong that he can carry the box.

　　 = He's strong enough to carry the box.

　　 2)The question is so easy that I can answer it

　　 =The question is easy enough for me to answer

　　 练 习

　　 ( )1.We bought granny a present, ___ she didn't like it.

　　 A. but B. and C. when

　　 ( )2.Be quick, ___ you'll be late for the football match.

　　 A. so B. and C. or

　　 ( )3.You've done badly, ___ I can see you did your best. A. or B. but C. so

　　 ( )4.That was our first lesson, ___ she didn't know all our names.

　　 A. for B. but C. so

　　 ( )5.They didn't pass the ball often enough, ___ they didn't play together very well.

　　 A. and B. yet C. when

　　 ( )6.It was raining at that time, ___ they couldn't go out for walk.

　　 A. because B. or C. so

　　 ( )7.Mary couldn't go to school, ___ she was very ill. A. for B. before C. though

　　 ( )8.Go straight along the road, ___ you'll find the hospital at the end of it.

　　 A. since B. and C. when

　　 ( )9.Take this medicine , ___ you will yet well soon. A. and B. but C. so

　　 ( )10.Either she or I ___ him at the airport.

　　 A. is to meet B. am to meet C. are to meet

　　 ( )11.The train hasn't arrived ____.

　　 A. too B. also C. yet

　　 ( )12.You won't go there, ___ will I.

　　 A. So B. Neither C. Also

　　 ( )13.You can take ___ this book ___ that book, but you can't take ___ of them.

　　 A. either, or ; all B. either , or ; both

　　 C. not only , but also ; both

　　 ( )14.The students had no water___ food then

　　 A. or B. and C. also

　　 ( )15.They were ___ weak ___ carry the heavy box.

　　 A. neither , nor B. both , and C. too , to

　　 ( )16.The books aren't yours ___ ours.

　　 A. nor B. and C. but

　　 ( )17.Tom saves his money, ___ John spends all he gets.

　　 A. while B. or C. so

　　 ( )18.Excuse me, ___ can you tell me how to get to the park?

　　 A. and B. please C. but

　　 ( )19.He needs to have a rest, ___ he has worked for a long time .

　　 A. and B. but C. for

　　 ( )20.The policeman was ___ busy ___ holidays with his family.

　　 A. very , to spend B. too , to spend

　　 C. so , that

　　 ( )21.Neither Jack nor I ___ to the park.

　　 A. is going B. are going C. am going

　　 ( )22.His grandfather has never been to school so he could ___ read ___ write.

　　 A. neither , nor B. either , or C. both , and

　　 ( )23.Johm ___ until Mike ___ sorry to him.

　　 A. let him in , said B. didn't let him in , said

　　 C. didn't let him in , says

　　 ( )24.I'm sure Li Ping is ___ in the classroom ___ in the library.

　　 A. either , or B. both , and C. neither , or

　　 ( )25.Don't open the door ___ the bus ___.

　　 A. until , stops B. and , stops C. until , stop

　　 ( )26.Both his father and his mother ___ to Beijing.

　　 A. has been B. have been C. has gone

　　 ( )27.We'll have a sports meeting if it ____ rain tomorrow.

　　 A. won't B. isn't C. don't D. doesn't

　　 ( )28.I'll let you know as soon as he ____.

　　 A. comes back B. will come back

　　 C. is coming back D. come back

　　 ( )29.I'm ___ busy getting ready for Christmas ____ I have no time to write to you.

　　 A. not, until B. too, to

　　 C. so, that D. neither, nor

　　 ( )30.This TV set is too dear, ____ it gives you a better picture.

　　 A. or B. if C. though D. and

　　 ( )31.Could you ask Tom to ring me up if you ____ him tomorrow.

　　 A. met B. meet C. will meet D. have met

　　 ( )32.While she ___ TV in the sitting room, the bell ____.

　　 A. watches, rings B. is watching, rang

　　 C. was watching D. watched, was ringing

　　 ( )33.Mary will go ____ after she ____ her homework.

　　 A. shops, finish B. shopping, finishes

　　 C. to shop, finishing D. shopping, finish

　　 ( )34.He is listening to the music ____ he is washing clothes.

　　 A. after B. before C. when D. while

　　 ( )35.Tell Mr. Wang to go to Mr. Li's office, when you ____ him.

　　 A. saw B. will see C. are seeing D. see

　　 ( )36.They ____ until the meeting was over.

　　 A. left B. not leave

　　 C. don't leave D. didn't leave

　　 ( )37.The children sat at the table until the guests ____.

　　 A. leave B. are leaving C. left D. had left

　　 ( )38.The film ____ for half an hour when I got to the cinema.

　　 A. has begun B. had been on

　　 C. begun D. begins

　　 ( )39.She ____ until late into the night.

　　 A. waited B. came C. went D. started

　　 ( )40.He began to do his homework _____ he turned on the light.

　　 A. before B. since C. till D. after

　　 ( )41.He didn't go to swim yesterday___ he was ill.

　　 A. when B. if C. because D. and because