Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　19. Judging peoples behavior.

　　Common causes of anger.

　　Changing peoples attitudes.

　　The effects of negative behavior.

　　20. When theyre unable to control the persons behavior.

　　when the causes of the behavior are obvious.

　　when the consequences of the behavior are unpleasant.

　　When the behavior is expected.

　　21. Their behavior should be attributed to factors beyond their control.

　　Their behavior should be attributed to internal factors.

　　Their behavior should be attributed to external factors.

　　Their behavior should be attributed to others.

　　22. We should blame external factors,

　　We should blame internal factors.

　　We should blame others.

　　We neednt blame ourselves.

　　Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　23. His notes are poor.

　　His vision is getting worse.

　　He has missed a couple of classes.

　　He doesnt have any money to buy notes.

　　24. At a library.

　　At a copy shop.

　　At a laboratory.

　　At a coffee shop.

　　25. That they skip class.

　　That they get some rest.

　　That they study together.

　　That they go to the cafeteria.

　　Conversation One

　　19．A综合推断题。对话开头指出we ask about peoples behavior，再结合听力材料可知，对话主要讨论了人的行为背后的原因，即对行为举止的评价，所以A正确。

　　20．C信息明示题。男士提到when the behavior could have negative consequences，由此可知，C正确。

　　21．B综合推断题。男士说you automatically attribute the drivers behavior to an internal factor，由此可以推断，大多数人会为他人的过失行为寻找内在原因，所以B正确。

　　22．A综合推断题。男士最后问：你应该怎样解释自己所犯的错误呢?女士回答：我会找客观原因。由此推断，我们都会为自己的错误找客观原因，所以A正确。

　　考点

　　say有例如说，譬如说的意思，与for example和for instance意思相近，是let us say的简化语。当前面是假设的条件或某种特定的情况需要举例说明时，通常用say，如：If you were to get a large sum of money，say，10，000 dollars，what would you do with it?如果你能得到一大笔钱，比如说，一万美元，你打算用来做什么?

　　attribute to意为将某事归因于，如：delays attributed to snow因下雪而耽搁；它还有被认为是写的的意思，如：This tune is usually attributed to Chopin．这首曲子通常被认为是肖邦所作。

　　be to blame意为应受谴责的，是起因或某事的根源，如：A freak storm was to blame for the power outage．停电的起因是一场特大的暴风雨。

　　Conversation Two

　　23．A信息明示题。女士不明白男士为什么要向自己借笔记，男士说自己总是打完工后直接去上课，所以上课时总是打瞌睡，笔记也记得不好，故选A。

　　24．D信息明示题。男士明确说明了工作日早上自己在一间咖啡店里做收银员，故选D。

　　25．C信息明示题。女士说自己需要找个人一起学习，而男士需要找个人让他学习时保持清醒，所以建议和男士成为学习上的同伴，共同学习，故选c。

　　考点

　　nod off为口语表达，意为睡着，与nod相关的表达还有：Homernods．智者千虑，必有一失。have a nodding acquaintance with sb．／sth．与某人有点头之交，对某事物略知一二，如：I have no more

　　than a nodding acquaintance with the writers novels．我对这位作家的小说不甚了解。

　　Now youll hear two long conversations.

　　Conversation One

　　M: One of the most common questions we ask about peoples behavior is why. Why does she say this? Why does he do that? Sometimes the reason is obvious. For example, someone is driving down the street, the light turns red, and he stops, why?

　　W: Because he has to, legally I mean.

　　M: Exactly! In this case the reason is obvious, so we usually dont question it. But when the reason is not so obvious and especially when the behavior could have negative consequences, were more likely to feel a need to explain the causes of the behavior. Social psychologists have a term for this, for the process of explaining the causes of behavior. Its called causal attribution. And one theory suggests theres a pattern in the way we go about attributing causes to peoples behavior. According to this theory, there are two categories of reasons: internal factors and external factors. Again, Lisa, say youre driving down the road and all of a sudden some guy turns into the lane right in front of you, and you have to slam on your brake to avoid an accident. How do you react?

　　W: Ill probably get very angry.

　　M: Because...

　　W: Well, hes not paying attention; hes a bad driver.

　　M: So you automatically attribute the drivers behavior to an internal factor. He himself is to blame because he is careless.

　　W: So if I said it was because of heavy traffic or something, Id be attributing his behavior to an external factor, something beyond his control.

　　M: Good. Now how will you explain your own negative behavior?

　　W: I should blame external factors.

　　M: Thats right.

　　Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　19. What is the main topic of the discussion?

　　20. According to the professor, when are people likely to try to explain someone elses behavior?

　　21. According to the discussion, how do most people explain others negative behavior?

　　22. According to the discussion, what should we do to explain our own negative behavior?

　　Conversation Two

　　M: Holly, is it possible to borrow your notes? Ill return them tomorrow.

　　W: Sorry, but I usually go to the cafeteria and review them. Say, how about copying them over in the library?

　　M: OK. I think Ive got enough coins for the machines.

　　W: No problem. But I dont understand why you need my notes, Carter; you havent missed any classes.

　　M: Weekday mornings, Im a cashier at a coffee shop downtown. After work, I come directly to school!

　　W: Wow, youre probably exhausted!

　　M: Thats exactly why I want to borrow your notes. Ive been nodding off during class, so my notes arent very good.

　　W: Well, heres Professor Labelle. How are you feeling?

　　M: Im usually awake at the beginning. But after thirty minutes into class, Im having trouble keeping my eyes open.

　　W: Listen, I need someone to study with, and you need someone to keep you awake; want to be study partners?

　　M: Yeah, Id sure appreciate it.

　　W: OK, lets start today at the library. Were going there anyway, and I dont have to go to the cafeteria.

　　M: Sounds good. Oh, no, it looks like hes brought along some more of his slides; elbow me if I start drifting off.

　　W: Im afraid I wont be very helpful. His slides make me sleepy too!

　　Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　23. Why does the man ask the woman for her notes?

　　24. Where does the man work?

　　25. What does the woman propose to the man?

　　Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　19. Judging peoples behavior.

　　Common causes of anger.

　　Changing peoples attitudes.

　　The effects of negative behavior.

　　20. When theyre unable to control the persons behavior.

　　when the causes of the behavior are obvious.

　　when the consequences of the behavior are unpleasant.

　　When the behavior is expected.

　　21. Their behavior should be attributed to factors beyond their control.

　　Their behavior should be attributed to internal factors.

　　Their behavior should be attributed to external factors.

　　Their behavior should be attributed to others.

　　22. We should blame external factors,

　　We should blame internal factors.

　　We should blame others.

　　We neednt blame ourselves.

　　Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　23. His notes are poor.

　　His vision is getting worse.

　　He has missed a couple of classes.

　　He doesnt have any money to buy notes.

　　24. At a library.

　　At a copy shop.

　　At a laboratory.

　　At a coffee shop.

　　25. That they skip class.

　　That they get some rest.

　　That they study together.

　　That they go to the cafeteria.

　　Conversation One

　　19．A综合推断题。对话开头指出we ask about peoples behavior，再结合听力材料可知，对话主要讨论了人的行为背后的原因，即对行为举止的评价，所以A正确。

　　20．C信息明示题。男士提到when the behavior could have negative consequences，由此可知，C正确。

　　21．B综合推断题。男士说you automatically attribute the drivers behavior to an internal factor，由此可以推断，大多数人会为他人的过失行为寻找内在原因，所以B正确。

　　22．A综合推断题。男士最后问：你应该怎样解释自己所犯的错误呢?女士回答：我会找客观原因。由此推断，我们都会为自己的错误找客观原因，所以A正确。

　　考点

　　say有例如说，譬如说的意思，与for example和for instance意思相近，是let us say的简化语。当前面是假设的条件或某种特定的情况需要举例说明时，通常用say，如：If you were to get a large sum of money，say，10，000 dollars，what would you do with it?如果你能得到一大笔钱，比如说，一万美元，你打算用来做什么?

　　attribute to意为将某事归因于，如：delays attributed to snow因下雪而耽搁；它还有被认为是写的的意思，如：This tune is usually attributed to Chopin．这首曲子通常被认为是肖邦所作。

　　be to blame意为应受谴责的，是起因或某事的根源，如：A freak storm was to blame for the power outage．停电的起因是一场特大的暴风雨。

　　Conversation Two

　　23．A信息明示题。女士不明白男士为什么要向自己借笔记，男士说自己总是打完工后直接去上课，所以上课时总是打瞌睡，笔记也记得不好，故选A。

　　24．D信息明示题。男士明确说明了工作日早上自己在一间咖啡店里做收银员，故选D。

　　25．C信息明示题。女士说自己需要找个人一起学习，而男士需要找个人让他学习时保持清醒，所以建议和男士成为学习上的同伴，共同学习，故选c。

　　考点

　　nod off为口语表达，意为睡着，与nod相关的表达还有：Homernods．智者千虑，必有一失。have a nodding acquaintance with sb．／sth．与某人有点头之交，对某事物略知一二，如：I have no more

　　than a nodding acquaintance with the writers novels．我对这位作家的小说不甚了解。

　　Now youll hear two long conversations.

　　Conversation One

　　M: One of the most common questions we ask about peoples behavior is why. Why does she say this? Why does he do that? Sometimes the reason is obvious. For example, someone is driving down the street, the light turns red, and he stops, why?

　　W: Because he has to, legally I mean.

　　M: Exactly! In this case the reason is obvious, so we usually dont question it. But when the reason is not so obvious and especially when the behavior could have negative consequences, were more likely to feel a need to explain the causes of the behavior. Social psychologists have a term for this, for the process of explaining the causes of behavior. Its called causal attribution. And one theory suggests theres a pattern in the way we go about attributing causes to peoples behavior. According to this theory, there are two categories of reasons: internal factors and external factors. Again, Lisa, say youre driving down the road and all of a sudden some guy turns into the lane right in front of you, and you have to slam on your brake to avoid an accident. How do you react?

　　W: Ill probably get very angry.

　　M: Because...

　　W: Well, hes not paying attention; hes a bad driver.

　　M: So you automatically attribute the drivers behavior to an internal factor. He himself is to blame because he is careless.

　　W: So if I said it was because of heavy traffic or something, Id be attributing his behavior to an external factor, something beyond his control.

　　M: Good. Now how will you explain your own negative behavior?

　　W: I should blame external factors.

　　M: Thats right.

　　Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　19. What is the main topic of the discussion?

　　20. According to the professor, when are people likely to try to explain someone elses behavior?

　　21. According to the discussion, how do most people explain others negative behavior?

　　22. According to the discussion, what should we do to explain our own negative behavior?

　　Conversation Two

　　M: Holly, is it possible to borrow your notes? Ill return them tomorrow.

　　W: Sorry, but I usually go to the cafeteria and review them. Say, how about copying them over in the library?

　　M: OK. I think Ive got enough coins for the machines.

　　W: No problem. But I dont understand why you need my notes, Carter; you havent missed any classes.

　　M: Weekday mornings, Im a cashier at a coffee shop downtown. After work, I come directly to school!

　　W: Wow, youre probably exhausted!

　　M: Thats exactly why I want to borrow your notes. Ive been nodding off during class, so my notes arent very good.

　　W: Well, heres Professor Labelle. How are you feeling?

　　M: Im usually awake at the beginning. But after thirty minutes into class, Im having trouble keeping my eyes open.

　　W: Listen, I need someone to study with, and you need someone to keep you awake; want to be study partners?

　　M: Yeah, Id sure appreciate it.

　　W: OK, lets start today at the library. Were going there anyway, and I dont have to go to the cafeteria.

　　M: Sounds good. Oh, no, it looks like hes brought along some more of his slides; elbow me if I start drifting off.

　　W: Im afraid I wont be very helpful. His slides make me sleepy too!

　　Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　23. Why does the man ask the woman for her notes?

　　24. Where does the man work?

　　25. What does the woman propose to the man?