Passage One

　　Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　26. A) There were no planets without moons.

　　B) There was no air or water on Jupiter.

　　C) Life was not possible in outer space.

　　D) The mystery of life could not be resolved.

　　27. A) It has a number of active volcanoes. B) It has an atmosphere like the earths.

　　C) It has a large ocean under its surface. D) It has deep caves several miles long.

　　28. A) Light is not an essential element to it.

　　B) Life can form in very hot temperatures.

　　C) Every form of life undergoes evolution.

　　D) Oxygen is not needed for some life forms.

　　答案：

　　26. C. Life was not possible in outer space.

　　27. C. It has a large ocean under its surface.

　　28. A. Light is not an essential element to it.

　　原文：

　　Passage One

　　Since early times, people have been fascinated with the idea of life existing somewhere else besides earth. Until recently, scientists believed that life on other planet was just a hopeful dream. But now they are beginning to locate places where life could form. In 1997, they saw evidence of planets near other stars like the sun. But scientists now think that life could be even nearer in our own solar system. One place scientists are studying very closely is Europa, a moon of Jupiter. Space probes have provided evidence that Europa has a large ocean under its surface. The probes have also made the scientists think that under its surface Europa has a rocky core giving off volcanic heat. Water and heat from volcanic activity are two basic conditions needed for life to form. A third is certain basic chemicals such as carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. Scientists believe there might be such chemicals lying at the bottom of Europas ocean. They may have already created life, or maybe about to. You may wonder if light is also need for life to form. Until recently, scientists thought that light was essential. But now, places have been found on earth that are in total in blackness, such as caves several miles beneath the ocean. And bacteria, primitive forms of life have been seen there. So the lack of light in Europas subsurface ocean doesnt automatically rule out life forming.

　　26. What did scientists once believe according to the passage?

　　27. What have scientists found about Europa, a moon of Jupiter?

　　28. What have scientists come to know recently about the formation of life?

　　Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　29. A) Whether they should take the child home.

　　B) What Dr. Myers instructions exactly were.

　　C) Who should take care of the child at home.

　　D) When the child would completely recover.

　　30. A) She encourages them to ask questions when in doubt.

　　B) She makes them write down all her instructions.

　　C) She has them act out what they are to do at home.

　　D) She asks them to repeat what they are supposed to do.

　　31. A) It lacks the stability of the printed word.

　　B) It contains many grammatical errors.

　　C) It is heavily dependent on the context.

　　D) It facilitates interpersonal communication.

　　答案：

　　29. B. What Dr. Meyers instructions exactly were

　　30. D. She askes them to repeat what they are supposed to do.

　　31. A. It lacks the stability of the printed word.

　　原文：

　　Passage Two

　　In her early days as an emergency room physician, Dr. Joanna Meyer treated a child who had suffered a second degree burn. After the child had been treated, and was being prepared for discharge, Dr. Meyer talked to the parents about how they should care for the child at home, also listening to her were half a dozen family members. A few hours later, when she came to say goodbye, the family asked her to settle an argument theyve been having over exactly what advice she had given. As I talked to them, I was amazed. she said, All of them had heard the simple instructions I had given just a few hours before. But they had three or four different versions. The most basic details were unclear and confusing. I was surprised, because these were intelligent people. This episode gave Dr. Meyer her first clue to something every doctor learns sooner or later most people just dont listen very well.

　　Nowadays, she says, she repeats her instructions, and even conducts a reality check with some patients. She asks them to tell her what they think theyre supposed to do. She also provides take-home sheets, which are computer printouts, tailored to the patients situation.

　　Dr. Meyers listeners are not unusual. When new or difficult material is presented, almost all listeners are faced with a challenge, because humans speech lacks the stability and permanence of the printed word. Oral communication is fast-moving and impermanent.

　　Question 29-31

　　Q29. What did the childs family members argue about in the hospital?

　　Q30. What does Dr. Meyer do to ensure her patients understand her instructions?

　　Q31. What does the speaker say about human speech?

　　Passage Three

　　Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　32. A) Job security. B) Good labour relations.

　　C) Challenging work. D) Attractive wages and benefits.

　　33. A) Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually.

　　B) More and more unskilled workers will lose jobs.

　　C) Computers will change the nature of many jobs.

　　D) Boring jobs will gradually be made enjoyable.

　　34. A) Offer them chances of promotion.

　　B) Improve their working conditions.

　　C) Encourage them to compete with each other.

　　D) Give them responsibilities as part of a team.

　　35. A) They will not bring real benefits to the staff.

　　B) They concern a small number of people only.

　　C) They are arbitrarily set by the administrators.

　　D) They are beyond the control of ordinary workers.

　　答案：

　　32. C. Challenging work.

　　33. A. Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually.

　　34. D. Give them responsibilities as part of a team.

　　35. B. They concern a small number of people only.

　　原文：

　　Passage 3

　　It is logical to suppose that things like good labor relations, good working conditions, good wages and benefits, and job security motivate workers. But one expert, Frederick Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate workers, they are merely satisfiers.

　　Motivators, in contrast, include things such as having a challenging and interesting job, recognition and responsibility. However, even with the development of computers and robotics, there are always plenty of boring, repetitive and mechanical jobs, and lots of unskilled people who have to do them. So how do managers motivate people in such jobs?

　　One solution is to give them some responsibilities, not as individuals, but as a team. For example, some supermarkets combine office staff, the people who fill the shelves, and the people who work at the checkout into a team. And let them decide what product lines to stock, how to display them, and so on.

　　Many people now talk about the importance of a company shared values or culture, with which all the staff can identify. For example, being the best hotel chain, or making the best, the most user friendly, or the most reliable products in a particular field. Such values are more likely to motivate workers than financial targets, which ultimately only concern a few people. Unfortunately, there is only a limited number of such goals to go around. And by definition, not all the competing companies in an industry can seriously play in to be the best.

　　Question 32-35

　　Q32. What can actually motivate workers according to Frederick Herzberg?

　　Q33. What does the speaker say about jobs in the computer era?

　　Q34. What do some supermarkets do to motivate employees?

　　Q35. Why does the speaker say financial targets are less likely to motivate workers?

　　Passage One

　　Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　26. A) There were no planets without moons.

　　B) There was no air or water on Jupiter.

　　C) Life was not possible in outer space.

　　D) The mystery of life could not be resolved.

　　27. A) It has a number of active volcanoes. B) It has an atmosphere like the earths.

　　C) It has a large ocean under its surface. D) It has deep caves several miles long.

　　28. A) Light is not an essential element to it.

　　B) Life can form in very hot temperatures.

　　C) Every form of life undergoes evolution.

　　D) Oxygen is not needed for some life forms.

　　答案：

　　26. C. Life was not possible in outer space.

　　27. C. It has a large ocean under its surface.

　　28. A. Light is not an essential element to it.

　　原文：

　　Passage One

　　Since early times, people have been fascinated with the idea of life existing somewhere else besides earth. Until recently, scientists believed that life on other planet was just a hopeful dream. But now they are beginning to locate places where life could form. In 1997, they saw evidence of planets near other stars like the sun. But scientists now think that life could be even nearer in our own solar system. One place scientists are studying very closely is Europa, a moon of Jupiter. Space probes have provided evidence that Europa has a large ocean under its surface. The probes have also made the scientists think that under its surface Europa has a rocky core giving off volcanic heat. Water and heat from volcanic activity are two basic conditions needed for life to form. A third is certain basic chemicals such as carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. Scientists believe there might be such chemicals lying at the bottom of Europas ocean. They may have already created life, or maybe about to. You may wonder if light is also need for life to form. Until recently, scientists thought that light was essential. But now, places have been found on earth that are in total in blackness, such as caves several miles beneath the ocean. And bacteria, primitive forms of life have been seen there. So the lack of light in Europas subsurface ocean doesnt automatically rule out life forming.

　　26. What did scientists once believe according to the passage?

　　27. What have scientists found about Europa, a moon of Jupiter?

　　28. What have scientists come to know recently about the formation of life?

　　Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　29. A) Whether they should take the child home.

　　B) What Dr. Myers instructions exactly were.

　　C) Who should take care of the child at home.

　　D) When the child would completely recover.

　　30. A) She encourages them to ask questions when in doubt.

　　B) She makes them write down all her instructions.

　　C) She has them act out what they are to do at home.

　　D) She asks them to repeat what they are supposed to do.

　　31. A) It lacks the stability of the printed word.

　　B) It contains many grammatical errors.

　　C) It is heavily dependent on the context.

　　D) It facilitates interpersonal communication.

　　答案：

　　29. B. What Dr. Meyers instructions exactly were

　　30. D. She askes them to repeat what they are supposed to do.

　　31. A. It lacks the stability of the printed word.

　　原文：

　　Passage Two

　　In her early days as an emergency room physician, Dr. Joanna Meyer treated a child who had suffered a second degree burn. After the child had been treated, and was being prepared for discharge, Dr. Meyer talked to the parents about how they should care for the child at home, also listening to her were half a dozen family members. A few hours later, when she came to say goodbye, the family asked her to settle an argument theyve been having over exactly what advice she had given. As I talked to them, I was amazed. she said, All of them had heard the simple instructions I had given just a few hours before. But they had three or four different versions. The most basic details were unclear and confusing. I was surprised, because these were intelligent people. This episode gave Dr. Meyer her first clue to something every doctor learns sooner or later most people just dont listen very well.

　　Nowadays, she says, she repeats her instructions, and even conducts a reality check with some patients. She asks them to tell her what they think theyre supposed to do. She also provides take-home sheets, which are computer printouts, tailored to the patients situation.

　　Dr. Meyers listeners are not unusual. When new or difficult material is presented, almost all listeners are faced with a challenge, because humans speech lacks the stability and permanence of the printed word. Oral communication is fast-moving and impermanent.

　　Question 29-31

　　Q29. What did the childs family members argue about in the hospital?

　　Q30. What does Dr. Meyer do to ensure her patients understand her instructions?

　　Q31. What does the speaker say about human speech?

　　Passage Three

　　Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　32. A) Job security. B) Good labour relations.

　　C) Challenging work. D) Attractive wages and benefits.

　　33. A) Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually.

　　B) More and more unskilled workers will lose jobs.

　　C) Computers will change the nature of many jobs.

　　D) Boring jobs will gradually be made enjoyable.

　　34. A) Offer them chances of promotion.

　　B) Improve their working conditions.

　　C) Encourage them to compete with each other.

　　D) Give them responsibilities as part of a team.

　　35. A) They will not bring real benefits to the staff.

　　B) They concern a small number of people only.

　　C) They are arbitrarily set by the administrators.

　　D) They are beyond the control of ordinary workers.

　　答案：

　　32. C. Challenging work.

　　33. A. Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually.

　　34. D. Give them responsibilities as part of a team.

　　35. B. They concern a small number of people only.

　　原文：

　　Passage 3

　　It is logical to suppose that things like good labor relations, good working conditions, good wages and benefits, and job security motivate workers. But one expert, Frederick Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate workers, they are merely satisfiers.

　　Motivators, in contrast, include things such as having a challenging and interesting job, recognition and responsibility. However, even with the development of computers and robotics, there are always plenty of boring, repetitive and mechanical jobs, and lots of unskilled people who have to do them. So how do managers motivate people in such jobs?

　　One solution is to give them some responsibilities, not as individuals, but as a team. For example, some supermarkets combine office staff, the people who fill the shelves, and the people who work at the checkout into a team. And let them decide what product lines to stock, how to display them, and so on.

　　Many people now talk about the importance of a company shared values or culture, with which all the staff can identify. For example, being the best hotel chain, or making the best, the most user friendly, or the most reliable products in a particular field. Such values are more likely to motivate workers than financial targets, which ultimately only concern a few people. Unfortunately, there is only a limited number of such goals to go around. And by definition, not all the competing companies in an industry can seriously play in to be the best.

　　Question 32-35

　　Q32. What can actually motivate workers according to Frederick Herzberg?

　　Q33. What does the speaker say about jobs in the computer era?

　　Q34. What do some supermarkets do to motivate employees?

　　Q35. Why does the speaker say financial targets are less likely to motivate workers?