职称英语中常见词

　　classical adj. 古典的;人文科学的

　　classical music/古典音乐;

　　clean adj. 清洁的，干净的 v. 打扫，使干净;

　　clear adj. 清楚的，清晰的;

　　clear away/清除, 消失;

　　clever adj. 机灵的，聪明的;

　　climate n. 气候

　　a mild climate/温和的气候;

　　clinic n. 门诊部;临床;

　　around the clock/日以继夜;

　　close v. 关，关闭;结束 n. 结束 adj. 近的，紧密的;封闭的;亲密的

　　close down/关闭;封闭;

　　close to/与接近;与靠近;

　　coast n. 海岸;海滨地区

　　along the coast/沿海岸;

　　off the coast/在海岸附近;

　　cold n. 寒冷;伤风，感冒adj. 寒冷的;冷淡的，不热情的

　　catch [have, take] cold/感冒，受凉，伤风;

　　collect v. 收集;聚集;搜集

　　collect stamps/集邮;

　　colorful adj. 华美的;色彩的;生动的

　　a colorful language/生动的语言;

　　combine v. 联合;使)结合

　　be combined with/与结合着

　　combine.. with.../把与结合起来;

　　come v. 来;出现;来;出生;开始

　　come about/发生

　　come across/偶遇;碰到

　　come up with/想出;作出;产生;

　　comfort n. 安慰;舒适v. 安慰;使;缓和;

　　comfortable adj. 舒适的;令人安慰的;觉得舒服的;

　　command n. 命令;掌握v. 命令;指挥;克制;支配;博得;

　　commercial adj. 商业的，商务的;

　　commit vt. 犯;干;把交

　　commit an error/做错事

　　commit a guilt/犯罪

　　commit suicide/自杀

　　commit a mistake/犯错;

　　common adj. 共同的;公共的; 普通的;

　　communicate v. 沟通;通信:

　　communicate with/交流;

　　community n. 公社;社会;群落;

　　compact adj. 紧凑的，紧密的，简洁的;

　　companyn. 公司;陪伴

　　compare v. / vt.比较;相比;比喻

　　compare.. with..把..与相比

　　compare.. to../ 把..比喻为..

　　by comparison/比较起来

　　in comparison with/和比较起来;

　　compensate v. 偿还，补偿，付报酬 compensate for/赔偿;

　　compete vi. 比赛，竞争

　　compete with /与竞争

　　compete for/为竞争;

　　competence n. 能力;胜任;资格;

　　competition n. 竞争;竞赛;

　　complain vi. 抱怨;埋怨

　　complain about/控诉;抗议;

　　complaint n. 诉苦，抱怨，牢骚

　　make a complaint/提出不满意见，对提出控告;

　　complex adj. 复杂的，合成的，综合的;

　　complicate v. 变复杂 vt.使费解，使难以处理;

　　comply with/同意，答应;遵守;

　　component n. 成分 adj. 组成的，构成的;

　　comprehend vt. 领会，理解;

　　comprise v. 包含，由组成;

　　conceal vt. 隐藏，隐瞒;

　　concentrate v. 集中，浓缩

　　concentrate ones attention on/集中精力在某方面，专心于

　　concentrate upon/集中在，专心于;

　　concept n. 观念，概念;

　　concern vt. 涉及，关系到 n. 关系，关心，所关心的事情

　　as far as...be concerned/关于，至于，就而言

　　be concerned about/关心;

　　conclude v. 结束，终止, 作出结论vt. 推断，断定;

　　condition n. 条件，情形，环境

　　on condition that/条件是

　　be in good condition/完好无误;

　　conduct n.行为, 操行v.引导, 管理, 传导;

　　conference n. 会议

　　a press [news] conference/记者招待会;

　　confess v. 承认，坦白

　　confess ones error/承认自己的错误;

　　confident adj. 自信的，确信的;

　　confine vt. 限制，禁闭 n. 界限，边界

　　be confined to/限于，限制[封闭]在;

　　confirm vt. 确定，批准;

　　conflict n. 斗争，冲突vi. 抵触，冲突

　　in conflict with.../同相冲突[有抵触，有矛盾];

　　confront vt. 使面临，对抗

　　be confronted with/面临，面对;

　　confuse vt. 搞乱，使糊涂;

　　congress n. 大会，[C～] 国会，议会

　　the National Peoples Congress/[中]全国人民代表大会;

　　connect v. 连接，联合，关连

　　connect with/和有联系，和有关;

　　conquer vt. 战胜，占领，克服，破;

　　conscious adj. 有意识的，有知觉的

　　be conscious of/意识到;

　　consequence n. 结果, 因果关系

　　in consequence/因此，由此;

　　consider vt. 考虑，认为

　　consider.. as..把看作..;

　　considerable adj. 相当大的，相当可观的;

　　consist vi. 由组成，在于，一致

　　consist of包括，由组成;

　　constant n. [数、物] 常数，恒量 adj. 不变的，持续的;

　　construct vt. 建造，构造，创立;

　　consume vt. 消耗，消费;

　　consumer n. 消费者;

　　contact n. 接触，联系vt. 接触，联系

　　contact sb/和联系

　　be in/out of contact with.../和接触，有联系[脱离接触，失去联系];

　　contain vt. 包含，容纳，容忍

　　例题解析：

　　阅读判断(每题1分，共七分)

　　阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。

　　Passage 1(B/C级，出题难度上达到B级)

　　The First Settlement in North America

　　It is very difficult to say just when colonization began.The first hundred years after Christopher Columbuss journey of discovery in 1492 did not produce any settlement on the North America continent but rather some Spanish trading posts further south，a great interest in gold and adventure，and some colorful crimes in which the English had their part.John Cabot, originally from Genoa but a citizen of Venice，was established as a trader in Bristol，England. when he made a journey in 1497.But his ship。the Matthew，with its crew of eighteen, did nomore than see an island and return home.He and his son made further voyages across the north Atlantic which enabled me English crown to claim alegaltitle to North America~.But for a long time afterwards the Europeansinterest in America was mainly confined to the Spanish activities further south.

　　The first beginning of permanent settlement in North America were nearly a hundred years after Columbuss first voyage.The Englishman Sir Walter Raleigh claimed the whole of North America for England，calling it Virginia.In 1585 he sent a small group of people who landed in Roanoke Island，but they stayed only for a year and then went back to England with another expedition, led by Drake，in 1587.A second group who landed in 1587 had all disappeared when a further expedition arrived in 1590.

　　The first permanent settlement in North America was in 1607. English capitalists founded two Virginia companies，a southern one based in London and a northern one based in Bristol.It was decided to give the name New England to the northern area.The first settlers in Virginia were little more t11an Wage slavesto the company.A11 were men and the experiment was not very successful.Many died.Those who survived lived in miserable conditions.By 1619 the colony had only a thousand people.

　　词汇：

　　colonization n.开拓殖民地

　　crew n.全体船员一队，一

　　settlement n.居民点

　　Spanish adj.西班牙的

　　Permanent adj.永久的

　　练习

　　1.We know for sure that colonization began at the end of the 15th century.

　　A.right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

　　2.Among the early settlers in South America in the 16th century were Spanish traders.

　　A.right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

　　3. With John Cabots arrival at an island off the New England coast in 1497,the British Crown claimed to be the legal owner of North America.

　　A.right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

　　4.There were eighteen people on board the Matthew during its voyage tO North America in 1497.

　　A.right B.Wrong C.NOt mentioned

　　5.The first attempt made by European people to settle down permanently in North America occurred in the 1580s.

　　A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

　　6.The name Virginia was given to North America by Sir Walter Raleigh. .

　　A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

　　7.The name New England was given to the northern area of North America by the boss of one of the two Virginia companies.

　　A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

　　答案及解析：

　　1.文章主题分析：The First Settlement in North America

　　It is very difficult to say just when colonization (殖民地)began.The first hundred years after Christopher Columbuss journey of discovery in 1492 did not produce any settlement on the North America continent but rather some Spanish trading posts further south，

　　Rather: adv.宁可, 更愿意地, 更确切地;更精确地, 相当地

　　Id rather go to the movies.我宁愿去看电影

　　Hes my friend, or rather he was my friend.

　　他是我的朋友，不过更确切地说，他曾经是我的朋友

　　rather cold.相当寒冷

　　2. 直接解题：

　　1.We know for sure that colonization began at the end of the 15th century.

　　A.right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

　　B.分析：文章第一句的含义(很难说出殖民运动开始于什么时候)正好与该句的句意矛盾。所以答案为B。

　　for sure adv.确实

　　2.Among the early settlers in South America in the 16th century were Spanish traders.

　　A.right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

　　A.分析：题干中出现的细节信息较多，因此考虑把题干中的信息进行划分：划分成2层： the early settlers in South America in the 16th century + were Spanish traders (= Spanish traders are among the early settlers)，并利用题干中出现的特征信息： in the 16th century作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：

　　It is very difficult to say just when colonization began.The first hundred years after Christopher Columbuss journey of discovery in 1492 did not produce any settlement on the North America continent but rather some Spanish trading posts further south(从该结构内容可以推出题干中的第1层和第2层信息)，a great interest in gold and adventure，and some colorful crimes in which the English had their part.

　　3. With John Cabots arrival at an island off the New England coast in 1497,the British Crown claimed to be the legal owner of North America.

　　A.right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

　　B.分析：题干中出现的细节信息较多，因此考虑把题干中的信息进行划分：划分成2层：With John Cabots arrival at an island off the New England coast in 1497 + the British Crown claimed to be the legal owner of North America, 并利用题干中出现的特征结构：in 1497， an island off the New England coast ,the British Crown和 John Cabot作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：

　　John Cabot, originally from Genoa but a citizen of Venice，was established as a trader in Bristol，England, when he made a journey in 1497.But his ship, the Matthew，with its crew of eighteen, did no more than see an island and return home.

　　4.There were eighteen people on board the Matthew during its voyage to North America in 1497.

　　A.right B.Wrong C.NOt mentioned

　　B.分析：题干中出现的细节信息较多，因此考虑把题干中的信息进行划分：划分成2层：There were eighteen people on board the Matthew + during its voyage to North America in 1497, 并利用题干中出现的特征信息：eighteen people, he Matthew和 in 1497　作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：

　　John Cabot, originally from Genoa but a citizen of Venice，was established as a trader in Bristol，England, when he made a journey in 1497.But his ship, the Matthew，with its crew of eighteen(该结构揭示的含义是有18名水手与信息1中提到的船上有18人不一致，因为肯定John Cabot本人也在船上), did no more than see an island and return home.He and his son made further voyages across the north Atlantic ...

　　5.The first attempt made by European people to settle down permanently in North America occurred in the 1580s.

　　A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

　　A.分析：题干中出现的细节信息较多，因此考虑把题干中的信息进行划分：划分成2层：The first attempt made by European people to settle down permanently in North America + (The first attempt)occurred in the 1580s，并利用题干中出现的特征信息：1580s 和European people 作为答案线索，并注意题干中的修饰词first 和permanently，这样发现答案相关句：

　　The first beginning of permanent settlement in North America were nearly a hundred years after Columbuss first voyage(Christopher Columbuss journey of discovery in 1492)(该句内容基本上与信息1和信息2的内容一致，但信息1中提到的欧洲人试图定居下来的尝试在该句中找不到相关内容).The Englishman Sir Walter Raleigh claimed the whole of North America for England，calling it Virginia.In 1585 he sent a small group of people who landed in Roanoke Island，but they stayed only for a year and then went back to England with another expedition, led by Drake，in 1587.(这些划线句反映的内容都是英国人(欧洲人)((爵士) Walter Raleigh)带领下的登陆定居尝试。)因此，可见题干中所反映的内容在文章中都有呼应，因此判断该题的答案是正确。

　　6.The name Virginia was given to North America by Sir Walter Raleigh. .

　　A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

　　A.分析：该句内容较单一，因此直接看成1层信息。利用题干中出现的特征词Virginia和Sir Walter Raleigh作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句：

　　A second group who landed in 1587 had all disappeared when a further expedition arrived in 1590.

　　The first permanent settlement in North America was in 1607. English capitalists founded two Virginia companies，a southern one based in London and a northern one based in Bristol..

　　文章结尾处没有出现题干中的另一个核心词，因此回头看前文，这样发现直接答案相关句：

　　(第2段)The Englishman Sir Walter Raleigh claimed the whole of North America for England，calling it Virginia该句句意与题干内容完全一致，因此判断该题的说法正确。

　　7.The name New England was given to the northern area of North America by the boss of one of the two Virginia companies.

　　A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

　　C.分析：题干中出现的细节信息较多，因此考虑把题干中的信息进行划分：划分成2层：The name New England was given to the northern area of North America + (given)by the boss of one of the two Virginia companies，利用题干中出现的特征词New England和 two Virginia companies作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：